Show CULTURE OF WALNUT Tree Tree Requires Requires Deep Rich Loam or Even Adobe Soil Quantity of Water to Be Used in Irrigation Irrl Irrl- gation Must Be Determined Determined Upon by Experience and Observation The English walnut like other kinds of plant life thrives best where all the conditions are favorable Not every kind klud of soil son and climate is suitable suitable suitable suit suit- able for the growing of walnuts The walnut requires a deep rich richloam richloam richloam loam or even adobe soil free from hardpan or standing water within reach o the roots on the other hand it will not flourish on the mesa without without without with with- out water although it might continue to linger along on the tho winter rains for many years On rich heavy soil son the trees should bo be planted 45 to 50 feet apart but on lighter soil they may be he thinned out for Cor a permanent stand Sometimes however they are planted closer in quincunx form with the idea of taking taking taking ta ta- king out the intervening trees as soon as they become crowded and leaving the permanent ones 50 feet apart The nurse lY stock may be one two or three years old when transplanted to the orchard but the yearlings will soon catch up to the others and will willbe willbe be less liable Hable to have unsound or defective defective de de- de- de roots The price of good seedlings seedlings seedlings seed seed- lings generally ranges from Crom ten cents to 30 cents apiece while that of grafted graft graft- ed sto k ranges from Cram 50 cents to 1 25 or of at the rate of ten cents per foot Coot in height One lOne plowing a year is sufficient unless the ground becomes packed I 1 by heavy rains or IrrIgation Irrigation irrigation tion in which case it may be loosened up with the plow or cultivator cultivator- whichever will accomplish the work b best provided best provided there is no vegetation turned under by the first plowing to Interfere with the second During the late spring or early summer the soil should be loosened up t t- t r d depth of five or six inches and cultivated until a fine mulch is formed to that depth This may be done don with any implement that will accomplish the work a toothed spring cultivator tor or disk harrow is iss s s good as anything Neither the plowing nor the cultivating cultivating cultivating ting should be bo done when the soil is wet enough to pack like molded brick but when it has become sufficiently sufficiently suf suf- dry to be friable and before it has had time to bake it should be broken up and above indicated When thus pulverized the soil solI will retain the moisture and with an occasional surface cultivation cultivation cultivation tion of oJ harrowing to prevent pores for the the escape of moisture being Corm formed ed will carry the trees through the summer in good condition The quantity of water to be used in irrigating the trees the number of times to be applied during the year and the best time of oC the year to tomake tomake tomake make the application are questions that every irrigator will have to determine determine determine de de- de- de termine for himself by experience and observation Th There re is more or orless orless orless less variation in the seasons and different different dif dU I ferent kinds of soil require different kinds of oC treatment As a general rule no more irrigation either In quantity of water or In times of application application application ap ap- should be done than is necessary necessary necessary essary to keep the trees in a thrifty condition Much more than enough would increase the expense unnecessarily sailly and injure the trees and soil Extremes of wet and dry should be bea a avoided voided so as to keep the dampness of the soil as nearly uniform as pos pos- sible On good walnut land one or two Irrigations will be sufficient and the second one should be omitted if it itis itis I is not needed Probably late spring I or early summer before the orchard is laid by for tor the season is the best time to Irrigate walnuts Late summer summer summer sum sum- mer Irrigation should be avoided unless unless unless un un- less absolutely necessary to keep the trees from suffering |