Show PROBLEMS FACING STRICKEN WORLD shall chaos or reconstruction in europe follow the great world war RUSSIA SIA OUT OF BALANCE that thai its hi industrial life has not kept P pice pace ice with its agricultural hit ha been fatal to Count rys prosperity article fly by PRANK anani COMER COMERFORD FORD less than 10 per cent of tho lie people of russia permanently live in cities or towns I 1 write tile alie word bently to coll call attention to tile alio fact that a of peasants and villagers come to tile cities end and towns town to work for a part of tile lie year in tile industries they retain their peasant status and thear domiciled domiciles domi ciles in ili tile villages in 1910 1010 there were only forty cities in tile Itus russian with it population of front from to i only four cities with a population of over poverty forced upon the russian people the operative cooperative co spirit in ili it great brent long strain people can stand up together better than alone it Is tile tho den of consolation in lt it Is a principle of iness psychology that it group of men will dare to do a tiling thing to stand a suffering or a danger that no individual lit in the lie crowd would undertake alone tile the russians havo have suffered from froin tile tho dawn of history and one of tho the oldest institutions of an life Is the artel tile artel very much resembles tile alio operative cooperative co SOCIL ty of western europe with tills his difference that the operative cooperative co society in europe and america Is me outgrowth of mi an economic trend in ili russin russia it was the unpremeditated result of necessity it Is the difference between one who Is hungry because he Is dieting dieling and ono one wile who Is starving because he Is without food the workers of russia have suffered tho the same slavery the peasants pons outs have endured tile maximum lins has been a starvation pay so when the working men from a province come to a city to work in the textile Indus industries or as carpenters nin masons sons etc they at once unite in groups of from ten tell to otty fifty persons rent a n house keep a common table elect on nil older elder of the lie atel artel to whom each ono one pays ills share of the expense all over russin russia sia ono one finds tile the artel in tile lio elites cities in ili the lumber comps even in tile the prisons when a building to Is to be put up nn an artel Is organized when a railroad Is being built nn an artel ariel Is for forin ined cd in some instances the lie artel resembles a 0 labor union in that the arrangement of tile he terms of employment Is 19 inadi annot by a delegate or committee appointed by the artel live in squalor and misery village life Is primitive the villagers live out of tile the world the villager are very small particularly in tho the ext extreme north tile houses at arp generally cheap wooden owing to we the grent great danger of ire the villages generally cover a largo large irm arm of ground the houses fire arc mattered tind and straggling the con conveniences ven I 1 prices found even in the american tenements are arc unknown there Is ili no cliance for cleanliness they live and sleep in crowded smoky ho houses usei they alint wo we call furniture even aliat the poorest farm farin tenant in america would call furnishings A hoard board for a table a shakedown for a bed dussias Rus sias industrial life has always been out of balance with will her turn tural life notwithstanding lier her riches of raw material and tier her great possibilities bili ties for a successful life russia line has continued to ile be n nation with 81 per cent farmers fan ners 7 or 8 P per e r cent permanently engaged in in industry astr y and 8 3 or 4 per cent of peasants who devoted port part of the lie line aline to work in III tile lie industries it has been sold said repeatedly peat edly that tho the imper imperial lill russian government from the lie time of peter tile hie orent great lins lias been unceasing in its ef efforts forti for the file cren creation tion and development or of home manufactures all of tile evidence I 1 lauve examined reft refutes ites there never hns har been any security to in the ho worker in ili Ittis russia sla the only protection lio lie has lind had ling has bern been ills interest in tho the family allotment tie ho could go bacu back there and lio be hungry in tho the city starvation was tile the danger tile azars czars put every obstacle acle in the way ray of education and of course his prevented td d UK the growth of industry in IM 1002 tile the principal industries in russia representing nil of tho ilia factories throughout theo empire of which the annual nanual production wits was valued at more than 1000 were textiles food products animal products wood paper chei products ceramics cern mining metal goods tind nil of these employed only workers led up to bolshevik problem tills stunted paralyzed 1 side ide of russia its industrial 1 has a direct hearing upon conditions in russia today and Is nn an important part of the problem leni of the ho bolshevik gov eenra ent A notion nation to ia be nori normal nill must hive balanced man find end commercial sides if biese three departments of activity arp re not proportionately developed the la Is a cripple russia lu buo bm andle and in tills his bense nn an economic cripple tier her booty Is grevie nud and powerful tile the phy physical sItal const constitution itil Is strong ono one orm arin agriculture to la overdeveloped anil and its overdevelop lelent ling been beell lit fit the sacrifice 0 of ilia other arin hussla lUis in one physical respect reminds me ino of 0 Willi elin into of irus sin now living in holland I 1 refer to ills withered undeveloped bilby arni arm Itus sills undeveloped arm I 1 11 just alst such n R crippled vai MM gral itc ditc creul to tile ei ex emperor wile who Is no now sawing wood in holland suggests to my illy wind tho the words of a great german economist list 1 A nation cannot pron ioto and further its civilization its prosperity and its social progress equally as well by exchanging agricultural products for manufactured goods ns its by establishing a manufacturing power of its own A merely agricultural nation can never develop to any extent a home hoine or a foreign commerce with inland moana of transport and foreign navigation increase its in duo due proportion to their or mako inako I 1 no 0 t bablo a b I 1 0 progress in its woral moral intellectual social alit and political development ailt it will never acquire important political power or be placed in ili a position to influence the cultivation find and pio gross 98 of less advanced nations and to form col colonies onles of lt its sown own A inere rul ral beato Is infinitely less powerful power tuf fut than tin on agricultural manufacturing state tho the former Is always crontin eco lacally and politically dependent on oil those hoso foreign nations which take lake from froin it agriculture in exchange tor for manufactured goods it cannot determine how iauch it will produce it must wait and see lie how much others will buy fron from it tile agricultural manufacturing states on tile tho contrary produce for themselves elves largo quantities of raw materials and provisions and supply merely the lie deficiency clency from froin importation tho the purely agricultural rint nations ionn are thus dependent for tile power of 0 effecting pales on oil tho cli ances of a more or less bountiful harvest in ili tile tho agricultural it nations n t 10 ii 8 they have moreover to compete in their sales with other purely agricultural nations whereby the lie power of 0 sale bale 11 in itself la is uncertain they are arc ex koscil to tile danger of ruin in their trading ding with agricultural manufacture ing nations by war or now tariffs whereby vIle reby they suffer the double disadvantage of finding no buyers for their surplus agricultural products product a and of 0 falling to obtain supplies of tile the manufactured goods they require an agricultural ri nation Is a man inan with one arm who makes use of nn an arm arin belonging to another person but cannot of course bo be suro sure of having it always available an agricultural turing nation Is a anfin who has two good arms of his fits own at his disposal poland cited as aa an example I 1 0 list further points out that tile the relative cultivation of tile tho agricultural and manufacturing arms of it a country possessed of an anible arid and fertile territory will give eliat country a population twice to three times as largo large no as it could secure by the lie development of tile agricultural inn firm nione and maintain tills this vastly increased population tion in a much higher degree of coni coin fort foit surplus agricultural produce Is not necessarily necess arlly capital in an agricultural country counties Coun which produce ico stich a surplus and remain dependent upon poll manufacturing countries are arc often obliged to purel lose these kinnu fractured goods goodr at an enhanced price lie ho points to poland as on an example she exported tile faults of her soil to obtain goods willell which bile could alavo manufactured from it As it consequence sho she fell like n house of cards when organized nations attacked her list considers cons eliat lind voland poland developed her manufacturing arm besides retaining lier national independence aljo would have exceeded any other rw incan country in prosperity to use lists words 1100 go to fallen poland ani ask its hapless people now it Is advisable for a nation to buy tho the r abrica of a fo reign foreign country so long as its native aro not strengthened to in ile bo able to to compete voin pete in price and quality with tho foreigners hns has set out to Bo clalla political agricultural and industrial hussla and as I 1 expect to examine tile tho effects of communism in ench each of cheso departments of life I 1 have set act down bomo historical and economical truths which must bo be kept in nand mind wilen when examining ille bellille panacea Copy copyright rig ht 1920 western 11 union |