Show sto tory ry M apa Q va x f 0 4 inkuls fak P ce 0 ab rn ph ilja V 1111 Y 14 4 I 1 n I 1 i 11 ra 44 A coill r X ra q 0 C C il 3 ilk sixteenth century ce imury nap map of the th pacific pro Prepa arod roil by national society D 0 WW service dyff OIL than icare ago M ll 11 II 11 who to in credited with making the maps I 1 outlined estates along the nile river what would he think today it if lie walked into an automobile service station ballway station tourist bureau or airplane office and could take ills his pick of maps that would show him the best route to almost anywhere in the world probably tile the greatest spurt in the map making industry has been made in the last few centuries but in the great museums of the world there are many maps and charts that were crude but helpful freit inners of the cui clent work of varto raphers dodgy most alost fart famous ious of all early maps are those of the atlas or I 1 geography I 1 of claudius I 1 an eight volume work dating from about A D though lost to the world orld ct learn ing through gli the dark ages ptole my a books were later rediscovered one of the oldest manuscript copies was as found at mount athus and a reproduction niada made la in 1807 1867 Is on dig play in the library of congress at washington U D 0 six of his eight books consists of tablets of latitude and longitude for about 8 places in his remaining books ptolemy dig cusses cassea the stars mathematical I 1 lems e ins of geography the length of days the suns sun s course and differences in time at different places with his books are mops of 20 26 countries and one map of the NN world orld in its his colossal task ptolemy used all geographic lore that had ac cumulated to his time though crude and full of mistakes it was the greatest step ever made in pr present gt ing world gOo geography graphy in scientific fic form ills maps show how traders and adventurers had pushed the rim of the known world us as far north as the Shet lands and given size and 6 shape hape to the british isles more of the ale inai shown shonn and part of africa below tile the equator ahe indian ocean got a new and more accurate mapping bied tio doubt on notes brought by silk riders from the far fist road maps for crusaders Cru sadera to meet the needs of the cru flocking down donn tile the big highways hays of europe and into alia aia minor inor there de developed eloped a sort of pictorial roid map A good example in tile the Biltl Bilt lIi li museum Is a cope of a draw ing by a st SL alban monk matthew paris its crude pictures show the to dovra r along the route from london to jerusalem the mip limp of pal ial etine also slows the sea with ith ships carrying crowds of people china I 1 leibla ercla all had their part in early map science and vie fie arabs undoubtedly bor rowed from ptolemy yet it vas N as the arabs who when christian learning lagged in the mj and ninth centuries made the mastim port arit geographic advances printing which bich like the compass probably camp came to curole from th past had the same g il aric eject on map mailing as on othe arts Ptole mys IC now translated became so popular tint chrit it was vms to go through more than bufty editions columbus u used cd it despite its errors or hanl to them he accidentally found the new world which kiteli discovery ultimately set fill all civilization civilisation to re revising tsIng its ita inadi por for doades after the voyages of columbus derop seethed with excited rit and new ideis N when hen charles V rece received reveled led letters from corte describing the splendors of montezuma a court ath th its golden dishes as bit biff as carriage heels all spain was inas agitated when rims no 3 broke tint had bad caught an inca king and held him for ran som soil of a roomful of gold aquil to to 1 excitement was al most tin unendurable endurable all nations that build or borrow twits put to sen sea and twin mip making fou lolk 1 As the worlds true p attern took onal medieval maps with bunei anex elored areas decorated by sea ser penta mermaids wrecked galleons gal leons an ana d chubby angel faces blowing tua the winds began to tale fa lo 10 from use Merca tors great work gerhard Gor liard kremer known by his big latinised Latini sed ed name came of mercator ler cator was as among the first to break with thee theae 0 old id traditions famous inathe math matl ematt clan and cartographer ot of flanders lie he drew a world chart in 1469 OR the mercator projection which gave gane navigators a new and barer astern stem for plotting their courses by this projection idies i nes of catl tude lude and longitude are arc mathe mathebat mat leally spaced and draft n at right angles to each other on this grid sailors have merely to rule a straight lineas thier course and all to port because the earth is round this does not give the short est cst route beti between Neen two to pants but it does doea show the right I 1 bearing in hla time Alere mercator ator helped to change map making from an art into a science new and accurate instruments for measuring the ground were coming into use and slowly they led tile the way to to po graphic surveys mercator Merca tors s son rumold carried on his fathers father a map trade when rumold died his brother in law ju bocus leondius Ilond lion dius lus took it over the Ilon dius earth airth map of 1595 now in the british museum traces sir fran els cis drakes course around the w world orld duch map publishers put ushers lishers led the world in the seventeenth seventy Seven tenth anth century and the french in the I 1 I 1 A D trench rench scientist rolled a carriage NN wheel beel across the northern french plains to measure a degree are arc of the meridian in time came dan alile issuing a new map of hina china draw n by the jesuits in 1716 other map makers arose in germani m an england austria and erland no country Is so BO well surveyed as great britain no maps mapa anywhere are comparable cou cola parable for information hi d range of scale with those of its ord nance survey surrey early american maps before it the 1 e such auch maps ma ps 0 of f our country as were drawn dran mostly by those european Lur powers anao had col colonies onles here among such were nere the early spanish I 1 maps of ri rida the South southwest Nest and california also lannas law la enins avins map of the middle I 1 colonies in i america published in I 1 in 1755 hat has been called the most important map in united states his tory Is 13 that drawn drank n by dr john showing the french and british dominions in corth ailor ka ila after Corn cornwallis Nallis at York yorktown toNn and british diplomats met tho the americans americana at carls I 1 aria to frame the treaties of 1782 83 this map was vas used of it john adams wrote m rote IN e I 1 ad before us a variety of maps but it ats was the mitchell map upon which was vas marled marked out the whole boundary lines f the united states during diring the first half of the six century bulb amu spanish explore ers as cabba I 1 naca aca coronado de soto and othus had made crude maps of their routes route so had the french voyaging bov aging the great lakes and canoeing down donn the Vis mississippi alsippi dark clark of the lewis and clark expedition in isal Q made rt i map showing their route to and the north boundary of louls louis lana then in the upper basin later came zebulon pike the santa be tr friders iders and the beav or er trappers from st fc t louis r bonneville onne N VS alker fromont and others othera all shown on t rank brank bond a routes of the principal 1 i borers pub lashed by the united states lanu of lice flee in 1 after the war ar hipping ping of the united st stites ites particularly of the great nest est bean in eruest earnest directed by the neily cre rented ired lnla ed states geological survey long lon before that aid settlers the go eminent land office had done rinch much mapping often under contract ton tract and anc not always acu ac iurata rats |