Show Interpret interpretation aL of P early darly in indian dia n given iven iron fron p anee ge would show that the pictures in which they are depicted were made after horses had been introduced to Ani america erita by the sp spaniards ilarda in the sixteenth century A moie careful tudy of these rock pictures bad on oil their interpretation thru the sign language medium would undoubtedly bring tar far reaching results in ule te uintah basin in northeastern U utah tah there are rock p pc c tures of at least four ancient cultures that seem to have decipherable N lue as basket makers pueblos it a people who made round bod aed drawings to represent human beings and head hunters or ancient fremont culture peoples he pictures which are drawn ji aiji almost life size and clearly show the f t r cultures appear to be in le ie presenting a narrative it a sense n axia tive each picture e bent ent that is the pie picture ture would I 1 call up some event with its various details in othar words w the pictures depict scenes and probably recoil events in the lives of the principal actors amr e B least in the c case ise he scenes carved or painted b the head hunters it would seem that a gleat p part rt of them ore axe epitaphs setting getting forth the arnic pal events of the deceased actors life and that they were here drawn as a port part of his death ceremony the other glyphis glyphs of this culture for the most p part a r t being apparently e explanations of citha and the recording of conspicuous en bents ants it should be added in correlation 1 that the head hunters above were a people who biad many customs of the basket maker 3 le eel el as well ell as some of the ute and other pe peoples 0 pies in time they took on a qu luisi quisi si pueblo culture and became the people ol of the bemont tage of trat culture age of pueblo no 2 times about A D and for a considerable time their possessions extended exten cled along green river andl and its trib Is es from probably farl far into southward to the foment t dirty devil river in southern they hew ever er were out of the main maan stream of pueblo culture it would seem that they pawed passed from the sm baabe age tet tate ate dt k catl into no 2 culture v w phout par passing zing thru no 1 culture stape stage due probably to their ge with dor their absorbing the uintah willard beaver culture pueblos who had then p passed assed oner 01 er the thres hold into tto 2 stage of pueblo culture however so far as present obtainable data show they seem ne never er to have stood much closer to the orthodox pueblo cultures of the southwest of ti their leir time than the navajos cavajos do to the present hopi pueblo cultures X I 1 from the nez perce coeur dalene D alene and cava e indian county coty CO ty in eastern Mashin mashington glon once vohen hen at a the portage on the cummi lummi indian reservation across as he bay from Dellin ghant VV washington ashington the writer visited the of the give ghe aay dance hall A row of column posts each about pvc fet feet in diameter marked the site nothing else of UP ul U P great hall haji was left but a ridge of earth that thai marked the outer b boundaries daries of the building when intact on examining the columns he found that each post had a c carving arv on it fac ng the inside of the hall arid and that the carvings were lie he gies herewith a reproduction of these drawings he also inquald among the indians for an ex pinston of this totem toma and the following was slen olen him by bv wm McC mcclusky luzky the indian judge of the reservation I 1 hand come to him in a dream and saad your storehouses stoie elio houses uses trunks will always be full you will therefore give two more mere feasts than the tha average chief custom had established the rule that the ordinary chief should glie three feasts in a lifetime that Is feasts 0 of o the tha potlatch type so chief ahn me built ule the potlatch house ond and r calvd arv d his on its totem posts ile he then pawl gawl five fes fess fears s two more than the average the sun in the vision had commanded him simular drafting axe are round found in eastern ast em Cal usury cut on rock face one depicts epic ts the suu sm carrying two parcels surrounded by various animals the sun in this case w seem to represent a chief who is going to give two extra potlatches the animals represented being the totems cf the clans of the tribe invited to the feast A i ok iok carving at ozette on oil the pacific coat southwest st of the cape flattery washington at a drawing of A which is here given depicts a fish the halt half moon and the full liloon the position seeming to indicate that the fish is caught between the half and the full moon which was probably the meaning intended aa idock carvings at otie indian adage il lage on the aoam southwest of caps flattery 11 in nett lake near the indian village of the same n name nob I 1 tar far from orr minnesota tarpo there h is a small island known as P picture island 1 I d it Ls is low and its northern end I 1 eastern surfaces are polished rocks dipping into the placid water vater the oo lishing having ben done by glacial action during the ice age in hese sections its rocks are covered with crudely made pictography pictograph r h of human beings dance scenes and out nes of the animal gods wor shipped b the men who made the pictures th the e drawings seem to be bc simular to those at pipestone minneta minnesota which are known to hie been done by the boux S and the port fort Chip chipperas peNas in the nic ic inita sav san that their people did not make the rock pictures As to the purpose for which the drawings were made and made in such numbers it Is found trat the island has a hollow sound when one is walking orr it for which reason the chipp as ill it drum island believing it t to be the home of their deities for the gods are believed to live in a drum place putt the moi e they offer tob 0 find and articles of clothes and iad to them there they say the polished rock area is hollow benerth beneath and on walking Nial king oer it it gh es out i hicov drum lik like sound for chich reason it is c considered cidred by us Is is the home of our Ima mando nicla and ve ae go on it they drum to tell us we are on sacred ground to appease them and keep their good v will ill and to have our lles liles more happy ate e place medicine tobacco and smelling herbs in the acrel crevices ices and th hollow place in the rocks is cs an oi fering ln to them it is also er lieth that the original indians of the region had 3 pictography pictographs from island aest take lake Minni sot t 1 A rusl musi r ceiaa jan beating a drum 2 A hen 3 A fish 4 A mythical beast 5 1 A bird track a similar idea about alis tl Is island and that is why they drew the crude rel bious scenes on an the rock face it is a fat fact that in the old times and e een en now god and the tin hall ha a close relationship anong the indians of this northern country in the wd cud times there SUN el bared 31 of chief clia tre I 1 tso I 1 ile tl e I 1 am mi re rc n near ear BeP inam anas as hingson with a drawl draw lri ti of 0 abe tta snake of the marahs tin th ch cha bhame nl ets owe once owned tho dr ri rf itch etch holc at the pottage poi ln are h rines IngS on in te totem posts hoeq M is the sun car crying b a pawl of valuables in each hous and a ai a 0 drum was aravs left to td keep VP phang oftie anun to loose it was to the enmity of their god their reverence for the drum jim had in fluence no doubt in causing them to airship the daum place on this island arid and to honor it with ther their sacred drawings ahn asked about this island ond ind its some of the very oldest knedle ne nun hafe ha t ie i e this legend I 1 the first chippewa in ill the region came to pelican lake thru the vermillon pelican liver route from vermillion lake on arriving there the exploded it from picture island 11 car nett I 1 minnesota I 1 hiob ably a idolf or do 2 and 8 snaked 3 A stretched san 4 A duck bep as rising from the mater 5 A hird 0 A toma hwAk 7 A boman 8 A duck 10 A ica 11 A lizard M A na 13 IL mountain mountair moun tair ilon and on coming to what Is known Is as raimer johns landing near 4 t ts 9 ix western estern terminus mey found a little theom trem leading northwestward ard this the thea followed to its source and then after going over a little sandy knoll they came to the headwaters ateer of the little creek that flows westward thru the austrian homesteads to the northeast ibbe of nett lake then on coin coal ing in sight of that lake they re turned to pelican lake and word to the other indians of wha they had discovered after which U dal da s rest u was as taken then r large company of Chipp chippeway ewas pissed over oner this portage route to lake by m way ay of lost creek carrying their canoes nath them they had been canoeing only a few minutes in that lake when they came in sight of picture island and lo 10 it was swarming arming sl biti a multitude of beings that were mere half iea lion and half fish on their approach these thee became panic stricken and fleeing to the west s de of the island took to the water and aal sw swam am w with ith all speed across the lake ake and up a little creek thit leads eads southward ard reaching the head of this stream and still being pursued they dove doe do donn doan an into the bajt now forth from the place where they disappeared a site still held sacred by our ou af pf ople on coming to the island the cano emen paddled around it then by the track of the muddled muddied water they pursued the b blasts abts acrons the lake and up the areek rt epic tu the found v uh tye ore the earth had swallowed them up as though they had been caught in a net since then we have called the lake betor as sab a co na nett lake that is the lake with a net then when oual oui people had returned from the pursuit they found these pictography pictographs on the island they are the writ of those half sea lion half fish beings an int of this myth seems to be as follows the battle of elbow falls in the vermilion alion lake region to the eastward hadi had been fought between the P bois is fort or Chipp was and th thi sioux and nd the the a crushing defeat some time later the victorious cippes M crossed ol 01 ocr cr the portage bf between aten pelican and nett laes entering the bod boch of water bv way of the lost creek A party of sioux had gathered on picture island probably for protection on seeing the chippewa warriors in panic richin and fled across the lake southwestward and on up the little creek menti mentioned ored aich which is the head cf the oler land trail from nett lata to the bowstring bow pow string tring country i where no doubt the sioux fled the Chipp chippeway ewas pursued them to the head of the little stream wh where e it has its source in a number of bubbling springs rP rings that the pursued had had the earth swallow them up and that they v acre ere half va ea lion find and hal hall fish wa ano doubt anni ln anted to account for their brer lp tous fl and ar arce when the buhite hits people cime tr aberici they found the chino ft olbia ba wang bisin A a crude writing which had america been left te tc deeloy deel cip its on civilization civilisation in it lown 1011 vay ft ay voiad no doubt in time jave equaled tle tie marran can majo maio sl it if no them I 1 li no other tribes norin ot or me eco vas pie picture ture writing d developed to the adian advanced ced stage that it reach ed among them and the delawarek Dela wares this nis writing was mas I 1 fanora by the barks barkr of the region birch ik being the principal bark used and d clan winter and summer bummer counts number acu counts I 1 I 1 1 3 medic medicinal nal and songs t trl r bl bel history and myths and lodge rituals were probably inscribed and handed down fro k gentra generation tiou to generation geneia tion ont one old Medi cne man illan at nett lake Allne sota has ner doity soni song birch bark parchments parch ments arid and in ill singing from them lie he holds tl them cra beffie him much as we e do a book jha beant developed by the medicine fi flat eternity and one wonders N X the writing systems s steins of the world orld wele not thus nally begun while curio collector for the na tiomai tiona Mil eurn then NJ ool oria ia memorial Memo ilal lial museum of canada 19 09 1914 the writer obtained mini many birch arc h bark scrolls of the bols bois fort 3 drawing drawings s front from picture ijan nett lake minnesota I 1 A musician with ith som something thing like a borine with idith chich he be Is keeping beeping time 2 tte the feath feathered ertil lightning 13 3 A salamander 4 an A mythical mythi lacast beast 5 A wolf olf Chipp chippeway ewas of minnesota including migration tre treks from the atlantic ocean to the lake of the woods and rituals of the grand mod med cine lodge e and other ceremonies two of the parchments parch ments obtained are given herewith the lor long g lines indicates a paus in the hong bong while the indian equivalent fol PETE MARTINS A SONG j 1 Is the dluzon ahi alon line between zas F stanza 2 1 I am the daylight road 1 3 1 I come out cut on the ground to dance faun aun cl c no nd ke all ah king 4 1 I sing to god gm I 1 sing tc to god to vash ko a 3 ah v alt it aun ge mazi maji ne vy avy ah the meaning cf the athole stan z zi seems scorns to be 1 coro com out to sing and nd dance to my god in the early Zorn morning irig cond sto 5 I 1 stand eland on the te ground nannc nann nan n nc bo o ian ah king ing b t I 1 can scale on the ater n nc ilm alm i als ihas is the otter alerc B bal bah mah lma sl a aun au o n om mah ne ah bing nn 7 1 I can go in all vl gams I 1 rh the god that is ic kal ka ba yb ti in gay al ai cn 31 A 1 al 61 i yam ram I 1 8 ahn I 1 COT cor out I 1 bina m mn wi olf up n the 51 aks 5 rel bertins ank bak no 10 doliar to th sn sim s 1 cri as the dei y ard I 1 Is lauy daily cr ss rs rg the sk 1 a gohd leg deg geshick niam mam m mo ke nan an the cf this stanza ap pear abt to be r 1 am god I 1 am evera avei i P I 1 go into all wigwams Is I 1 jois avs the english translation in parenthesis 4 to 7 5 14 14 7 21 23 2427 21 AX ad 31 JOHN I 1 3 not all the illustrations bere herewith alth are used through the cf the ow lagner krei idec institute of sclena of venn penn FAR AMIt MEDICAL note A straight line is a mark used to indicate a long pause in the song each figure also a canaza in the song which both in puts pu ts and as a whole is often repeated 13 1 3 my truth Is long my words and truth are strong my heart is tue rue and my words and truth are strong A mah mash kc da a w rayj ay 4 the dance begins on this dl di viton vi ton everyone rising and ding diar ing manlio manlio manald 5 our M father why is he nl manlio orildo M manito to all he uses is his word and this makes him god alco ss se 21 3 4 7 10 Z 1 13 14 ja can float on the surface of thi the w rater ater I 1 A also ajo I 1 h he e in the sky above third stanza stans a 9 in the center of the erth cirth I 1 the home cf f our gods nah nah we cambic man ne do ve bah iah all 1011 10 11 we wala around repeated 10 aun no say ah nah nab king 11 wy no nc aa nan nah ah ah ang 12 1 I walk pon dos sav yah ne nr the meaning of this stanza is I 1 valk ue RC all walk on the ground but the home cf our manidok gods Is 5 in the center of ue U e eart cart i 1 fourth sid cl 01 i parchment 1314 13 14 1 I vailon all rep el ted mean ing I 1 the god am s walk ng about A rio no say aun r 1 the nr of this tanza stanza up ap rears pars to be the gods being will arg iri I 1 v vill ill 1 rat t I 1 m 1 irb ible I 1 the 0 gol 0 I 1 a w ils av 1 I lk ing about as g en i fifth feih Q S aia ana ref sil c parchment M 1 i val kalk bigit on A no say sal fun io 15 I 1 n hy ry IW bm bim say on 17 no IS 18 I 1 am iro ira md ind nenah nh king pai tro no tra tass yup yui the irne meaning aning ot of this stanza Is I 1 ELM god I 1 walk alk u att arc I 1 please IL I walk |