Show ty T ir amr i v MI f 71 by n ase of nf western feeds eeds r se OC ua X john T caine ill III AH agon short lint line train lecture college collect tho the permanency of any system of agriculture and the ultimate profit derived from it are dependent to a great extent on the marketing of the crop where everything Is sold and nothing returned to the soil boll farms soon run down doin and alid the farmer does not reap the largest profit the middle men getting the lions share the farm should bo be run like any a oher her manufacturing plant where the raw ahw materials aro are worked over and marketed maik eted only as finished products we of the west have an idea that other sections being more favored can do the feeding cheaper and bettor better than we can if however wo we look closely into this subject wo ind find that the west vest has many advantages over nearly any other section in this lina line tho the climate to is ideal for feeding the attitude makes tor for good strong feeds and for good lungs tho soil boll makes good foot feet and bono in our livestock the last pertains mostly to the production du action of horses tho the ruggedness which most of our western livestock have is due to the mountain conditions and to their healthy out of door life the west Is well supplied with feed eed as 03 we have alfalfa the best hay in the world grown here to perfection with this hay good results can be obtained in feeding nearly any class of livestock though of course with some grain is necessary and with all it gives much better results timothy and wild hay bay are good feeds especially pe clay ally it if procured from our high mountain valleys and are much wanted for feeding horses corn fodder can be grown to advantage nearly everywhere and makes a fine addition to the roughage of most any ration the western grains are all superior and wheat heat and its products byproducts by can be used to good advantage here barley and oats are especially useful in feeding horses dairy cows and beet beef roots though very little used as yet can be grown in great abundance rin in this section and make a valuable ablo addition to most rations the great production secured with roots in the west makes us able to use this feed instead of the succulent silage of the east with this gorpup of feeds and the price at which they can be secure dunder average western conditions there Is no reason why feeding cannot be carried out successfully in order to get this fee feeding ding ilem lem bufore you in the best manner it will be necessary to g go 0 o into the practical side of nutrition to a slight extent the chemist arranges the substances found in plants that are useful to the animals into several groups of these protein carbohydrates es alid fats are the ones which concern us most protein might be described as mater material lai of the nature of muscle the white of an egg is a very good example these substances are used in the body for the but building ld of muscle bone and for making milk the carbohydrates are bests best described as materials like starch or sugar though in the plant crude fibre fabre and other materials are also included this group is used in the animal body for the production of energy and fat fats fat are used for the production of energy and fat but are very much more valuable pound for pound than the carbohydrates A certain proportion of each of these is needed every day to keep up the work of the animal body when these constituents or foods are givens given in a just the right apropo proportion artion to supply every want of the animal we have what is known as a balanced ration rations 1 by ration we mean the amount of feel feed required for an animal for on one day so bo balanced ration means the correct proportion of feed for a given animal to supply all his body wants for twenty four hours for instance the dairy cow producing twenty pounds of milk requires about two and a halt half pounds of digestible protein thirteen pounds of digestible carbohydrates and alve tenths of a pound of fat tor for each day this would be applied approximately by feeding twenty five pounds of alfalfa with a few pounds of grain by the digestible material in the feed we mean the amount that can be used by the animal as there la IB considerable that cannot bo be digested and assimilated simi and so is of no use the proportion of feeds used differs of course with the age breed and type of animal so no definite and binding law can be laid bownas to amounts to be fed to all it Is not necessary that you always figure out each ration in this exact manner but we should know in a practical way what uie feeds contain it if we feed ail alfalfa a there is an excess of protein which is a waste to some extent but if wo we add some corn coni the feeds balance as corn is r rich ich in carbohydrates and poor in protein it we feed barley I 1 lone alono the proportion of fp fat t and carbohydrates will be in excess and so this feed would not supply the vo to quiro ments in an ail animal in III order to balance it then feeds like wheat bran or shorts or alfalfa would have to be used among the feeds rich in ill protein we have alfalfa clover bran shorts peas and salm nilla among the carbohydrate foods feeds wo we have timothy wild liry corn barley oats sugar beets etc As a rule teed feeds from the last group should bo be fed with some from the first and vice versa tie aa this will tend to mako make the proportions moro more nearly tight and w would more nearly supply the needs of the animal A narrow ration is ono one in which the proportion of protein Is largo when compared to the amount of carbohydrates carbohydrate ss and fats for example alfalfa fed alone would make w what bat Is called a narrow ration A wide ration Is onella one in which the proportion of carbohydrates and fats Is largo large when compared with the a mount amount of protein for ex example ampe co corn rn alone would make a very wide ration in feeding our young animals we find that as the age increases the amount of feed necessary to make a pa pound und of gain In increases creales very much the cheaper gains bainn are arc made while the animal Is young and for this reason success generally comes to the man who keeps everything grow ing from babyhood up it costs considerable sid erable more to get an animal back in shape after it has once onca lost the young tat fat than it would have done to have kept him growing an ant an mal can lose five or ten times more in one day than can caff be put back on in the same time and for this reason one days starving or other poor conditions means a great loss to the average farmer we cannot expect to have exactly two animals grow where ono one has grown before but we ought to get the animals mud larger at the same rge ge than we are in the habit of doing in this section rem remember amb emb er always then to be a little lenient with feed for the young stock steel as there is no time that so much can be made from feed as while the ant mals are young in feeding for breeding animals or just tor for growth we should be very careful to supply food that will mako make for plenty of bone wd my muscle iscle and this we get from our lira protein tein feeds such as ai alfalfa falfa do not feed houi breeding animals too much especial ly of a concentrated fattening feed but give them enough to keep them in good healthy condition this does not mean skin poor the cond condition that we find so many of our western animals in but means that they are arc in such shape that all of the functions of their body are working in III normal condition in feeding f for or market the fattening foods can be used to a greater extent and one does not have to bo be so careful about the proportion of muscle and bone building material the west has bab a habit of sending their animals to the markets in just halt half fat condition and as such they are always sold at al reduced prices if more care would be taken to have la everything in 1 good shape greater profits could be realized with practically all of our live stock horses for instance are arc often sold when in thin condition and the buyers feeding them a few dollars worth of grain add from 25 26 to 50 to t their heir value this could be done just as well veil by the farmer himself thus realizing a good deal bettez better profit tor for his livestock in feeding beet beef cattle in the west e need but little 1 in the way ol of barns though an open shed hag hae some 0 advantages as it keeps out the wet and excessive cold with alfalfa hay we have found that but very verj little grain is necessary in order tc make gorod good gains with beef steers in experiments conducted at th the utah station gains of nearly tac pounds a day were secured on ar average of about tour four pounds ol of grain when fed with alfalfa at i a ton for the alfalfa and about 22 for the grain fairly cheap gains wen made and it animals were purchased and sold in a good way profit coule be made from this business wile wild hay is also a good feed for bec cattle especially it if some grain ca bg be fed in conjunction in iii some see sec lions however ho weyer notably along tin dear bear river profitable feeding Is car T led on every winter with hay alono alone the cheapest gains ever reported it feeding wheat for beet beef were made it the west when alfalfa and beet pull were used it the farmer can ge hold of beet pulp and teed feed it witt good hay bay he be would find remar remarkably kabli good gains can be made and at i good profit one thing wo we shoula get over oter in our western beef bust ness nese is feeding our steers until thes are three or four years old as th profits are generally much larger when the animals are sold at younger ages continued next if |