Show I. I t 4 f. E i Fundamental t 1 n P. P 1 01 of f t ii H I I n t f t 1 1 T T 1 t 7 SI I By B- ALBERT ALBERTS S. S GRAY M MD M.D. D t f fu u Copyright 1914 by A. A S. S Gray Cray FACTORY CASUALTIES Assuming that wo we were Indulging In glittering generalities and surmises as is very frequently the case In such presentments the statement of or facts concerning the shoe shoo as a source of trouble and the deductions have been questioned This justifies a rc repetition and amplification of the main facts and principles cited in the former Cormer paper Because It is officially recorded and accepted as evidence of weakness in organizations on which the great nations nations na na- na expect to rest the tho defense of or their national life wo we take It for granted that the statement that the shoe is the tho source o of a general disability disability disa disa- from foot excoriations in the I shoe wearing armies of the world I amounting ing to at least 30 per cent willbe will willbe be accepted as approximately correct Soldiers wear shoes chosen more Corthe forthe for Cor forthe the purpose of protection and comfort than for any consideration of oC appear appear- ance The civilian on the other hand especially if young and Inexperienced considers style and what others ma may think of his gear foot above everything everything every every- thing else Now if It selected physical specimens of oC hardy trained men using II j their tbell best efforts to secure comfort and efficiency experience 30 per cent disability from shoes so chosen It is not unreasonable to assume that even evena a rate prevails among civilIans civilians civil civil- ians inns and this is undoubtedly the chief reason why so few persons have havethe havethe havethe the walking habit these days they days they cannot walk because their shoes will not permit them to do so in comfort That too is wh why so many flabby muscled mus nus- cled pasty faced men and women are seen on our streets Such stock is timid and cowardly and is 18 easily thrown into panic or disease and is therefore a logical source of origin for many social and Industrial Industria ills The margin of safety In many Industries Industries Industries Indus Indus- tries is the matter of a fraction of an aninch aninch aninch inch and anything whether it be an ear earache a tooth ache or a foot ache that diverts the tho mind from the work In hand band tends to reduce the alertness and general muscular control and the tile loss of af f so much as that fraction of an anInch anInch aninch Inch means inevitable mutilation Statistics covering accidents in factories factories fac fac- fac tories in Illinois for IllinoIs Illinois- for Cor a period of ot one year jear ear show that between the hours of 8 S and 9 o'clock In the morning there were accidents and this number I steadily and progressively increased until in the hour bour between 11 and 12 noon accidents were recorded Then between 1 and 2 o'clock after after- noon non Ill accidents occurred and the number again increased progressively hour after hour until between 1 and 5 o'clock the tho maximum of accidents was reached This shows a total of or accidents in the tile fatigued state as against accidents when approximately fresh Cresh And carefully note the I difference between the first morning hours and the first afternoon hours The difference bet between the early arly morning hour and the early afternoon hour is comparatively slight but it is significant In that it points to personal negligence on the part of the operator between the hours of or 5 S p p. p macd m m. and 8 S a. a m. m It brings the subject of social conditions in the home to the front opens up the matter of ot personal I hygiene of sleeping quarters of oC habIts habits habits hab hab- its of food rood drink smoking and everything everything every every- thing that takes place outside the fac fac- tory I The writer frankly confesses that as tile the result o of observations made in some twelve or more stat states If It he were a manufacturer m a banker or a marchant mer mar merchant chant he ho would not employ any person with pinched and sore fore feet to operate any power machine capable of or injuring ing lag the tile operator or sr a fellow or to handle or or account for any material material mate mate- rial sun SUII of money or to transact any business requiring exactness and ex cx- executive ability For It Is 18 demonstrated beyond the tile shade of or a doubt that no mind can consciously entertain two impressions at the same tim time and therefore keen and sustained 1 alertness I IB is impossible to an any individual under physical Irritation In n the unity of ot materials machin machinery rand r- r and men that constitutes the modern factory organization the most Important Important tant tent factor is the men Every avery ver concern of nn any size has its purchasing agents Its inspectors and laboratories to cx ex amine online and test incoming and outgoing materials I. I da is machinists and inventors invent invent- ors to keep the mechanical part to a 3 standard of ot efficiency but little at- at at j j ten lion has lias been given the most fun fundamental of all aU the factors the factors the men I Efficiency depends on close attention Imagination and the ability for quick adjustment Unexpected and suddenly occurring complications demand instant Instant In In- stant decision without time for Cor reflection tion and herein the man under IrrItation Irritation Irritation tion becomes a source of dater daer to himself and to his fellow for he is in a state where the element of oC danger results in an au emotional wave which may produce a temporary motor paralysis or overthrow o of rea rca son Multitudes l are working longer than their thel present condition ju and therefore beyond their capacity and the time need of or the multitudes Is lathe the effort fort of ot the individual personally to use his intelligence to bring himself up to a higher standard of human efficiency THE SHOE Napoleon l' probably the greatest military mil mu Itar authority tho the world has produced produced pro pro- I Is quoted as stating that An army travels on its belly but bet modera modern mod mod- ern era military authorities have discovered discovered ered that an army needs feet Ceet fully as I much as food to be aa an efficient Ight- Ight ing machine The records show that over German soldiers were incapacitated for dut duty during the first fiNt few weeks of the Franco Prussian war var on account of injuries to th the e feet Ceet and excoriations excoriations excoriations of oC the tile feet figure as the cause o of third one o of an from active service among young French soldiers I during campaign Under dat date of oC February 5 1914 tho thu acting surgeon general war department department department depart depart- ment Washington I D. D C. C writes as follows follows fol fol- fol lows Many examples might here be cited but the following Instance which occurred occurred occurred oc oc- oc- oc in the tile experience of ot the tile shoe board Is sufficiently typical Ill In n 1908 a h battalion of United States Infantry took a practise march In I shoes shops which the men had themselves selected e It marched eight miles went I i I into camp cami for 24 2 hours and then returned returned re re- turned by the same route to the post The members of the board examined the feet of oC all the men of the battalion battalion battalion bat bat- at the end of oC the first day and andon andon andon on their return On the first day 30 per cent and on the tile last day 38 IS percent per percent percent cent of the command were found Cound to have severe foot injuries some requiring reQuiring requiring re re- re- re quiring hospital treatment The shoe board above referred to was a board of officers offie of or the United States army detailed to locate the source of and remedy for foot troubles trou trou- bles bies which have han been the bane of oC all armies since shoes ha have e been worn The army armr board went at the problem with a thoroughness never before practised practised in any country by br the military authorities The feet of thousands of men were measured photographed and ray X-ray pictures of the bones were taken in all sorts of oC positions and under all an kinds of oC conditions And after four our years of such thorough investigation in investigation in- in the board hoard has reported Its remedy remedy remedy-a a perfect fitting shoe Surely Sure Sure- ly iy a simple and fun fundamental solution correct the cause and there can be beno beno beno no trouble Secretary of oC War Stimson accepted accept accept- ed the report and so important do dothe dothe dothe the military authorities regard this matter that the shoe recommended Is 13 the only type which officers and enlisted enlisted en en- listed men are permitted to wear with Ith their uniforms More than 75 per cent of the people have trouble with their feet Ceet Their shoes dont don't hurt them its it's their feet thIs this being one of those peculiar Intellectual Intellectual In In- quibbles we are all guilty of I when forced to admit a stupid standpoint stand stand- point The shoe Is shrouded In all the prejudice prejudice udice the tradition and the tile mist of ot antiquity and amid is therefore a subject on which time the majority are exceedingly opinionated and amId touchy The Time very very- high heel was Invented by the an an- dents They distinguished their actors actors ac ac- actors ac- ac tors who represented gods and heroes by making them wear shoes with very high heels beels and thick soles Of Ot course the women of or short stature were not long in grasping the idea and it quickly quick quick- ly y became fashionable I In all an Industrial Industria establishments the records show a steadily increasing percentage percentage per per- of or accidents hour after aCter hour until the noon rest Then beginning some below the noon maximum the afternoon record advances pro progressively progressive progressive- I ly 13 to the maximum for the tho day Obviously I lack of alertness due to exhaustion exhaustion I tion is responsible le for this non How flow much longer will these blood sacrifices be bo made to the god of or fashion Cashion and convention This Is a condition not to be reached by legislation legis legis- lation atlon bowe however er w wise ise nor by safeguards however numerous It it can only be reached by Individual Intelligence and alertness b by education This Is an ago age of ot Industrial war Nations are arc but a collection of ot individuals hid indi and each individual is fa or should be an ail asset fly lly the certain action of or the tho law of oC the time survival of or orthe the fit only that nation most wisely developing Its resources can survive This being true the subject of or correctly cor fitted shoes becomes of or paramount part para mount importance to any people who hope to win in the coming struggle for industrial supremacy |