| Show FARMING IN EUROPE Some observations of ot a aN N New v England Englander fr er r in a p te litter inter from Alx Aix France Franc seem of at general Inter oat 1111 at at Ih sketching In n a few tew paragraphs the salient aal ent of the th European farm contrasted with our own They The are gnon at ac follows In Country Countr Gentleman What Vh hat t strikes the traveler tint first Is II the tho universal al empio of ut women old okland and young yount at h hud hard rd labor In the heidi fields This Tills one sees Met overs wh France Germany Austria 8 S and Italy 1111 One ms tees E II women O carrying on their backs huge loads of or farm torm products In I hay hi and rye re f faggots is mow mOl routs route I and AM peat for fuel end anti I have hay even teen seen II them th m thus carry carr minute manure Second ond there Is III the II general employment of ot rows cows as draft animals animal In the Ute Tyrol In hay ha hag Ing time on one t a single unfortunate AAU Ow NO wo 11 I H nt e I hay ha one behind the other Sometimes a woman is II yoked ked with the cow Oxen arc Arf i t en n and horses botH stilt still It III lees I often except I In the Ih prosper prosperous us tourist louritt of 01 Third there is I the almost of 01 of any an kind hind excepting n PUng again In Switzerland wh Mno r tourists might ties Ires I UJ Fourth the fleWs appear apr E tr to be laid Uld out In i 1 mall lUll unlit unite about a ut IM 1 ly U b 19 fe feet t In tn alternating crops This gives the th land soap lit a II curious patchwork appearance ryr fp re I J tul taie f etc tlC Wing thus thull oOn p In III i alternating bunches This would preclude th lb uw Ute of mowing m r ma machines chines or 01 any An other ather devIce on nn a I large lane aa ale 11 end and In III tact fact I have hare ha only se seen n one 00 mowing machine In five ne countries and that thai w nas not hot In use tire u al although although though hay h was AI re being gath gathered ered I I Fifth the i e Mr tIre la Is d l peeked II a dwelling unit conal t III lag BK el UI II hou house sad and Urn bars At th the same Mme roof root within a few tn S or cc W IS J of the next Dut hou e Tb The bern barns lIe ate of ot hewn timber with no 11 upright v at atthe atthe atthe the corners cornn but bul made by b laying b b beams mi ml horizontally h and dovetailing tn toe seeds ends Th The thatch m mars f of or old are WIng bring re is replaced placed by IT tiles state slat or os tin The upper part rl of ot the tarn ham beneath the widely overhanging rouf Is II open 0 for fot drying dr grain and faggots la and in III many capes lapes the top to of the dwelling holt bot house e f Is II I similarly u Mt d Many hams barna have hare projecting b bil I or lit detached fi tram like a hugs huge OH c which hems liean pa peas ar and IMI l bundles Un a of IlIla art are re hung to 10 dr drAs Ir dry dryAs IrH As H the houses house an Cr compact In Is villages I I m mall ny of ff the ike holds are N a beg teng way off otT i M tied d thor there l III ii often Oft erected a small r tiara burn nt i I or et settee H i rte of small n barns ha the Ih unite being belne about ut U 13 Ut l Ii y X feet On en n 0 K a stand III JIll In III t nee spot t anal n l c uit it 7 or oh ill M I small lists huts dotting a II hillside The pitchforks are art usually wooden and aile the Ih Ithel h han hae vr straight bundles bandies which ne no 1 much when I I Ihn WIn net t In uw use u the Ir scribe r the a I very tery 11 wide Ide blade bind l Ik Ia I strapped tu to lh lb straight handle for fer portage The rh be are art d by II s ft and by b pound IRK Ig In with lIh Ith a hammer hamm r on M a small mall ama mil anvil I howe have looked locked in lIln for a s scythe itte grind stono steer In III flye countries Some Scene local locA outturns cuStoms are amusing In Inthe th tM the upper u fur fir example all hay h Is S I gathered 1 into cock cocks and tied lied up In tn a I canvas sack rack about aboul 6 C fret square The Thu corners are 3 brought together r tid titi with Ith leather thongs This makes a l bun die that thai can CIa b tee lie carried fir on m a mans inane head hud or Clr nine such Mich constitute a load for or H n cow 10 though she ISh may ma b be forced us see stated t to draw two such uck loads at ones once When the hey hay hi Is 18 1 pa the rod on H K 1111 the bundles bun are ent nl rolling roiling down hundreds of feet f lt to 10 the th bottom until un III enough arrive for tor or a n wagon n load land In th the born barn the are arp hoIsted by b hand ty by tJ bya a R tackle tackie Into Inlo the lefts leU mid sead there untied The primitive h farm wagons wa n carry a 1 a brake which Is ii I operated operand Jy j y a screw I tf and handle from TOni the rear of the wagon wagun us iii the th t walks behind Huge bather collars are ar worn orn by tIll the draft anImals with ith at al the firt Id for holding a whit whip hll The Tb cows COWl In th the Irol end and Switzerland carry CUr hugs bells belie fil about out 6 S to 10 S Inches in to 0 leather collars ornamented by bl 1 beaM naIl natla and Md p patterns turns and MI clasped by ly II Inch ornamented brass buck bukin lea Hor nr art feed fUl ne rye e bread with attic chopped oats I and bran braa The bread Is I In loaves loa a font tt fontIn In diameter which is II cut up and pitied ur nh dry In a n trough and nd fed fad to 10 horses horns hr a be t before tore fore ore the I they he are aro watered lerN I In parts of Austria hay liny Is tJ dried on small i S feet high stuck atuck trio into thee the ground round at regular Intervals One H is I everywhere i impressed ed with Ith the enormous I relative IU labor expended expanded for fr small re ye return turn lum One sees ees I hey hay ha being cut ut ul on slopes I BO so strep that a seems serin Impossible his bit and ami rye tre is 1 grown groan on mountain slopes Iopu that thai must require At st lewit an hour or vr ormon mon mol of steady Stead climbing to leach from frone the village In haying harln time ever every man wom b and child chUd Is II In the and aM In 11 Ina ina a field of ot S acres for example divided Into lato small squirt or oblong strips I 1 have hae frequently counted all as isny nian a all as 10 M Mor or t laborers rell Of course In the hIgh Alps Alpa which are a above the altitude a which anything but mountain pasture Ira rass will III grow rOw one see ses herds of ot hun hue hundreds of 01 goats goate f c sheep and cattle but bul at al lower levels level no Land appears arrears I t Ib Ibe b be wasted It tie pasture The Th tattle celtic an are u kent ket housed there are no DO fences fenris and In the tM th whole nip I 1 have lIaf not lIot seen n as lIB much waste ule land hand as aft would rover coast my ml m sheep p Hi Hr It Ir is I cut tut with a sickle Instead of or 0 a II cradle and anI Is II a there if of n nan any an real r aI In farming methods although tI the enil oll s nv mt fertile and th tb at are re wonderfully u II thick consIdering how hew many the soil roll has been n worked work t The general n ral lon Is Ilona on one of t tall loti H and I nd disproportions expenditure of or with lIh no leo dawn n lit f helter belter things E Even en the tM former pl 1 pk tun lurf peasant c turm art alt replaced I by br K rt Or On the he whole It nuy ms cheer us III up t I tt thIrk how bo much better oft oJ even n th I the mk American Is ha I I |
