| Show RAISE APPLES FOR HOME AND MARKET I 1 ANT device for heading a barrel prepared by trie too united states department ot of agriculture every farmer however small email his possessions may bo be who lives within tho the apple growing districts of the united states should have au aa apple orchard the product ot of which should be found on his table in some form every day in the year recommends the united states department of agriculture perhaps two thirds ot of tho the settled portion ot of the country la Is more or less lesa adapted to the production of 0 apples the apple la Is preeminently pre pro eminently useful in the household economy and as aa a culinary fruit none excels it it graces the table in a greater variety ot of forms than any other and as aa 9 a dessort dessert fruit few are its equal and none tta its superiors its ita juice when ex j tr acted makes an excellent wholesome beverage and for vinegar it has no rival As a market fruit it la Is one of tho the easiest and least expensive to handle and usually finds a ready sale eale it if well grown and handled with care among the many ways la in which the apple Is used the manufacture of jellies and preserves Is one of growing importance the numerous factories for the manufacture of these goods have not only created a demand for second and third grade apples but also for products byproducts by resulting from drying and evaporating the fruit apple butter of the real rich old vine time farm variety fills an important place in the household economy and always finds a ready sale at good prices good sweet elder cider made from soun sound apples dapples not from halt half decayed wormy fruit Is ono one of the most healthful products of the tha orchard it can be ba kept sweet and unfermented by heating beating it to a temperature of F and holding it there tor for 30 minutes then sealing it up tight in bottles or casks and storing la in a cool place boiled elder cider made in the good old fashioned way by reducing to one fifth by boiling and then canned makes an excellent article tor for culinary purposes purpose whilo while the aim and purpose ot of th the farmer should be to supply an abundance of fruit for his own family he should also be able to sell a little surplus the crop of summer and autumn apples requires an immediate disposition either by salo sale in the market by evaporation or manufacture int into elder cider the crop of winter varieties can bo be handled more profitably as they are not so BO perishable A gentle eastern or northeastern slope elope as aa a rule Is the most desirable for an orchard site taut but this may vary in different apple sections solle bolle such as aa are found in timber regions afford the best results but outside of such districts clayey loams coams having free surface and subsoil drainage are best well rotted barnyard manure la Is the most valuable for apple orchards the next best fertilizer la is crops ot of red A I 1 pyramidal form of top of tree clover grown among the trees and allowed to fall and rot on the ground or turned under and the ground re seeded thorough surface Is required to obtain tho the best results in the orchard and when needing fertility the land should be properly before plowing trees are more safely set in early spring they should be strong vigorous one or two years old having a well wall developed root system and at the time of setting their tops topa should be sut cut back to the height at which the main brauc branches beA for the future top la is to be formed all broken and mutilated roots should be cut back to sound wood for easy planting open out a deep furrow with r a two horse plow along the line where the rows are to bo be made and cross check at tho the dis tance apart at which the trees are to stand at the crosses level off the ground at tho the bottom of tho the furrow L tv 1 vase form of top to receive the tree with its ita roots in a natural position fill in the dirt among them well and tramp down leaning the tree slightly to the southwest thorough tillage with a cultivator during the growing season and plowing the land each spring turning it each alternate year toward tho the trees are recommended prune each year in early spring before growth starts removing all cross branches and thin ning out where too densely grown so as ae to balance tho tops and afford free air circulation and admit sunlight to all parts parta of the tree all ill classes summer autumn and winter apples must be carefully picked without loosening tho the stems from the fruit handled bandied carefully to avoid bruises or breakage of the skin and placed under protection from sun and wind until final disposition is made of them applee for home use should be stored in some place where the temperature is kept as aa low as pos poa without danger of frost |
