Show cla class s notes on ethics introduction all te teachers acher of morality agree that mankind ire are under obligation to do some acts and refrain front from others neither either morality nor law can exist without obligation obligation tion presupposes a moral nature what this moral nature is we ire will not discuss at present but we will deal lea with its activities various systems of morality in ora lity baard baaed upon the grounds I 1 of dobli obligation gation have been adopted by different philosophers we will note briefly a few of these systems the first theory is that of 01 lie ile considene consider cl I that the 0 ground round of obligation is found in the authority of tile the civil law by him acknowledgment know of ponica i i called honor this low view of human matuie with arbitrary power given to the few prevented the 4 system estem from remaining lema ining with a free people the second theory of obligation WAS based on oil self interest this system fails I 1 to thc jhc d distinction is ales n edon between duty and i interest ri tt t it teaches the individual to subordinate everything to self in tile third system dobli obligation aaion is ia foun founded ded 01 on lit utility clity this makes 11 usefulness falness fUl neSS the L ground R fur r obligation but utility expresses a relation only another writer makes order tile the basis of obligation but order is obligatory as subservient to an end only an army preserves pre erves order to secure its safety and promote ote it its s ca efficiency T i ci e n c 3 can it be obligatory prom gicand on n any n y 0 other t h e r ground another s steni stem teni is that right 0 is the foundation of obligation do right hialit 5 for the sike sake of the right this teems simple at first but tile the word right ii i i ambiguous 0 or relative paley says it means no more than conformity to the rule we ire go by what ever that hat t may be several sever al other s systems have been advocated hopkins II defines ethics or moral science as the science of man mail choosing choo cho cin and acting from choice under moral law ile claims that this definition covers the whole field of moral action duties to be done and rights to td be respected it goes 0 back of conduct to alloe choices aloin which conduct proceeds and limits the field of morality to such choices and actions that come frow from choice under moral law |