Show a- a of ol he the ta White hife Ma M ti y t j iS r o oT y itt JL J 7 T k pfd I I y LN 5 1 f I v iK i K fr Y RI r Id rY x a f C I II I ACH RP 2 Ru R A v W ew T A WYL WP ya J y Y 4 wi l 9 sw 4 y w l ld 4 A a Y Q Picture y Courtesy Arm ArmA Ar r A Ii Information Service By ELMO SCOTT WATSON OF THE WHITE MAN That Is a t IMe Lle which has been r F borne by many Indians since It was first applied to old Massasoit sachem of the protector protector protector pro pro- and preserver er of the little colony of Pilgrims on the rocky shores of New England more than q O years ears ago It is s a n name which had various meanings depending I upon the person who spoke It Uttered Uttered Uttered Ut Ut- with pride by a Logan of the a Shabbona of the Potta- Potta or a Washakie of the Shoshones It meant that they were conscious of the esteem in which they were held because of their friendliness friendliness friendliness friend friend- liness to an alien race and because of ot their wisdom In recognizing the futility of resistance to the Inevitable domination tIon of this continent by bythe bythe bythe the white man But nut spat from the contemptuous lips of a Pontiac of the a n Satanta of the or a Red Cloud or 01 Sitting Bull of ot the Sioux It had lad a very different meaning When they applied that term to one of their tribesmen It carrIed carried carried car car- ried the sting of denunciation as a n renegade and traitor to the red race and It expresses their determination to go down fighting rather than to submit weakly to the hated Invaders In As American Indian day which Is celebrated on September 20 26 this year approaches It Is fitting to recall some of these friends of the white man who had a part in the building of this nation nation- not the great chiefs such as us those already mentioned mentioned mentioned m-en- m men men- who are comparatively ely well known but certain others who are more o obscure To do that thatIs Is to bring g to light a little known chapter In the history of the United States army and to record the services of at Indians who served as ns scouts with our troops against their own race In the Innumerable Indian wars with the red man Indian scouts and guides have been used as Individuals or groups by the white man also from the beginning of the thc settlement of North America Aid of the tribes was sought for scouts guides and allies by both the French and English In the thelong thelong thelong long series of colonial wars which finally established on this continent and lisped I English supremacy of both the British and Americans used them durIng during during dur dur- ing the Revolution Hc After the establishment of the republic Indians were used by our military forces In the various wars wals which pushed the frontier to the Mississippi and they proved Invaluable as guides for the early explorers into the Far West Among the thc latter the outstanding name Is that of the Indian girl who led Lewis and Clark beyond the Shining Mountains to the Western Sea But according according ac ac- ac cording to researches made recently by historians of the War department It was not until after the Civil war when the tribes of at the Great Plains were making malting the last desperate stand of the red redman redman redman man against the white that Indians were regularly regularly regu regu- establish establish- military enlisted as a part of our y ment friends of the white whiteman whiteman of these The most The most famous man who took service with the army against Pawnee In In- of ne the company their own race was thin dian scouts organized in 1 l by Frank North at athe atthe atthe of General Curtis for service the he suggestion against the Sioux This This group of ot young Pawnee Pawnee Pawnee Paw- Paw with General Connor In his warriors served nee Mated ill expedition into the Powder river and Yellowstone country In 1805 and so strIkingly striking y this campaign that In proved their value during authorized the organization organ organ- General Augur J March 1807 of at Paw Paw- Ration of a battalion of four companies with WIlli North In c command mm nd with the title of ot major One of ot the companies was commanded by Capt Luther H. H North who still lives at Columbus Columbus Columbus Colum Colum- bus Neb From the day the scouts were enrolled until they were mustered out ant of the service In December 1870 1570 these Indian auxiliaries rendered service of ot Inestimable value In protecting the builders of the Union Pacific railroad from hostile hostile hostile hos hos- tile Indians In guiding various detachments of ot the army against the Sioux and and andIn andIn andin In fighting brilliantly in every engagement In which they participated d. d The outbreak of the great Sioux war in 1870 1876 emphasized the need for Indian auxiliaries for our troops operating in the vast territory over which roamed the hostile Sioux and and it led later to an act of congress passed on August 12 1876 1870 authorizing Indian scouts as a apart apart apart part of the regular army Three expeditions were sent Into luto the tile field early In 1870 1876 one under Gen George Crook starting north from Wyoming another another an an- other under Gen John Jolla Gibbon starting east from western Montana and a third under Gen A. A H. H Terry starting west of ot Fort Abraham Lincoln N. N D. D At the beginning of his bis campaign Crook had the services of ot several se half-breed half Sioux as scouts and later he lie was Joined by a number of Crows and Shoshones who were placed under the command command com com- mand of ot MaJ J J. M M. RandalL The leader of ot the Shoshones was the famous old chief Washakie who despite his advanced years ears was in the thick of ot the tile fighting In several engagements Gibbon also enlisted a number of Crows who were placed under the command of ot Charles II H. Bradley of the Seventh infantry and some of them became became became be be- came famous for their part In the tragedy of the Little Big Horn Included In n Terrys Terry's command was the Seventh cavalry headed by Col George A. A Custer and during April and May 1870 1876 some 53 warriors warriors war war- of the Ankara tribe commonly known as Rees were enlisted as scouts and placed under the command of C. C A. A Varnum and Luther R. R Hare of the Seventh These scouts were led by Bloody Knife a famous Ankara warrior warrior war war- warnor nor who had served with Custer during the Yellowstone Yellowstone Yellowstone Yel Yel- expedition of 1873 1871 and again In 1874 At the conference between Gibbon Terry and Custer held at the mouth of the Rosebud river Just before Custer started on his fatal march south six of Gibbons Gibbon's best hest Crow scouts were attached attached at at- to Custers Custer's command They were Curley White Swan Hairy Moccasin Goes Ahead WhiteMan White WhiteMan WhiteMan Man Runs Huns Him and Half Yellow Face their lead lead- with under luder Lieutenant Lieutenant Lieu Lieu- er They were enrolled the scouts tenant Varnum who dire directed ted their work through their half breed interpreter Mitch Bouyer When on June 25 Custer divided his command to attack the big i Indian radian village which his scouts had discovered Bred ered on the Little Big DIg Horn he kept four of the Crows Goes Crows Goes Ahead Hairy Hatry Moccasin asin Curley and anel White Man Runs Him with him The other two White Swan and Half Yellow YeC-w Face with the Arl- Arl karas were attached to HeroV command The fhe part played by the tile iVow scouts especially Curley In the Custer battle batlle bus hus be been n the subject for so much dispute that It If Is difficult state to-state to state positively just how much the lle four tour who went with Custer saw of that part of the battle which resulted resulted resulted re re- In the destruction of the leader of the Seventh Seventh Seventh Sev Sev- and the troops with him The best evidence seems to Indicate that they were with him until a short time after he came Into contact with the tho hostiles and the first firing began Then through Mitch butch Bouyer Dourer the interpreter he told them that th their lr work worl of ot guiding him to the hostile village was was done that It Itus was us the business of his soldiers to fight the Sioux and that they were to go back to to the pack train Bouyer stayed with Custer and wags killed when the b hostiles overwhelmed o that z o air goy 21 part of ot the Seventh a few minutes later Inter Of at the scouts with Reno Half Halt Yellow Face and V White Swan appear to have had a hand In the lighting fighting of that detachment since White Swan was seriously wounded Bloody Knife leader of ot the was shot and Instantly killed by Renos Reno's side just as that officer led his battalion out of the timber to retreat to the bluffs bluff's across the river Of at the other It has been the fashion for most historians to say In effect that the cowardly Rees flees fled fied at the first fire P Prof of O. O G. G LIbby of the University of North Dakota in his Investigations among the surviving members of at this tills group made several years ago and publIshed published published pub pub- by the North Dakota Historical society under the title of The Ankara Narrative conclusively conclusively conclusively con con- refuted this slander on these Indian allies and showed that they acted In accordance with Custers Custer's orders which were of the same nature as his directions to the Crows viz that their job was guiding and not fighting Indian scouts were used effectively In the long series of at wars with the Apaches In the Southwest Southwest Southwest South South- west In the eighties General Crook who was a n master hand at dealing with the Indians was especially especially espe espe- successful In s securing Apaches to fight Apaches Three companies of Apache scouts particIpated participated participated par par- In the campaign in Mexico and New MexIco Mexico Mex Mex- ico leo from June to November 1880 In 1 1883 3 an Apache named was captured by a party of ot soldiers who vho dubbed him Peaches because of ot ills his light complexion and rosy cheeks both unusual unusual unusual un un- un- un usual In an nn Indian was sent to Wilcox Ariz where Crook was organizing his expedition Into Mexico against Geronimo Crook persuaded to become a scout for him and he proved to be bea a faithful and valuable guide for the expedition Two other famous Apache scouts were The Apache Kid who served as a government scout against Geronimo In 1882 1852 and Mickey Free who served as a scout and Interpreter In the campaign campaign campaign cam cam- of 1885 Tile The Apache Kid later turned against his white employers carried on OD a n lone lonewolf lonewolf wol wolf warfare throughout the Southwest until he be was killed by a a white while scout named Walapai Clark One of the most famous of all Indian Indan scouts who have served the white men was a Kiowa named See I In 1888 See O enlisted as a s scout out at Fort Sill Okla where at the time was stationed stationed sta sta- Hugh L. L Scott of Troop L of ot the tho Seventh cavalry A warm friendship which lasted lasted lasted last last- ed a lifetime sprang up between the Indian and I Ithe the young cavalry officer and during the Ghost Dance excitement of ot 91 1890 It was the influence of ot Scott and See O working together which prevented such an outbreak among the and Apaches as had bad taken place among the Sioux t See O served as a scout at Fort Sill until the Indian scouts were disbanded In 1013 Then facing poverty po and want In his ol old age the scout went to Washington to appeal to the Great White Father for tor aid ald His old friend now General Scott Interceded ed for tor him and he was restored to the thc army rolls with the tho permanent permanent permanent per per- manent rating of sergeant A year ear or so later Inter by a n special act of or congress the War department was empowered vered to retain the tile old oh scout on the active rolls with the rank of at sergeant so long as ashe ashe ashe he should live So until the day of his death Mar March h 11 l 1020 1920 2 See I wore the khaki of the United States army and when he died he was given gh the Ule full fall honors of a military funeral l C KIO 1130 o. o Western tr Union |