Show L GALLEON w I 1 K v 1 4 L 7 r am NN 1 I F R 7 ky tj poll ILI J C alt Z foj A 2 1 sk M AU k ca axy 0 aw 4 oy JOHN DICKINSON SHERMAN which ilic 11 this tills bear a ie is celebrating tho tile devent fifth anniversary of its admission to the tile union saw a long buc succession cession of flags before the vlast ping visa run up to stay over ever old monterey and many nn an early romance of pence peace and war was wax enacted off its coast in the waters of the mysterious bier du sud suit columbus reached spain in 1493 1403 with the news of hie tits discovery of the tile west indies thereupon pope alexander VI issued hie tits null of demarcation dividing oil all lands to be discovered between spain and portugal in 1400 1490 vasco da gaina doubled the cupo cape of good load hope and reached india in 1513 balboa crossed tho tile isthmus of panama and took possession of the tile ocean in 1521 magellan sailed through the tile strait named after sifter him blin and named the ocean marc mare pacificus Pacific um lie also discovered lie philippines and his its follow ers coin completed plated the circumnavigation of the globe thus vos somo some of the tile mastery surrounding the tha south sea cleared up thereupon all europe was possessed of a desire dire to reach the indies by balling through north amer lea coatreal Cor treal professed to have palled pulled through a north of labrador in 1500 his tills vaunted die tits caery covery appears on me earliest corll cst mops maps as ns alluin it was reported 1019 that juan de yuca had sailed from frow the north pacific to the atlantic and so on cortes caries conquered mexico 1519 al he ile immediately made plans to send a fleet to the tile spice islands alch which hl ch he be bel belleek leed lay in the pacific just junt beyond tile he setting sun he ile sailed away to spain in 1540 anever to t 0 return to new sanin viceroy mendoza took up the work and sent villalobos 1642 to make a conquest of tho the philippines he lie failed but after seven years of fighting the spaniards became established in the tile islands thereupon tho the king of spain set up a traffic between america and tho the philippines every year the manila galleon set out from acapulco mexico for the philippines if it carried much silver the staple product of or mexico it was exchanged fop for goods the westbound west bound galleons were ivere carried directly across the pacific by the pr prevailing evall wind the return voyage add to be made far to the northward the round trip took the better port part of a year england among other nations paid not the slightest attention to pope Alexan alexanders dees dull buil at 0 demarcation francis droke drake for example after looting and nud rupturing treasure ships on the spanish main m went ment ent adventuring on the pacific lie ile av snooped cooped dou down n upon the tile american coast in the golden hind ilind stuffed ills his hold with booty and returned to england by way of the philippines and the indies to bhide his loot ditl ith queen elizabeth and receive knighthood at her tier hands in the tile ery cry acar of the spanish armada sir thomas caen ca en dish the pacific coast ton towns na of mexico and even succeeded in ill rupturing the manila galleon in 1741 commodore george anson amson of at tho the british nav natured the manila galleon off the philippines now commodore anson had bad quite nn an interesting time in ill capturing the galleon the histories barely mention it but fortunately commodore ansons chaplain chapIn ln walter 31 A had a taste fo for r writing tind left us a fairly complete story of the tb I 1 onge ouge it that the manila co mmerLe was wag pro aided with three or four stout ships that in case of accident the trade might not be suspended the marilen galleon sek sail malt from manila about july and arrived at acapulco Ico in the december january or february following the return voyage took from march to june these manila galleons were tere t ere large ships for the times about the size of a first rate british manof war ar they were of the burthen of at twelve hundred tun and and usually carried from 0 to COO CAO brinds an passengers included with fifty odd guns tile galleon captured by anson was the tile nostra signora ae de Cab adonga she was commanded ly by gen don heronimo dc de montero she was much larger ansons centurion having aw 50 men and 80 36 large 1 guns the british vessel had aboard hand of which aich nearly 30 were boys bhe carried CO 60 suits guns the old prints reproduced reproduce show anson the battle and acapulco the manila galleons were ere au all the property of the bine ling of spain the com commanding genera general carried the royal standard of spain at the malu main topgallant masthead the trade was not laid open apen to nil the inhabitants of manila but was as confined by very particular regulations th employed therein were wore round found by th the 30 kins of bhain who paid the tho officer and nd ere crew and the tun tunnage naffe wim divided into a certain num ber of or wesa bale all of 0 the same size theme were distributed amongst the con convent venta at but principally to abo th an a a Ao donation nation for th the support eup port of their missions mia alone for toe the propagation of 0 th Cat bolick failla and these co had a 14 8 re kv f r rajo 0 na M N ni right to embark uch such quantity ot of good goods on board the manila hip ship ae as the tunnage of their b balea I 1 amounted to or if they chuse not to ba b concerned conar n d in trade themselves they had the power of selling ibis privilege to othere others the galleon her tier cargo on board generally weighed wel ched from the mole of cabile the port of manila Alanl ln in july taking advantage of the westerly monsoon to blow her tier out to sex the waters to the south of luzon were troublesome and it vas often toward tho tile end of august before she got through san bernardino and clear of the land then she stood away to the northward of the east easl in order to get into the tile latitude of 30 odd degrees there he expected to get a westerly wind before which to run away for the coast of california under instructions from the king the captain had to turn to the cast east as soon as the west wind was encountered the discriminating render reader has doubtless doubt lesi already asked himself this tills question with hands bands aboard and the voyage lasting at least elx six months how did the galleon get fresh water walter says indeed their method of procuring it was wits extremely singular and deserves a very particular recital heres his tits recital when the manila ship first put to sea they took on board a much greater quantity ot of water than could b be towed stowed between decks and the th jar jars which contain it were hung all about the shrouds a and nd fay stays so an to exhibit at sit a di distance stanco a IL very odd dd appearance yet it la is sufficiently obvious that a six or even a three months tore store ot of water could never be stowed in a ship so loaded by any management whatever and therefore without some om other supply this navigation could not hae bae been performed in abort their only method of their water waa was by the rains which they mt meet with be bo tween the latitudes of 30 and 40 degrees north and which they ther were alway always prepared to catch vor for this purpose they took to aea rea with them a great number oc of mats which they placid against the gunwale whenever the rala rain descended thee these mate mats extended from one end of the ship to the other and their lower edges rested on a large allt split bamboo so that ill ell the water which fell on the mats drained into the he bamboo and by this thin as an a trough was coave convened con veed ed into a rp jor and this method of supplying their water however ac acol dental and extras extraordinary ordinary it may at first arst appear was never known to all fail them the spaniards cre nere exceedingly cautious with the manila galleon gu lleon tacy beer carried the main sail ball at night and any excess excessive he breeze was an excuse to lie ile to so the galleon slowly floied along before the steady westerly wind keeping her tier latitude luti tude in the course of time a plant floating on the sea the vast beds at 0 kelp along the california coast on the first discovery of the tile plant the whole alilis company chanted a solemn te deura deum esteeming the difficulties difficult leb and IMA hazards of their passage to be at an end thereupon the tile general gradually edged in toward ard the california coast there nere no pueblos presidios dlos and missions mIss lons along the california Cat fornia coast in those day days but the missionaries had established a station near cape san lucas at the southern extremity of lower california and the general kept sharp lookout for the signal fires of the tile missionaries if the tile fires told him hlin the const was clear of at pl pirates rates the general and ills tits officers ent ashore tor for the made a it vine mine that was highly esteemed teemed eis hack back aboard ship hie tile general shaped ills 1118 course for cape corrientes Corr Corri lentea entes on the tile mexican coast coasts from which he lie coasted wasted along to acapulco acapulco ico in those days had a good harbor but the town was vas a wretched place it waa destitute of fresh water and was uns almost deserted except at the tile time ot at tho galleons galleon ji arrival and sany then it was crowded by traders from all parts of mexico the galleons cargo as unloaded with all possible haste she he was made ready for the thet return voyage quickly as the kings orders required her sailing salling except in tune time of dire emergency before f ore april 1 the galleon upon leaving acapulco ico steered for the latitude ot of 13 or 14 and ran on that parallel with a fa favoring oring wind till he lie got sight of the laland island of guam on which fires were kept burning ej cry night during jane june by the small spanish gap gar rison having taken on water the galleon then stood away directly for the island of samar in the philippines if there were no danger tennis signals on cape espiritu santo ho be then headed for Ca cuilte bite etwas it was in january of 1742 that anson approached the west est coast of mexico he ile had sailed from england in september ot of 1740 for the purpose of attacking spain in her distant settlements the two nations being at war mar his fleet consulted of two british men of warthe war the centurion ct 0 guns and the gloucester so 50 guns there vert also three captured spanish vessels es sels had altien armed ansons expedition had been fairly duj he ile had plundered and burned palta on tle chilean coast had looted several thousand pounds sterling in silver and had destroyed several vessels now he was bent on intercepting the manila galleon to make this part of the story short the galleon got into acapulco ico before anson ar arrived riveL he did not know of her arrival and in scouting for information one of his boats was wag seen so the galleon did not sail sull as usual for manila and anson had many a weary week of vain waiting then he planned to intercept the 1743 galleon on ltd its way home so april of that year found him at ma macao mocao cao he ile sailed april 19 from that port giving out that he was nax bound for java and thence home instead he lie shaped bla his course for cape santo where he lay in wait he ile thought it likely that there would be two tuo galleons in company but that did not scare him lie ile harangued his men who replied with cheers and expressed their determination to succeed or perish whenever the opportunity presented itself 16 tills showed grit all nil wound inasmuch as anns fleet had now been re reduced to the centurion which was only half manned for a month the tile centurion lay in wait off cape espiritu I 1 SPI ritu santo finally after sifter the crew had about given ghen up hope one galleon appeared rostra nostra signora de Cab adonga when the centurion was within a league tit spaniard hoisted her colors and brought to under topsails top sails she knew it was hie the centurion and was ready to fight it out anson sent thirty of his tits best befit marksmen into his lops tops he lie had not crew enough to man ills lie guns in the regulation manner so he placed only two men to each sun un on the lower tier it waa was their business to load the guns the rest of hia his gunners he lie divided into gangs of ten men each these gangs moved about the decks and ran oat out and rind fired tile guns as fast as they were ere loaded tended this resulted in a more or less constant alre instead of broad broadsides sides which proved a distinct advantage in asmuth as the spaniards were accustomed to he lie down don when they saw a broadside being prepared and und stay prone until it was fired early in the action anson alison overreached over reached the wal gal leon lean and lay on her tier bow baw in more roode modern trL parla parlance neb he lie got where here he lie toulu could rake the spaniard shots f from rain the centurion set on lire fire the mats with which aich spaniards had stuffed the netting of the galleon the tile ibanies blazed up half as ns high us as the ien ten top and for a time it looked as if it the galleon mith ith all her treasure would be bur burned veil but dut the bailors nt tit last in cutting the burning waga loose when ihen it fell into the tile sea the centurions hopmen acquitted themselves gloriously driving the spaniards froin the gal leons tops and making prodigious gavock with their small arms 1111 tilling ing or wounding every officer but one that ever appeared on the quarterdeck quart erdeck con gen don de montero Al ontero was we wounded early but fought his ship for an hour finally he w as no longer capable of exerting thereupon he bad had the royal standard of spain lowered and surrendered rendered ur thet manila galleon commodore anson amon found on board 1313 a pieces of 0 eight and ounce ounces of virgin liver silver |