Show REPORT TELLS ELS OF 1 NEEDS OF SITUATION AS SEEN BY commission ON COUN TRY LIFE I 1 deficiencies OUT agriculture at present not nat commercially as profitable as it Is en titled to be BeHl highly ohly organized rural society recommended d aeve step for congress to remove many of the handicaps washington the report of qt the commission on country life made to the president was read in loth both houses ot 0 congress substantially the report was as follows to tho the president ident the commission com 0 on n c country 0 antry life herewith presents its ita report the commis commission slon finds that agriculture in the united states taken together la Is prosperous commercially when measured by the conditions that have obtained in previous loua years although there them are some regions in which this la is only partially true the country people aro are producing vast quantities of supplies for food shelter clothing ind and for use in the arts the country homes are Itil improving proving in comfort attractiveness and healthfulness not only in the material wealth that they produce but in the supply of independent and strong citizenship tile the agricultural ri people constitute the hie very foundation of 0 our national efficiency As agriculture Is the immediate ba basis sig of country life so it follows that the general affairs of the oen country 9 speaking peaking broadly are in condition of improvement most moat prominent deficiencies yet it la is true notwithstanding all al this progress Tess as measured by historical standards that ag agriculture ri culture 1 s no not t commercially os as crofta profitable t ble its as it I 1 la entitled to be tor for the labor labo r and energy that the farmer expends and the risks that he assumes assume and that the social conditions in the open country are tar far a short hort of 0 their possibilities we must measure our agricultural em efficiency elency by the possibilities rather than by comparison with previous conditions the farmer Is almost necessarily handl ca capped aped in the development of hla his business because his capital Is small and tile the volume of his transactions limited and he usually stands practically alone against organized interests in the general readjustment ot of modern life due to the great changes in manufactures fac tures and ami carni commerce nerce inequalities and have arisen and naturally the separate man suffers most the unattached pd man has problems that government should understand reasons tor for the alto lack of a highly organized rural society tire very many as aa the lull full report explains the lending specific causes bre are A lack ot of knowledge on the part ot of farmers of the exact agricultural con ditimus and possibilities of their regions lack ot of good trat training ning for count country rv life in the schools lack of 0 good highway facilities the widespread continuing deole tion lon of af solla with tit effect on rural life ife A general argeneral need of new and ana active leadership other causes c contributing on to the general result are lack of any adequate system of agricultural credit whereby the farmer may readily se cure loans on fate fair terms the choit shortage of labor a condition that Is often complicated comoli cat ed by intemperance among workmen lack of institutions and incentives cen tives that tie the laboring wan to the poll the burdens burdena and the narrow I 1 life its of farm women lack of adequate supervision ot of public health nature of the remedies some of llo lie with the national government some of them with the states and communities in their corporate capacities sonie botne with voluntary organizations and some with w ith in acting alone F from born the great number of suggestions that have been made covering evry every phase of country life the now enumerates those these that seem to be most moat fundamental or most moat needed at the present time I 1 congress can remove some of 0 the handicaps of the farmer and it can also set some soma kinds of work in motion I 1 such much as I 1 tho the encouragement ot of a system of thoroughgoing thorough going surveys of all agricultural regions in order to take stock find and to develop a scientifically and economically sound country me life the establishing of a nationalized system ayatey of extension work in rural communities through all the land grant colleges with the people at their homes and on their farina anna A thorough golnitz investigation by experts of the middleman system of handling ha bolling farm products pr coupled couple d with avith it general inquiry into tho farmers disadvantages in respect to taxation transportation rates operation cooperation co or and credit anil and the general business bust nesa my aya 8 tein an inquiry into the control and ana use of the earns of tile the united states with tb the Vr object ot of protecting the peo plo pla in their ownership and of saving to agricultural uses such buch benefits an aa should be reserved tor for theme purposes the of it a highway en or equivalent org aal tuje cuje to e tit at tho the call of the states in working jut ut effective effect vo and ana econ economical om highway systems y stems 4 the establishing of a system ot of parcels post onal oi nd postal savings banks bank 3 and same acme means or agency tor for the guidance of at public opinion toward the development of 0 a real rural society that tent rest tit al erectly on the land I 1 other remedies recommended for consideration by congress are tt enlargement of the tha united states bureau bm enu ot 0 education to enable it to stimulate and ordinate coordinate co the ed work of 0 the nalton Car cettl attention to the farmers far mera interests in legislation on an the lariff in of railroads control or regulation of c corpora tlona ind and of aspea V atton tt ton legislation I 1 of isas rs forests foresta and the utilization ot swamp landi landd Inc rousing the powers ut bf the fed er era al caf mt in III respect to th the supervision and control ol of tho the public b I 1 providing pitch as aa will cnapp the taso do not permit the tha site ot of liquors to protect them lym front art ame from I 1 rom I 1 adjoining ta ail all these foro x la in vio boti the th co operation ot of the states batea will be it fa 11 P 1 i 1 I nee necessary essary and in many ca caad aes dehat de aj I 1 m tate tat I 1 low a we v way may greatly bid the tha Remd aern effies fes of a more general nature iro are A broad campaign campi ilen ut of publicity unit that must be undertaken undertake under lake until alt all th he people are informed on the wh whole 1 la subject of 0 rural lofto and until the there ro la an awakened appreciation at 0 t tha a feces 11 ity of tills p phase 11 lase of our na tion A 1 development its as much attention as 6 haa ha a be been 11 alven I 1 to 0 cuir 10 t p age or Is a 1 ie ne d of re 1 p 0 n s i 1 I 1 I 1 t y in 1 all l til tb c country people t to 0 t th h e be community okmun ity nd tate tn in the conserving nerving co 0 afi olja fr r 4 and tn in thois nee salty toe for sit caf r arm in tt in I 1 V order to conse irit t 1 ry 1 iso vo and to io develop de ve top a better rural i Bo no clety let ind and al also mo in the better ae to of 0 the th strength and and happiness ot of the tarn farm wo women men a moro more d conviction i of the pt organization not only for economic but tor for purposes this organization organisation to be b more or less co so that all tile the people may inay share equally in the benefits and have voice in the essential affairs of the community it a realization on aba part ot of the farmer that inai na he nan u uin natural responsibility toward the ilia laborer in pro providen g III hlin in with good living ii and in hel helping ping him in lr every very way to be a roan man among men and a realization on the part of all tse te people of the obligation to protect and develop the natural scenery and attractiveness of the open country underlying problem of country life the commission has pointed out a number of remedies that are extremely important but running through alt alk ot of these remedies are several veral great forces or principles which must her utilized utilize d in t the he endeavor to toa solve the problems ot of country life all the people should recognize what these fundamental damer da mental ital forces and axen agencies cles are Knowledg eTo ta improve any situation the underlying facts lacta must be understood der stood the farmer must have exact knowledge of it hla big business and of tile pecullar peculiar conditions condl tlona under which lie ha works the united states department ot of agriculture and the experiment ent stations and colleges are rapidly acquiring and distributing this knowledge but the farmer farmei may not bo be ablo able to apply it to the best advantage because of lack ot of knowledge ot of his own oils climate animal and plant diseases markets market and other local facts the farmer la Is entitled to know what a are re the advantages and disadvantages ot of hl his 5 conditto conditions as and environment A thorough system of surveys survey a in lr ot of the exact conditions ons underlying farming fanning in every locality Is iii now tin an indispensable need d to complete anil and apply tho the work ot of the great agricultural dinst institutions tut ions As an occupation oc r 0 to 1 a meant means ot of developing our internal resources wo we cannot develop these resources until we know exactly what they are there must be not s ia fuller scheme of public education but a edu pation adapted to n new ew kind ot of education the real needs of 0 the farming people the country schools ate are to be so redirected that they shall educate edu cate their pupils in terms ot of the catl dally y life opportunities port unities for or training toward the colleges are arc to be huttl plied piled and made land old or every person pet son ton aon the young in school or c out ut of school educated or illiterate in must have a chance to receive the information necessary and tor a for a successful business healthful comfortable resourceful life both in home and neighborhood ni means redoubled efforts tor for better country colu atry schools and it a vastly increased interest in the welfare of oC country boys boy und and girls on tile the part of nt those who pay pa the scho school 1 taxes education Edi cation by means ot of agriculture Is to be a part of our regular trular rc public school work special agricultural schools are to bep b organized there Is to be a well de plan of extension teaching conducted by the agricultural colleges by means of the printed page face to face ace tants talks and demonstration or object lesson designed to reach every far merand hla his family at or near their homes with knowledge and ati millus ito h every estr r department de adment ot of country life or organization the there r e must lie be a vast enlargement of voluntary organized effort among farmers themselves it 1 Is indispensable that laicita fat mers shall ishall work tog together lither for or their comi common lanti interests and for the national vv welfare elfare it thal tho do not do this no governmental activity no legislation not even 0 ven battet schools bools will greatly avail adall th the e farin fann relatively i unorganized ers era are ahei nevertheless g gani n I 1 z zed ed we biava h m only 0 n 1 y bakun b eg u rn to develop bu business operation cooperation co e 0 deop e r a tto n 1 in america farmers do not noc influence legislation as they should thor they need a more fully organized social and lite life spiritual forces the forces nna an institutions that make for morality and spiritual adenis among rural people must be energized we miss tha heart of tile the problem it if we neglect to foster personal character and neighborhood righteousness righteous nesA the best way to preserve ideals for private conduct and n public life la Is to build up the institutions of religion the church has ha I 1 great power of leadership the whole people should about understand that it io i vitally important to stand behind th the rural church and ana to help it to become bacomo a areat power in developing concrete cone reto country life ideals it Is esp especially important that the tha country church teo tee cognize that it has EL a aortal ty tu to the entire as wen a a religious responsibility ilief to its own group ol of petiole people recommendations of the the commission recommends all the th correctives that have haia been mentioned under the head of the nature of the th re melles it dos does not binh to 41 p criminate between im meal inca i 0 ures urea of relief tor for existing conditions it has purposely avoided indarsing indorsing arty any particular bin bill now before congress no matter what lt it 4 value or object there them are arc however in the tha opinion of 0 the tha commission two or threet great movements of 0 the utmost consequence that should be met et ui der way at tho earliest possible time be because rause they are fundamental to the whole problem or of ultimate permanent thess thes cull cal I 1 f for 0 special caal e explanation epla na if on taking Tal cing stock ot of country lefo i j thero there should be ba organized as ex plaines in the main report under governmental ern mental leadership a comprehensive plan for an exhaustive study or survey c ot t a all 11 the that surround aur round thor the buBl nin ats ot of farming and ana arte peorl who live in the country in n order stock ot of our resources and to supply the farmer with local linoel edge edee federal and ana state bovy r jIme ni nent utti agricultural colleges colleg fri and other educational agencies organizations of 0 various types and individual students atu denta or of the problem should be brought lutc operation cooperation co for thia great woric of ino in ln o with minute earos cara all agricultural and ana country difo ir conditions nationalized rs extension tension TV work orle each bach state college ot of jaso culture should be ba empowered roared to organize am aa soon as 03 practicable n compline com department or eole extension so managed manan ed as to tc every person parson on the land in hastate inith both information and ln lm alio tta work should In Inc ludo cluda such lorida forms at 0 1 l ens loii tea teaching hing aa lectures bulletin bull ellna I 1 courses correspond enca clouries co urea uries demonstration and other neada means of 0 reach reaching inc tho th peo people I 1 I 1 d at t homeland home and on om their farms arm it 51 1 ij atte designs alv to forward not 0 only L 11 r the business 0 but asal atlon holata ma maclair klair I 1 aja au U la ot or country lift r |