Show ase of western feeds alk short who train college Coll trie the permanency of any system dyste in of agriculture nerl culture and the ultimate profit derived from it are dependent to a great extent on the marketing of the crop where everything Is sold and nothing returned to the tha soil farms arms soon ruu run down and the tha farmer floes does not reap ilia largest profit the middle men getting the lions share the farm should bo be run like any other manufacturing plant where the raw materials are worked over and marketed only as finished products we of the west have an idea that other sections being mote favored can do the feeding cheaper anti and better than we can it however wd we look closely into this subject we find that the west has many advantages over nearly any other section an in this tine line the climate la Is ideal tor for feeding the altitude makes tor for good strong feeds and for good lungs the soil makes good feet and bono bone in our livestock the last pertains mostly to the production of horses the ruggedness which most of our western livestock have Is duo due to the mountain conditions and to their healthy butof door life the west Is well supplied with teed feed as we havo have alfalfa the best hay bay tu in the world grown here to perfection with this hay bay good results can be obtained in feeding nearly any plass class of livestock though ot of course with some grain la Is necessary and with all it gives much better results timothy and wild hay are good feeds aspeci especially ally it procured from our high mountain valleys and are much wanted for feeding horses corn fodder can be grown to advantage nearly mearly everywhere and makes a fine addition to the roughage hago of most any ration the western grains are all superior and wheat and its products byproducts by can bo be used to good advantage here barley and oats are especially useful in feeding horses dairy cows and leef beef roots though very little used as aa yet can be grown in great abundance in this section and makom mako a valuable addition to most mos t rations the great production secured with roots in the west makes us ablo able to use this teed feed instead of the succulent silage ot of tile the east cast with this group ol of feeds and the price at they cabbe can be secured tinder average western conditions there Is no reason why feeding cannot be carried out successfully in order to get this feeding problem before you in the best manner it will be ba necessary to go into the practical t it ca I 1 aide ot of nutrition to a slight blight extent chemist arranges the substances found in plants that are useful to the animals into several groups of OE these protein carbohn car bohy drates and fats are the ones one s which concern us most protein might be described as material of the nature of mus clethe white of an egg is a very good example these substances are used in the body tor for the building ot at muscle bone and for making milk the carbohydrates carbohydrate rs are best described as materials like starch or sugar though in the plant crude fibre fabre and other materials aro are also included this group Is used in the animal body for the production of energy and rat fat fats are used for the production of energy and tat fat but are very much more valuable pound for pound than the carbohydrates A certain proportion of each 0 of these Is needed every day to keep up the work of the animal body when these constituents or foods are given in just the right proportion to supply every want of the animal we wa have what is known as a balanced ration by ration we mean the amount of feed required fr an animal tor for one day so balanced ration means the correct prop proportion oklon of feed for a given animal to supply all his body wants for twenty four hours for instance 11 the dairy cow producing twenty pounds of milk requires about two and a halt pounds of 0 digestible protein thirteen pounds of digestible tible carbohydrates and five tenths ol of a pound of lat fat for each day tills this would be applied approximately by feeding twenty five pounds of alfalfa with a few pounds of grain by the digestible material in the teed feed we mean the finio amount urit that can bet be used by the animal as there la Is considerable that cannot be digested and assimilated simi and so la Is ot of no use the proportion of feeds use differs of course with the age breed and type af ot animal so BO no definite and binding law can be laid doun as to amounts to be fed to all it to Is not necessary that you always figure out each ration in this exact manner but we should know in a practical way what the feeds contain it we feed all ail alfalfa there Is an excess of protein which le Is a waste to some same extent but it we add somo some corn the feeds balance as corn is rich in carbohydrates and poor in protean prot eln it if we feed barley alono ibo be proportion of fa at i and carbohydrates will be in excess and so this feed would not supply the TO in an animal in order to balance it then feeds like wheat bran or shorts or alfalfa would have to ie be used among the feeds rich in protein we have alfalfa clover bran shorts peas and skim milk among the carbohydrate fecas we have alm timothy wild hr y cor corn ii barley boats oats sugar beets etc As a rulo rule feeds from the last group should he be fed with some borne from the th first and vies vice versa as this will tend to make the proportions more nearly tight and would more nearly supply the needs of the animal A narrow ration la Is one in which the proportion of protein Is large when comp compared arid to the amount of carbohydrates and fats fata for example alfalfa fed alone would make what is called a narrow ration A wide ration la Is one in which the proportion ot of carbohydrates and fats Is large when compared with the amount of protein vor for example corn alone would moko mako a very wide ration in feeding our young animals we find that an aa the age increases the amount of feed necessary pec essary to make a pound of gain in increases crewes very much the cheaper galna gains are made while the animal Is young and tor for this reason success generally comes to the man who keeps everything growing from babyhood up it costs considerable sid erable more to get an animal back in shape after it has once lost tho the young tat fat than it would have done to have kept him growing an ant mal can lose five or ten times more in one day than can be put back on in the same alme and for this reason one days starving or other poor conditions means a great loss to tho the average farmer we cannot expect to have lave exactly two animals grow where ono one has grown before but we ought to get the animals much I 1 larger arger at the same age aga than ihan we are I 1 in n the habit of 0 doing in this section remember always then to bo be a lenient with feed for or th the young stock Mk as thero there la is no time that so much can bo 0 made from feed B as while the ant mals are young in feeding for breedl breeding ng animals or cir just tor for growth we should be very careful to supply food that mat will make for plenty of bone and mi muscle iscle and this we get from our protein teeda feeds such as alfalfa do not teed feed breeding animals too mu much ch especial ly of a concentrated fattening few feed but give them enough to keep them I 1 ln good healthy condition This does trot not mean skin poor the condition that we find so many of our western animals in but means that they are in such shape that all of 0 the functions eions of their body are working in 1 normal condition in feeding for market the fattening foods can b be used to a greater extent and one does not luve have to be so careful about the proportion of muscle and bono bone building material the west has a habit of sending bending their animals to the markets in just halt fat condition and as such they are ara always sold at reduced prices it if mote more care would be taken to have every everything filing in good shape greater profits could be real hed with practically all of at our live stock horses for instance are often sold when in thin condition and the buyers feeding them a few dollars worth of grain add from 26 to 50 to their value this could be done just as well by the farmer him self thus realizing a KOOI good deal better bertei profit for his livestock in feeding beef cattle in the west we teed need but little la in tho the way ot at barns though an open shed hat hal some D e advantages as it 11 keeps out th the wet ct and excessive cold with alfalfa hay we have found that but very little grain Is necessary in order to make good gains with beet beef steers in experiments conducted at th tb utah station g gains line of 0 ne nearly aly tac pounds a day were secured on ar average of ab about ut four pounds ol of grain when feg fed with alft alfalfa 1 ifa at vi 1 a ton fox for the alfalfa and about W 22 for the grain fairly cheap gains werl made and it animals were purchased purchase and sold in a good way profit could be made from froin this business wile hay Is also a good leea beca tor for bet cattle especially if some grain brain cm cas be fed in conjunction in some see sec etona however notably nota bly along th bear river profitable feeding Is IB car tied on every winter with hay aloner alone the cheapest gains ever reported it feeding wheat for beer beef were made it tho the west when alfalfa and beet pull were used it if the farmer fanner can ge hold of 0 beet pulp and feed it witt good hay bay be would find remark remarkably ablo good rains gains can bo be made and at i 1 good profit ono thing wo we get over in our western beet busl ness Is feeding our steers until the are arc three or four bearis old is as thi th profits are gine generally rally much larger when the animals are sold at youngai lages agea continued next week 1 |