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Show Oil Shale RedsHold BedsHold BedsHold Hold Nation'sFuture Nation'sFuture NationsFuture Nation's Nations Nation'sFuture ' Future ReserviProcess ReserveProcess Reservi Reserve Process of Extr ExtractionMay Extraction ExtractionMay tlon tlonMay May be Improved Improvea ImprovedAs ImproveaAs As War Needs IncreaseNow Increase IncreaseNow Now that our crude oil 011 reserves reservesa reserv reserva < a v " , t-illmated t illmated wtimated t - tlmated to be Just about 1times 15 15thnes 15times thnes times our annual consumptiontalk consumptiontalk consumptiotalk talk of oil 011 from other sources 18 Is Isstirring ; stirring again'Ihlte againThlte again againIhite Ihite 'Ihlte Ihlte Thlte ' other sources are shalltar shale , tar sands and coalSpokesmen coalSpokesmen coal coalSpokesmen Spokesmen for hhale bhale shale oil oU come comemo comemostly cornmostly mo mostly tlv from just west of or the con- con continental continental continental - tinental divide where untold bfl- bfl bfloarrels bll bllcarrels - carrels oanels oarrels ol of oil 011 lie He impregnated impreg- impreg impregnated mipregnated - nated In great stretches stretahes of or 011- 011 oil- oil 011bel.f1ng oilbe&ring oilbering oilbearing - bel.f1ng belf1ng bearing & ! . shaleThe shale shaleThe The trouble of course la 18 is get- get getting getting getting - ting It out of the shale cheapl cheaply cheaplyl cheaplyt l t . ough to compete with present presentl presen.n presenn ( l ( . .r1 r1 . n d tie de ( ' oil 011 price6But pricesBut pricea price6 prices priceaBut But the ; shale chale oil oU people are areI areIckt arlicki Ickt I ) ( kl g ahead Th They y say we ought oughtto oughtto oughto to guard against aga1Pst letting petroleum petroleumbourct'S petroleumsources petroleurbources bourct'S bourctS sources ' get Into the same n fix " that thatwe thatwe thawe we did with rubber tin and zincwhen zinc zincwhen zinwhen when the war caught usSo us usSo So 80 they argue we should start startnow startnow starnow now to develop extraction of oil oilfrom oilfrom ojfrom from shaleThey shaleThey shale shaleThey They re among the first towarn twarn to towam wam warn from experience that thatworking thatworking tha thaworking working up to an economicallarge economical economicallarge economicalarge , large scale operation of mining miningretorting miningretorting miningretorting retorting and refining renning Is going tibe tobe to tobe be a long slow blow processThe processThe process processThe The Idea Is to provide 1 An AnE'mergency Anemergency Alemergency E'mergency Emergency ' source of oil 011 In war wartime wartime wartune time In case something shouldhappen shoul shoulhappen should shouldhappen < happen to cripple pre present ent . < ; produc production production productlon tion 2 A post war source of or oU oil oUready oilready oUready ready developed and tested to towork towork t twork < work Into production as 8.8 88 . presentsources present presentsource'i presensources source'i sourcei sources ' gradi gradl grads ally become exhausted exhausted exhaust exhausted edContinued edContinued ed ( Continued on Page Four ) - - Eyes of Nation Turn to toshale toShale Shale Deposits for Oil 011 01.1 Oilli 01.1b . li Ir b ei p f ' l I f ' ( - am < in taee i f nee nge ne npThe ) 'TIll TIll T1)e T1e ' ) ' " shale "hall hall ' oil idea L Ls < ; not new newI newii new11 I ii I c I e ' Sotch Jotch < : have hl\ve hl ve \ been bt b < en ! : Retting f'ltlng fltlng getting ' oU oil oUt oilt oilt t . f shale "hall hall " ' for years ) } ears eRr < ! but undei under tinder underIf tinderat If at favorable favoT blt ' conditionsF conditions F r 25 tears \ ' ears t'aT taT ' > rf"ldt'n rfldtn residents ' " ' ts of Utah ( ] li II c rado and ru1d Wyoming whereI where I 1 I hi 1,1 11 kl , ts is I . . , sav ilV ' > the biggest c I ' ncentrntloi ncen neen ncenmUor neentratior mUor tratior ! of shale 'Ihale Ihale ' exist exlst have havl ' triedt triMI triedi triM tried i ! fli fir d a \ way I\Y I Y \ to ta gel get ( ret oil 011 from their1 theirI theirt their I I t s \ il 1 I on cart a paying pRying ba,1s ba1s basis ba,1s'TIlt basisT7se basisThe . , 'TIlt TIlt T7se ' ' gi g1 gt : vemment vf'rnment vfrnment vernment ' bureau of mintsI mlnt'iI mlnt'it minest mlnt'i mlnti mines ' I t lnt last Inte < ( the thl ' picture In 1926 with withI withn I ' n t a ( xpt riemental pr < < ( Ject je-ct je ct - but byn by 1 1'1 11 ' ' ) q 9 < ) had hl\d hl d \ closed dOtit'd dOtitd ' It down In theI thel'antlmE theeantlme the theeaiitime I ' eai-itime eai itime l'antlmE lantlmE eantlme - ' the navy reserved reservt'd reservtd ' larg-esl larg esl largeSt large - I I"I "I I St " nip Rlf ale " fields rteld.s rtelds . for poslble J5lble posible p < future use ust useThe use'I1ue " The 1111 'I1ue I1ue ' ' ' difficulties dlmculUes dtfncultles found In thetest thf the thetest " test Jerlod i eriod erlod have havf ' changed littlE Mille littlet " 1 p e ( ' > experts say there aN are arcl 1 I Location X'aUon XaUon ' The big btg deposits depo.lt depolt . . < ; are arelr areis areli II lr is lorthwesten orthwesterr I r orthVl f'iten fiten " ' Colorado south southn 1\0I1 1 0I1 \ ! h hn n Wvomli Wvomlr Wvomia K R g and northpAKt north"lUil northlUil noriheast4 " nl rn rnI m\ m mtat nlIl \ I latAll tatAll tat lat -All All - All in relatively relallvely wild andk and andt andl\plped andl plped k ! t ( s \ 1"1 11 el " pt"d ptd sped ) " country Il 2 Heavy eq f J ' < llpment Ilpmt'nt Ilpmtnt dpment ' Is l'i li ' rpq req ilrpd IIrl'd IIrld tired ilrpdit IIrl'dlr tiredII ' it lr II eluding lludlng iiuding much iron and steel 'ItN'1 ItN1 ' ' for forI fora : t I a 'Ihtip shalt ' sh 'Ih Ih tip lp has hu < ; to be bt- bt - bti i > stripped lrlppf'd lrlppfd ' from fromi ' i 1 I p I e " earth ' part I'l\.rt Il.rt I'l Il .rt rt \ . li h co 1'0 10 ' < < kM1 ked ke < l In retorts rl'tort'i rltorti rrtortc ' ' to ex exc exact exi \c c \ ict act ! , ( 11 II \ after I\ft"r I ft"r ftr ( " trip the t hf ' n at flm lint ( Ini Ing begins be beKins begins Kins gins 3 1 Most Mo"t Mot . " of tl tip p e sl st alp IIII ale ' yields yll'ld yllld ' < ; aboutBO about about6o 80 6o J ler p f'T fT > ' < 'r r ' rf'n rfn cent ' t . a-sh a sh a'Ih aIh ash - ' after the U1f > oil 011 iskpd iskid Is Isked ked kpd kid 0t 01 0\ 0 of \ t so 1m that the till ' disrx dtspa ll < < ; pt ' > sal ill of ofal ofI tl al 111'1 1111 Is ' ash ash ah " , Is a big problem probll'm probllm ' In ItsI Its 14 1 I 4 4c 4me c < : ' ' me sovemmp g'ovE"rnmf govErnmf governme g'ovE"rnmf1 ' " ' it \1 1 \ I c ( fficlnis frkll\lq frkll lq fficlnlc \ n w wr wT wr r T tluit th.11 th11 that . . sttialp dhale aJe 1 1 I prjllt pr x\ x ) ( xU xtw \ ' U d In Bt Bttr InI &ln ln & \I I tr \ t compete with ordtnar ordinary ordinal " } } en cn deale dp df de ' " tip ale tl I ' latter rp rl mutes ' M 1 es t ' < ; i pricef prkp price prkpfir fir f I h r bably $5 5 E5 $ per r barrel barrt'l barrtl ' Th 1'hl 1hl ma 1'hln man ' ( n w \ L Ls Is " ore 01 OJ e I ' 1 iIlar iIlarI 11lar ) illarI 11larI I t ii o ates at1 ! " ' of DIP Use IP < ; si sa \ \ II I l I 1\ 1 h Is 1f \ f i 'ihale ihale shale ' shaleil 'ihaleII shaleII II are ' staggering 'ItaRgl'rJnl't ItaRglrJnlt ' ' The " go govern governe ( ro\emP ro emP \ . em emI I e ' 1 t I estimated esthnated In 1929 that therew there w \ > , c I ( a tt t < { tal of 92 billion bll1lon bllllon barrelsP barrelse barrelsPpnbp barrels f e ' \pnbp pnbp Serlble \ f"r fr " I bit ) ' In the " United UntR ! l < Stau States Stalesf Statesf > < ; f tt U ( Ms Is 75 billion bllllon are lite in Colorado Coloradoah Coloradonh ah ( \ h Wyoming Wvomlng area the .hI hI ! . ' rest rf'It rfIt rf'ItIe " ' ' altered attered at rf"d rfd " in Kentucky Kentuck . ) Indianacnns Indiana IndianaI'nn'l Indianarnnsylvsnla I'nn'l Innl rnnsylvsnla ' ' } lvania hsnla and California CaliforniaWI CaliforniaWt CaliforniaWl Ie WI Wt at thl this means mean ' can be put thisi thist thisa this t a Prom From 1859 to w 1941 lIHl the Un Unf"1i Unxi Uned ( f"1i f1i " xi c " ; Ates cotes .at at . " . , produced product'd productd ' 25 bUUon billion billionvfaLs billionirreLs bUUonq q vfaLs trf'Ls trfLs ' of o1 crude rrudl ' oil But the Ihe ratewe rate rate"e rateae "e e ae " are an- an annow - now using usinft ; ts is Indicated by byhe byhe byhe he fact flK't flKt ' . that a third of this wasodllcffi was wasoduc --odllcffi odllcffi cduccd - oduc ) < tl between betwet"n betwetn " 1936 193fi 1938 and IM1Getting 1941 1941Getting Getting tt1ng gasoline gollnt g- g ollnt - . ' out uut of 01 coal . , hg llg a i t I r it 11 at ral rail RIS gas 1 ' " n II a 'll ll v " ' vi ( lies lees l.s ls ' . two t\\o t o tao twot taot tott \ t tt t < ( u 11 1 I pxppi expl'l expll expo ' l\o l o 1\1 1 sae \ ' l J 1 loce iocesses iocessesIt icx-esse1 icx esse1 - < ; . 'iI'I iII ' ' ' II 11\11 11 It \ ( sal \ ( 1 11I 1-x 1 x 11/ 11 1x / - i li r h ! C ( ' ern I'm Im t \ TlI\ TlI Tin TlI11f Tl \ ( \ 11\\f 11 f lave lavealso 1 \ a\ealso a ealso \ ' R'O RO also ] " ' boon ol'n oln been ' ( ' i 1 t sed "I'c Ic Bed " ' ! ir lr it F Fi Fl ) plan gl\n gl n glan ] \ 1 ! FrailI'I FrailII France Franceair Franceini ' ' I IIII III air 1 I t l 1\ 1 1J s \ I J 1 qlln aI > | an i 1 ) Mand Ml\nd Ml nd Manih \ iri Irl inl i t \ iThp tThe Thp The fl first fiat t process prorf'SS prorfSS ' yields yield , > tin tht that bet bett KfI KHS Rats ' " ll 11 II t ( 75 ( ccta cta a . < B Bit Bat It tt It In Inohl Invoiles in\ol\ps in ol ps \ohl ohl voiles \ \ ' < ; big plants plant'l plantl ' with l I eavy t"II.VY tII.VY tIIVY envy " . mftchli machh m mach h hIr Ir h PI-V PI V 1'1 11 en ' > - to 10 Ret get coal clianged chungI'd chungId changed ' over1 overI over I 1 " MI 1"11 111 ca ir Ie Ic 11li 111Ir 111\ 111 all > 11\ 11 \ ' , li Ir h t4 t I < crudt cnldl cnadt oil 011 This TI1L'I TI1LI ' L'I LI Ls L'IIII Lsat Lsa ' III at ( c I ' 111 a 11 rl [ ILsl IL'II ILII lLsl ' 1'1 11 c e ' 1 t by very high pre.s pres pressure pressur . sure < ; UfW a II lid r d lemptraturl temlxraturts tempt ratuns ' > under underwhl underwill underwin whl will h ixvpen xsgcn lX'r lXr ) ' I'n In ' is 1'1 11 ' rem ved VE"d " and hyIrogpi hy by hyIroRf'1 byiroger IroRf'1 IroRf1 iroger IroRf'1I1Jt ' inj \I1Jt I1Jt uaJa \ < t I ted 'd d ' d by mixli mlx1 mlxia ! n I g { c I ' alwill R al alwith ] wi with II cn catalystThe cntilyst catalyst cntilystTlip t tlY'i1 tlYi1 tlY'i1TI1 ' Tlip TI1 The TI1t'I ( ' \t'I t'I tI \ veil ' ] 1 I 1 is < ; \ atx I\b I b alai < it II a ton toss of { gas 11\'i 11 'i i \ ' ( 11111 < lln has fr n II f ir If it or five ft\p ft p \ U b t n-s n s n'i ni ass - . ' of highvr high highr highgr \r r gr \ { : 1 I 101\1 101 1 tool 1011TI toolTi < oa \ 1 1Tl Tl TI Tisec " ' SPC sec 1'1 11 ' ' n 11 1 ! 1 procf process > < ; s requires rf'Qulres rfQulres ' less lessni lessID ni I < ( Ir (1 1 1 } li \r r h \ ' cry f'TV fTV ai al at d cm 1'111 1111 car ' be bf > used ed In to tosn In'In 'In In sn ' n\'r n 'r r alter ] \ { ' II 11 i 1 ints wt'i wti ants ' the tht ' pxperts experts ; sav ol\Y ol Y say \ It It'I1'i itsec Itsps 'I1'i I1i sec ' ' ' a s u < , ( < lid an 1 I \ therefore therl'fore therlfore ' simpleratnl\ simpleratnl simpleratnlt Impler simpler simpleratals . , atals ' \ t ar fir at 1 ylelds > } lelis Ields ( about a . ton wn of of'i'i 'i'i ii 55 ' ' > ' ' > > ( vtiip stare I IJ \J J \ f ' )0 0 ) low " grade ga gasoline gasolinefr Ol\n1 Ol n1 ' > \ ' fr r 11 a \ " , six Ix r ' seven 'ieven ieven tons wns of coalThL coalThLs coal coalThLs ThLs ThL < ; second 5"Clmd 5Clmd ! " process rOCt-'I rOCt 'I I J > ' ' - ' aLso a1 . O ' > will.l willl wl1lI willI wl1l will . I r xl d icp WI ice ' gas line lint Ilnc " from nat not nl\ nl nltlral \ tlral iral trail gasRt gl\s gl s gas glsIRt gasat \ at n t tstlmatcd tstlmated < ; tlmal'd tlmald , { ' co cost t " which "hlch hlch would wouldI wouldlac wouldtec glsI I IRt I lac f'C fC ' II n ne I e ' economically I'conom1ca\Jy I'conom1ca Iconom1ca Jy ' \ c r mpetltlvet mpetltlveI m\X'tltlvl m X'tltlvl Xtltlvl mpetltlve \ ' ' I- I - IJ I , i J t i put 1'111 1111 east ' men mf'n mfn ' figure flguT/ flguT flguTIf / ' If thl the thenarks thenark ' I Inarkt narkt narks < t price prlcl ' of crudp crude cruct " il II r rr ( achpstb achf's achfs aches achesits ' ! 11) 11 its ) ( < t i $ " ' ) ' ppr IWr- IWr J IWrbarn > < r - barn 1 1I I II I | I It I t 11 l iKKPst iggest gf'I1 gfI1 ' ' kn awn ) wn r serv 'Ier\ 'Ier Ier sent 'Ierf ' \ . ( < f t all oil allIr oilIa oilli Ir Ia tl it e f a ' "orldIt'd " world "orld orld \ lied \It'd It'd Itd ' In thl ( lie tie ' tar tRr < ; . sands .and'l .andl andl sandsf .and'lI .and'lf ' I f f A 1 nbfi-ska nbfi ska abn'Ika abnIka aixacka . _ - ' regic rl'Rle rlRle regl ' ( n Canala Cana Cans ill Ia Anywtprt Any Any"I Anywl "I I wl " I'll Ill era ' from frorn 100 to ! o 250 billion bl/llon bl llon / barrels bar barrel'l barrefs rel'l rell refs ' t f 011T1 oilTI oil 011 oilTl Tl T1 TI t a < total crude cnldl ' c ( II/ II IIdl"loerr'l 11 ll / dl"lo\err'l dl"lo dllo err'l errl distosertt dlsco\prfsof dlsco prfsof dl"loerr'lof " \ ! ) s ' sof of all al\ al alt \ t time 1mI ' throughout t1 tl tip e 'w w \ w ' . rl I t Iart tare 1are art are ' c ( ' nsldered n'ildl'rt nildlrt nslders'd nsldersd ' ' " < ' not to exceed < , xref"d xrefd " 81Ibilll 81I 81bllli 81 Ill Illhtlli I bllli htlli n H barrels barrelsI barrelsFa I | h Fa P < r a q larter lartf'r lartfr tarter ' of a cent cpnl ir\ ir II art irCana > \ Can Cana a lla 111\ 111 ha 1111 \ 1 ) is s < ; II ic i 1 I I c > e < ' ' been Ix'f'n Ixfn ' thinking aboi 1\001 1 001 abot \ tIt t ttt ttl tt It L rich storehouse 'Itorl'h01l'i Itorlh01li ' ' ' < ' of petrolei petmlf'1 petmlf1 iwtmlet ' mI m mIYl mto IYl to > ) ) ( < > 7 i r s < ; of protects pmtects pro IffL'i IffLi ' have ha ve betnstir-IP betnstir IP Ix'01 Ix01 ' being beingstnOc stnOc < ; t'lnf'1 tlnf1 ' - ' I 1 tfi to get the tht ' oil all I tutRest cut tut cutResi ut utRest Resi Rest Its It'i Iti ' < ; seem eem to add Up to this thisThe thisThe thisThe The oil aU can be separated from fromthe fromthe fromthe the hard white whlt4 , sand In which Itlle It It11M itlies 11M lies < i tf\ tf by tfsuch b \ . such simple processes asboiling asboiling as asboiling boiling or Infusing tnfw.1ng tnfw1ng . with steam An Anoil Anoil 011 oil with wtth a very heavy OOse---50me OOse 50me base--some base some basesometimes OOse50metimes base - - - sometimes times resembling resembltng asphalt asphalt-lo asphalt lo asphalt-Ls Ls - - Is ; yieldd yielddYet yield yieldId yieldad Id ad IdYe adYej ( Ye Yet Yej the thf ' fields tleld.s tlelds . are so "Tar Tar " " north northIn northhas northin In has such cold desolate and remote remote re | mote regions that . It has not 1"t 1t yet 1"tbecome yetbecome ) ' " yetbecome become feasible ft'uible ftuible ' to exploit them ona on ona " a commercial cornmerclal ba&ls bals bad ba&s-desplte ba&s bas desplte & - & despite new newschemes newschemes | schemes are an > ' advanced ad\1U1ced ad 1U1ced \ " f'requenlly frequenlly frequently f'requenllyInvolving frequentlyinvolving ' frequentlyInvolving Involving claims cla1ms of new cheapBalancing cheap cheapprocesses cheapprocesses.Balajicing cheapprocessesBalajicing processes . . Balancing what Ls Is known of pre s " 1 ( t l r it Ip jl ' ' l 1 J I a < { h a i t i tI tlfP tlfPlrsvblhtlaS ( ) < ppvssibllitif lrsvblhtlaS [ 1.1UIlI11l 11UIlI11l . ) . . s " f r hilt Ott tt h a- a at - , . t fr hr n ns1 nsl s1 < ' 1 1\ 1 \ al 1I I il II it bi Ul bt i a li II b K g gIl'l gIll 1 I ci c ' ( il II it I tl I esituati f e " esltuati ltul\tI ltul tI sltuati , > \ a ) I ( itll 1111 till (1 1 t ( l \ 1 I l Il'lnr K g " Keinr \einr einr \l'lnr l'lnr llnr serer \ ' tid I II Ii I I a I l Ix 1) 1 to ) ( ll II at t 1 J wi wa \ I t ( R < ( thisIt thi-s thi s this thisIi th L - ' > Ii It ' spitt 'ipltl ipltl split f ft tI t ! ) f r t I t hit hat v w . wWag v . ; . .Wi Wi . Wag f ! : . ag l I K I t > WIl wi wa tl ! 1Ihl'l 1 I |