Show 44 1 1 0 WWI X am P t W inq 11 A Z view of aleppo aad its citadel lappo tho clift casturo of which A by Clen senell cral allenby on october 20 1018 was the culmination of the con conquest conque ht of syria la is like Damns damascus cus band konich one of tho ilia cities of tile world it may inny indeed bo be older than either certainly it appears in history as ar early Is as damascus tind before konley it wits one of ilie syrian towns captured by tile conqueror Tho thales III about nhoun 1480 it II 0 and thereafter la is of frequent occurrence lit in the agitated annals of those early times says hays a writer in the sphere under llorona nn rule it enjoyed it long period of prosperity its rin indent clent syrian name of IIa lhnn or avns ns corrupted by lie greeks into Cludy Clin libon bon but iriv ifeng as also IK As beren berea when aft after er seven centuries of roman rule it felt fell into the hands of the arabs it was called hy by them thein linlee n nearer lindt lon to its ancient innate than the greek Clin lylon the Venc tinn and other visitors of aiom there were ninny in tile hie middle ages blundered into aleppo that Is they dropped I 1 roppe 1 I the aspirate us its gatins so BO 0 often to do sounded the final b ng ai a li ani added in tile tho arbitrary fashion of romans greeks and italians their 0 11 o the secret of aloupos Alop Alep pos long prosperity it which endured even under turkish rule Is its splendid commercial position tit nt i the he junction of tit at least four groat great trade routes this ans perhaps i largely ilia due to the destruction of palmyra tadmor hy by Au rollan naw fideli which the bulk of the trade which had passed through ilia city of solomon and Ze zenobea now diverted itself liy by it a more northerly route through aleppo dy by caravan it traded with persia and india through Afe mesopotamia with egypt by way of damascus wit aien minor and constantinople hy by the ancient nn clent route through taurus in elmano kerstan times ilia alio passed hy by after tho ilia sana cen conquest was wals tile halfway half way station on the alio way to persia byzantine versus Hama danite during the middle anges Alep pos existence was n life of stormy magnify cence during the earlier wars ars of at the etli the eastern ilomin ernora empire it was more than alinn once taken and re taken in tile tenth century it boc bec time tile scat bent of a brilliant local dy dv misty from in parsla the most noted ruler of tills hits filially ans sayf ed din whom the lie byzantine ills his tO torwall riall cull call 1 a 0 the spied od din kept greatt state tit at alippo and probably prohn bly the chlof chief port portions lons of the present of ilia were mere built by him it Is quite that hint they tire olger 11 he was ns n patron antton of art and literature and also a mighty warrior who led iriny expeditions against the eastern roman empire with alternate success and ani detent after iauch success lie ho sustained a terrible defeat in lit in the hie passes and himself hlin self escaped only by a brea kincel scramble up n preel precipice next sear nil his fate wa tans upon him for the great byzantine Rant lne marshal flap Ili olais soon to ile he re rent gent marched aleppo with etli nil all the ill available forces of the hanst sayf ed din made desperate efforts lie he levied nil fill the citizens of aleco nil mid in ili trenched himself to guard tile the ap pron clies to to liln ills capital while in acs tom opo tanila A holy war was proclaimed anil the troops troop i of alar benr din alit and many other places to tho ho relief of aleppo could all these forces unite the hie gene ral must have been defeated iut but lie ho was so prompt that lint lie ho reached ills film goal before the he could fir rive by one of those masterly turning movements which in those days only by generals Ren cruls and byzantine troops could ach leie flanked ed cd din out of lih ills entrenchments ments and forced him to fight in tile the open before ilia city gates ire waa utterly detent ed and as aa ills hla beaten troops poured bock into aleppo sedition broke out the citizen sold soldiers lers inid the blomo biame of lie rout apon ilia alie aral arelt trind turkish they turned their swords against ove oie another nn other anti amid this in strife the byzantine culina culms alers storm edthe tho walls walla and came pouring into the streets sweeping tile hie last army of them in rout and ruin for three days tho ilia victorious army wrought its will on unhappy aleppo while upon the stick sack and destruction the hit fallen and a reni rem runt of his army looked down from tile lie walls of the lie impregnable citadel per laps those self siame piles of tawny nia ilia stiley which crown the fortress bill to hta tar when the lie arrived they found that and lila ills army had anil quietly retired with their prisoners mid plunder leaving ruin find destitution behind aleppo in the middle ages Alep pos brief political greatness thus foil fell beneath the hammer stroke of ihorn Iho but its conme evil tience did ill not leave it por two to cri centuries it leil led a precarious political usually lit in vassalage to the grout great power it was part of me of tin the mighty Sn indin and probably the work of ills his jasons Is 18 to le ile SOPH today lit in tile citadel wallis after afta ir and ills hoube lind passed away aleppo foil fell to tile lio Mani vinko sul tills of egypt thither in fit 1102 cattle tin terrible alinur Tani erlane on oil ills its way my to overthrow the army of lit at alinur left terrible traces of ills pres ence on aleppo but ilia city thanks to lla its splendid situation recovered rec vered and nil for the ho next century or more indeed Int leed wits wai at the IH height of its IN prosperity it was injured hy by the discovery of ilia passage round the cape of good hope ait remained great and wealthy until 1822 when it was us si nitten by nil earthquake mid almost completely dc strayed troyed tt with 11 loss of life calculated lit at tile lowest tit nt persons during tile the fourteenth and nf fir cont urles it wits foremost among the trading cities of lie world and its renown e rr far and alde wl de it 71 MIS from aleppo that alio lie first pioneers of Hai glands indian and empire started on liehr their long lone journey to the courts of the emperors doubtless it was from some nome of nf them or reports of their journeys jour neis which must mast have bern been current in london and marlowe of the oriental city at nil all events references to io aleppo tire to bo be found in ilia plays of hot bogli I 1 less lit in shakespeare thim lit in 31 arlowe elioso bent was ana clearly in tilt the direction of oriental modern aleppo still suffers buffers front from the destruction wrought by the of 1822 but there then Is no doubt hint tile lie of shil leil archaeologists archeologists would meet with walli rich repaid in ili it city which ling ains existed continuously for yelps which lina has seen tile lie cliar of kempt B agypt and of Klin IT alio 11 0 phalanx of Alex tinder alit and the lie legions lealo of rome no less than the lie mulled borse men inon of oc byzantium anil tile savage riders of timur and sellin the lie art artin al the still stand intact and Ini imposing posIng the valls of the lie inner city fly tire mainly in ili ruins tit in the western t there survives in tit lie form of till 1111 inscription evidence cadence of the presence ot of tile con fi aoi 01 s who 10 lo wrested crested north syria from ill alic weak linnas of oc tile the heretic abena ton ten the flat roofs of tile houses tire arc often hild out ns its gardens till and south and west vot of tile city extend wide plantations abild orel mirds water Is 14 supplied ly by menns of an ancient aqueduct it relic of the rule which lil cli in syria ns as lit in bortul und and britain ln has left indestructible evidence of its passion for works orka of practical util ity there Is 14 inucci enuch locel industry flat and no ft a principal station on oil tile trans syrian ballway close to ilia line aleppo still occupies it 11 position of great importance under civilized rule it ties lias every opportunity of recovering ering its former forcier pro prosperity |