Show I L S D. D 1 INJURIOUS WORK OF A SHOT HOLE BORER u Lr 1 a I l- l a 17 r 1 t tAt At Left Openings In the Bark Through Which Insects Escape Escape Escape-At At Right Burrows as They Appear When the Bark Is Removed By W. W OKANE The first evidence that usually comes to the indicating the presence of ot the shot-hole shot borer In his trees is the dying back of ot limbs or orthe orthe orthe the weakening or death of whole trees As the tree is examined it is found that the bark is peppered with tiny round holes each one not more than the twentieth of an inch in diameter It is from this characteristic sign that the tho pest gets its name Sometimes the numerous tiny holes are seen in the bark of ot apparently healthy trees and In such cases there may be little drops of ot gum at each hole This is especially true where peach plum or cherry are attacked because of ot the propensity of ot these trees to bleed when Injured But if it as is often otten the case the tree Is weakened weakened weakened weak weak- ened or dying when examined there will be no gum and each hole will be clean cut Each of ot the little round holes represents represents represents rep rep- I resents the point at which an adult beetle cut its way out from the sapwood sapwood sapwood sap- sap wood where It has been going through part of ot its lIfo life cycle as a small grub By removing a piece of ot the peppered bark the characteristic burrows of ot the grubs will be revealed It will be found then that there is a short main channel usually an inch or so long and running more or less In the same direction as the grain of ot the wood From each side of ot this a number of ot small channels lead of off at right angles gradually enlarging and diverging and finally wandering about to end suddenly suddenly sud sud- denly in a round cell The beetles begin cutting their way out fairly early In the spring and soon afterward the females are are at work making the brood chambers and layIng layIng laying lay lay- Ing eggs In the South there may be betour four tour generations in the course of ot the summer in the North probably only three The last generation remains within the burrows until the following spring This makes clear the principal means for fighting these pests pests to to watch sharply for evidences of ot their work and at once cut out and burn the limbs or branches attacked Itan If It Ifan Ifan an entire tree is infested and dying it should at once come out and be burned Too much emphasis cannot be placed d on the burning of ot such trees and limbs If It a limb or branch is cut down and Is left lying on the ground the damage may readily be increased Burn every part of ot a tree infested with the shot-hole shot borer and keep the orchard clear of ot rubbish |