Show AV A 11 WA P aw a cw 5 7 W N U by ELMO SCOTT WATSON DEN and what la Is indian summer suin mer here Is a case indeed where doctors disagree for there tire are many theories theas as aa to the origin of the name the reason for it an and the time when it occurs most people will agree upon the fact that it means a period of warm weather in one of the three months of september october or november and chilt it Is characterized by three peculiar elements ky by a warmth greater titan preceding days or weeks by tranquillity of tile the atmosphere mo sphere and by smoke and haze but when an attempt Is made to predict a definite time for the appearance of indian summer then divergence of opinion begins consult the diction dictionaries arles and you will find that one such authority the Stant standard says A period of warm dry calm calin weather in late autumn with hazy atmosphere hut but noah webster goes into more detail as follows indian summer in the united states a period of warm weather we ither late in autumn usually characterized by a clear sky anti and by a hazy oi smoky appearance pe arance of the titino sphere especially near tile li orizon the name Is derived from the custom of the indians to use this time in preparation for winter by laying in stores of food or from their belief that it is caused caused by a wind blowing directly from tile the courton court of tile the southwestern god however ho he expands upon the theme by giving two quotations one from freeman and the other from the national in regard to this season tile alie first quotation front from freeman Is as aa follows the southwest la is the pleasant cst est wind which blows in ill now new england in th the e anon month th of october in par particular ticul ar aft after er the frosts which commonly take place at the end of september it frequently produces two or three weeks of fair weather in which the air Is per transparent and the clouds which float in the sky shy of purest azure ar are adorned with brilliant colors this ch charmlin a aming season la is called the indian la ummer a name which Is derived from I 1 the natives who believe that it Is in caused by a wind which comes immediately from the court of their great and benevolent god t or the southwestern god the explanation from tile the national also Is based upon an aboriginal custom it says the short season of pleasant wea weather ther occurring about the middle of november Is called the indian summer from the custom of the indians to avail themselves of this delightful time for harvesting their corn it Is a bland and genial time in which the birds insects and plants feel a new creation the sky in the meantime Is generally filled with a haze of orange and gold intercepting the direct rays raya of the sun burl yet possessing enough ot of light and heat to 10 prevent sensations lons of 0 gloom or ch chill III while the nights grow sharp and frosty and the necessary fires give cheerful rhe erful forecast of the social winter evening near at hand so here are two authorities disagreeing on both the time one says october and the other november of nf indian summer and the reason for the nnnie perhaps the earliest known reference to the term was that ninda made fly by a frenchman st john crevecoeur in 1778 when lie he was living at pint pine hill orange county N Y in an essny A snow storm as it affects the american farmer printed in 1782 he called Sati sauvage vage a free translation of which would be indian sum mer in this essay he said after the fall of leaves but before any snowfall comes a rainy period great rains at last replenish the springs the brooks tile the swamps and impregnate the earth then a severe frost succeeds which prepares it to receive tho the voluminous coat cent of snow which la Is soon to follow though it Is often preceded by a short interval of smoke and mildness called the indian summer this Is in general Invariable the rule winter rs is not said properly to begin until these few ro moderate days and the rising of the waters have an bounced it to man the origin of the term which la Is most widely known occurs in a book printed several years later than essay this was dr joseph Dodd rIdges notes on the settlement and indian wars of the western parts of virginia and penn lenn sylvania syl vanla from 1703 to 1783 1 doddridge traces the alie term back to early colonial times when indians indiana still were a menace to the backwoods settlers all during the summer settlers in in the more harassed sections had to live behind stockades in constant dread of indian raids when the chill blasts of winter came on everyone breathed a sigh cf f relief no longer would the indians attack the severity of the winter would prevent that danger dancer the hemmed ln in settlers now took to the open going coln to their log cabins outside with the joyful feeling of men released from prison it sometimes however that the welcome inclement weather gave way to a few da days vs of unseasonable warn aarni weather this wits was called indian summer because it g gave ive the indians another chance to wage destructive tive warfare against the colonists once more tho the term second summer was also used for indian summer but that wits not until some time later by I 1 1708 the name indian summer was waa widely used in new england in new york by 1809 and in england by 1830 the name indian summer Is an americanism but the season to which it refers Is not limited to this country the same phenomenon of delightful balmy weather occurs in europe in england it la Is known as st martins summer or all hollow summer referring to the time of the year it occurring cur ring when it lias has made tile the most impression st martins day november 11 or all hallow even and tile the days daya following all saints day november i 1 in germany it la is called old womans comans summer or st lukes summer commencing about october 18 and in tho the mediterranean regions it Is commonly called st SL martins little summer so as nearly as it can be axed indian summer may come any time between st lukes day october 18 and st martins lay day november 11 although the indian summer type of 0 weather may be experienced before or after either date in september or even in december science cannot find any fixed period to correspond to pop ular ideas of when indian summer la Is and it cannot be predicted any more than thaws in midwinter science can however account for its appearance even if it cannot predict it and it accounts for indian summer by say that it Is a phenomenon resulting from a sluggish movement m i avem lit ot of the areas of high and low barometer across the country and tile the fixation for a time of high barometer in the south with low pressure in the northwest giving general southwest winds and mild weather concerning indian summer one scientist says in the united states this indefinite spell span la is likely to be bemore more apparent in the upper mississippi valley where U K to la more inclined to be in strong con with the climatic conditions that precede and follow it east cast ot of the mississippi valley the autumn period of dryness and tranquillity become iri ir i regular in their occurrence and of brief duration the rainfall ral Is normally so ao light in the western states 0 of our country that the chief elements of the genuine indian summer are not sufficiently unusual to attract attention the peculiar haze which may occur at this time of the year Is in chiefly caused by the accumulation of dust and smoke in the almost motionless atmosphere mo sphere it 1 is frequently called dry fog and usually appears in what la in known as an anticyclone anti cyclone when fine dry weather prevails diatoms and volcanic dust and the dust from decayed vegetable matter contribute to tile the density of it it r T RY ay also be increased by the smoke from prairie and forest atres which may he be transported grent great distances through the upper atmosphere while at the same time the artir near the earth may remain quite clear often producing a peculiar pe ullar yellowish or pinkish effect due to the blue bine rays of sunlight being absorbed sobbed indian summer has become a part of the english language even though it la is not recognized by science even though indian summer Is not recognized by science it lina always and probably always will hold its place in american arid amerlean american literature it Is a favorite theme of poets especially among the new england group essayists and cartoonists nil all of whom have told in one way or another inot lier of tha glories of tills this sea |