Show significance OF HUNS SUBMARINE fabric of international economic life Is threatened w DEPENDING ON LAND POWER germanas germanys Germ Gerni anys alms alma must be thwarted forcino forcing her to the sea and observance of its rules of Fret freedom dom oy by FRANK J GOODNOW tho the committee on public informs In fonna forma ti lion I 1 washington D C Q the century witnessed what was probably the greatest KI fittest achievement ut of oc the tha fiuman intellect this wits the aliu bringing about of thu tho economic unity of the world since tho the opening of tilt tho present century it may be bald that no ni country which has bus tiny any inn aked development liia has been self helf ahw products of tho tropics have become art lOel of necessity to tho the inhabitants of tile temperate zone tito which nature hit bus stored tit in such tit in particular districts tire lire regarded ny as held in fit trust SM for the liu world tit at law large lit in the crop of certain stipples ples like cotton which call lie be grown only under pe eullar conditions Is felt fell lit in distant lands hinds drought in the australian ill an hoodes makes it cult for europe 1 to clothe herself in wool this economic world unity litts bus been the result of a n slow development many tiling things bavo lave to its ita growth without however tile listion of tho the freedom of the sens it would linao lave been impossible tit the transportation of ninny products Is conditioned by the of freight rates incident to water routes these routes fire for general use only it tho the sen ca Is free to till nil who desire to uso use it unmolested from froin attack tack their interruption w us n result tf i the naval operations of tho alo present war hns has been een followed by scarcity lit in many countries tito freedom freed oui of the soft seft begnino tin nn established fact only lit in comparatively recent times A perusal peru of tile phraseology of sonic carlile policies often still retah ed beyond tile times to which it Is ro the lio dangers dnn era incident to travel not so ninny many bents ngo pirates potentates and princes nil all combined not so long ngo to ronke make tho the risks of travel extra tito claims of potentates and princes to oat I 1 zo tile ho ocean were recognized ns hica pablo of justification only a few hundred years buck back pirates still oled their nefarious trado tho ilia memory of living men indeed orates tire arc still to ho be found lit in the rivers and estuaries of southern china and nier thant ships lit in that part of the world tiro are comp compelled ellel to arm ann themselves even now against attack na as was universally the case tho the world over not loot much more mora than ono one hundred years ago no pecullar peculiar rights to sea tho freedom of the sea ben against pl pi attack was secured by the united efforts of oc nil seafaring nations who treated tho the pirate ns as nn nil outlaw to whom no consideration or quarter was to lio be given long before this result was reached it was waa determined by common agreement that no ono one country cantin any particular rights in the sea such na as spain and portia pal igal had with avith papal sanction once set bet up op apart from the influence of prin caples of justice it was found ns as a practical matter that ive and let ive was tho the only principle which could lie bo lippl led for interference with tho the kilps of any country was easily r repayable e in hi kind hostility between seafaring powers would bave followed tho the application of any other policy as it did actually follow the monopolistic attempts of the significance of tho submarine which lna lins ferst been used in III tho the war now low raging consists lit in tile filet fact that its use MSO imperils Im perils the econ economic onile unity of bf tho world to attention lits lias j been called tile tho submarine threatens the freedom of the sens eoas through tho ilia recognition of which progress in ilia iho direction of world economic wilty unity lias ins been mado made possible tito submarine threatens aln batena tile the freedom freo doin of tile tho sells seas because no lie adequate method of defense against it has ing its as yet been discovered if it Is used as it lina has been lit in the ilia past few years by a notion nation who alios cliplef concern Is land rather than sea power retaliation and ind reprisal anro impossible two enn can play piny tit nt the ramo gaine of oc sen sea monopoly when surf aci oni sea bea 1 faring nations are concerned but where Is used by a power whose interests are continent nI rather than oceanic oc callic the geue which la Is played Is quite a one sided one all the pow er r which Is att ached can do le Is to endeavor ener d eavor to destroy its as many submarines submarine J sis a po possible Ible and recent would KO go to chow eiliot such it i policy to Is not effective A power which makes use of submarines for the destruction of merchant shipping of course tn in vates reprisals but it if that power has vo no NIti dipping pIng such reprisals orb lm im possible owed existence to britain tills this Is the situation nt lit tile present time the submarine Is tho the weapon of the german geman empire whose seacoast Is botti both small and completely wider under ahn control ot of greet britain po far ns no con ucrtis re irtis its tise se na aa a base for goil power geuin germany lind it lo Is true trite fi fearn gibat at mer ihunt ll 11 marano aarin the 0 of f 1 ille viar wor fiut lite kni w very well ell that that merchant marine owed its ita very existence to the forbearance of areat rest britain and that tit nt the first breath of war or it would melt away germony therefore determined to pin her falth on oil railways which should puss pass through funds under her ter control ta this its ly 14 the secret of the berlin bag lad ad till Is the reason why turkey brought under her it er jot ion and nil serbia wits to tills this belief lit in her ter continental destiny Is duo due tile tho desire to E liar hill bence over austria tho the fulfill nent of her plan glnn involved the control of nf constantinople since only nt at ci inn n tho the water europa from asio asia alenor be crossed crois dl serbia had eliud to be subjected to t lier her dominion doin inton the lio only practicable path for it rull kiy way to constantinople WIH through tile the Afo valley which lay in sub serb ion inn territory if germany can control this couo site bill need not consider her unfavorable pont liin ns as the lie sea ben she all will linao lave it highway ny unassailable liy by tiny any power silo sha will also hino it i vast territory capable of level t site silo mi call mohe the pi present esprit ien gen routes so en dangerous ly by from submarine bases either in the north or in it tile tho neighborhood rf or constantinople that they will have to be abandoned tile freedain fre edoin of ilia seas bens will all have ani been destroyed tho the veon unity of the world arhl seriously impaired Impair und tile the work ork of oc centuries rendered of little or no avail in all must destroy land power tito li Is l i to us then not because through sli its use sev eral rol hundred undred li american lives lime lure been lost or because bic a few american ships haive lave been destroyed but because tile tho whole fabric of international eco cco life la Is threatened tito the only way lit in which to save that life and that it Is worth saving botio none will deny Is to destroy Germ germanas germanys anys land power or cause lier ter to realize that the world will not permit tiny nation so to conduct herself ns its to imperil mcola ideals which after so anany years of toll and trouble on tho the part of tho the civilized world have received till nil but universal recognition til tion that 0 wo o na its Ainer icons art are interested te in theme questions is IK thus quite evident at first blush the interest which wo we have in securing to serbia un tin outlet on in the lie adriatic or in tho the rehabilitation of the balkan plates does not perhaps appear nor Is lie ilia reason evident cl dont perhaps perlin ps nt at first why we 0 o should insist upon tile lie emanel potion of tho ilia slavo sim a submerged subiner ged in the austro empire A strong serbia dad it n weak austria ln however ho weier oro necessary necess nry it if germany la Is still disposed to uso use the submarine in ilia manner in which it has bas been used por for only under these conditions will the land route upon which she blip hns staked lie BO much become imps ebble only when such a fond route hug has lieen been abandoned all will germany bo forced to return to tilt lie sea ben when sho does doca elio cho will find fand it necessary to observe tho the rules rulea which alch havo lave been elaborated to protect the freedom of 0 the lie son sea only when she does so can we liopo hope for a further development lit in tho ilia direction of tho the economic inley of tile world which means so ee much for human progress |