Show USE WOOD FOR FUEL many farmers can Rel relieve lieve heavy demand for freight cars NEEDED FOR WAR SUPPLIES in many states it Is entirely practicable to replace coal with wood saving would amount to cars prepared by the united states depart merit of agriculture farmers frequently ire are situated so they can profitably supply fuel from their woodlands and thus relieve to a considerable extent the leavy heavy demand for coal A maximum price for coal has been used fixed by the government tills this does doea not mean however that the railroads will bo be able to transport all of tho the coal which the consumers may desiro desaro or want every freight car Is performing a heavy duty and the fewer the cars that aro are used for coul coal the greater will be the number available for carrying other war commodities manufacturers of course C cannot bunot substitute wood for coal neither can city people because this would w result in even greater railroad congestion nor no Is it likely that ineather in cither the south or r the west the use of wood tor for fuel can call bo be greatly increased dut but in maine new hampshire vermont massachusetts ithone island connecticut new york now new jersey pennsylvania ohio indiana illinois Ille michigan higan wisconsin BlInne minnesota sota iowa and missoura massou MIsso url it ought to be entirely practicable in many cases to replace coal with wood for A fuel el in these 17 states to Is a rural population of about which it la Is estimated uses annually about tons of coal it if by substituting wood one quarter of the coal burned by farmers and one tenth of tho the cool coal burned in vI lInges could be saved the total saying saving would amount to nearly tons or between and carloads reduce coal consumption it Is where team hauled wood can b be 0 us used c d i in n boal place a c 0 0 of f r railroad ai 1 r on d li hauled nu 1 e c 1 e coal 0 nl ti that i at t tho e change h a ng e sli should 0 u 1 1 l b ho 0 m made a d L farmers who own woodlands and people in villages who can purchase wood fron from nearby farms fire are the ones in the blest b ost position to reduce their consumption of coal it Is not expected substitution ution of wood for coal will be complete or universal for many purposes coal Is much more convenient but for heating many kinds of buildings wood Is the more convenient an and d cheaper fuel this Js particularly true in tho the ease case of churches halls summer cottages and other buildings for which heat Is required only occasionally tonally but Is a then wanted in large volume at short notice furnaces are built especially for burning wood in 3 or 4 foot lengths short lengths of course con can readily bo be burned in nn fin ordinary coal furnace or in a box stove though tills this Is rather wasteful of fuel many furnace manufacturers rs however ni iken special wood grate for use in their furnaces one advantage in burning wood Is that on moderately cool days tho the furnace can be run ran tit at n lower ebb than when coal Is used cons consuming only enough fuel friel to remove the chill when wood Is used in a round pot furnace care should bo be taken to have each piece lie flat if a stove grate 13 19 too coarse for wood a sheet iron cover byern good part of the surface will make it suitable or n few fire bricks can be used relative heating value of wood and coal in the matter of heating value one standard cord of well seasoned hick orr oak beech birch hayd arple tab sh i elm locust or cherry la Is approximately approximate lir equal to one ton 2000 pounds of coal it takes a cord nud and a halt half ot of soft maple and two cords of cedar poplar or basswood bo however wever to give tile tho same amount of heat one cord of mixed wood well hell sea ca equals in heating value nt at denst one ton 2000 pounds of average arside bituminous coal if ti the 1 e consumer can buy cool coal nt at 8 n ton ion it would hardly be worth ills ilia while to burn first class wood ut at 8 a cord except in on an open fireplace because coal Is a inore convenient fuel if however coal becomes so scarce that it cannot be secure secured din in sufficient quan titles the consumer will in some cases have to burn wood at 10 or or even 15 a cord methods ot of making cordwood the most common method of making Is to cut the trees into 4 foot lengths with the ax and split tile larger pieces tho the pieces ire are then piled in h standard cord which Is 8 foot feet long 4 feet high aud and 4 feet wide tim the contents are cubic feet of which about 70 per cent Is wood and 30 per cent air wood cut 4 feet long can be sold to brickyards brick yards Ilin limekilns eklins metalworking metal working plants plant sand and other indus tries but la is too large for household use this method Is used chiefly where tile the tree growth Is comparatively small as in second growth growt li because such wood splits easily another method and one bettor better i a adapted for old growth hardwoods which are difficult to split spilt la Is to saw the tree into logs of convenient lengths say from 10 to 15 feet these are snaked snake out to the edge of tho the woodland and thero there sawed and split into lengths length proper for tho the stove or furnace the sawing Is usually dono one b by machine driven either cither by gasoline or by electricity the wood Is sawed into 10 16 inch lengths length as Is customary with stove material three runs are theoretically equivalent to ono one cord actually they contain somewhat more wood since small pieces can bo be packed more closely than larger ones wood a profitable farm crop firewood ought to bring n better profit this year than ever before on account of the higher prices fire are likely to prevail wood Is 18 a much less perishable crop than many which tho the farmer raises when properly piled tho the better kinds of wood will last from two to three years though it steadily deteriorates after the first year to have the best heating value na as well as to reduce the cost of blaul hauling wood should be ane thoroughly seasoned which means nir air drying it from six to eight months when piled so BO ns na to get it good circulation of air clr however lo wever CO 50 per cent of tho the moisture may be removed in three months wood cut in october and november therefore may be burned tho the latter part of the winter i formerly Form cily it was common have wood cut by contract for from 1 to per cord with the present high price of labor however the cost may exceed 2 a cord the great difficulty in securing farm labor Is during the harvesting period it I 1 farmers can secure sufficient lelent labor to harvest their crops they should be able to keep enough men to cut and haul wood later inter in the reason in fact the profitable employment of one or two extra men on the farm during tile the winter may help to solve labor difficulties during the rush season the prices which cordwood will vall likely bring this year offer on nn opportunity for the farmer to improve hla his woodland improving the woodland means taking tailing out the poorer trees in tile the past thin lins has seldom been practicable tien ti cable ble for the inferior wood wils was not marketable with wood bringing only from 4 to ifa 5 a co cord r 1 there Is very little opportunity to secure a profet groht of even 1 a cord but with the prices indicated for the coming coining winter thin aings become practicable over a wide aldo range ranee of country in the vicinity of good markets |