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Show I Civilian Uses for War-Developed War Developed - - Radar Promises PromisesTo PromisesTo To Develop - Into Into Tremendous Industrial Factors , Played Important Part PartIn PartIn PartIn In Winning the War for forUsMay forUsMay forUs Us-May Us May - May Win the Peace PeaceBy PeaceBy By Wmfield.J WmfieldJ Wmficid Winfield J . Drydenneleased DrydenReleased Dryden DrydenReleased Released neleased by Western Ncwtpaper Newspaper Union ' , Never before did so many manyowe manyowe manyowe owe so much to so few " ThIs ThIse Thisexpression Thisexpression e expression presslOn of Winston Wmston Church ChurchIII Churchill Churchill III ill referred to a few airmenand aIrmen aIrmenand airmenand and small ground force on the theBntlsh theBritish theBritish Bntlsh British BntlshIsles Britishisles isles The same may maybe maybe maybe be said smd in regard to radarSubmarInes radarSubmarines radar radarSubmarines Submarines were detected detectedin detectedIn in the night mght bombers in the theclouds theclouds theclouds clouds ships slups in the fog and andtroop andtroop andtroop troop and land movements inthe ill m illthe mthe the dark miles away Our Ourparatroopers Ourparatroopers Ourparatroopers paratroopers were landed by radar radaraId radaraid radaraid aId our sh ps safely escorted our ourbombers ourbombers ourbombers bombers guided and our troops led ledby ledby ledby by radarWithout radar I IWIthout Without radar the war in Europe Europewoold Europewould Europewould woold would still be raging ragmg authorities authontles be belle beliese belie\e belie e lle\ lle llee liese \ e Radar making the accurat-bombing accurat bombing accurat accurate accuratebombing - . bombmg bombing of Germany possible as aswell aswell aswell well as providing provldmg safety for thetransportat the thetransport thetransportat transport transportat at on of troops actually actuallymade actuallymade actuallymade made victory on both fronts a real realIty reality reality Ity contributing a big share to the theearly theearly theearly early peaceIt peaceIt peace peaceIt It has cost the nations hundredsn hundredsa hundreds _ n a wk wkr r R Rbl bl 4 4a 4r a n nk r Ny k t a ar aG as r S rtt 7 > > . G s 5 5Durmg 1 1Durmg I During Durmg the ( he conference held at atMena atMena atMcna Mena house houS'e bouse ' Cairo In JIoovember Aovember ISovember,1913 ISovember1913 , 1943 President Roosevelt PrimeMinister Prime PrimeMmister PrimeMinister Mmister Minister Churchill and Generalissimo Generahssimo Generahssi Generalissi mo Chiang Cbrang Kaishek Kai Kal shek were guarded guardedby guardedby guardedby by radar The radar post shown shownwas shownwas shownwas was built among the histonc histone historic pyra pyramids pyramids pyramids pyramidsof mids midsof of millions mll110ns of dollars to develop developradar developradar developradar radar No peacetime Industrial or organlzatIon organrzation orgamzation ganlzatIon ganrzation had the money the fa facwtIes facthties facihties cwtIes cthties knowledge or desire to fully fullydevelop fullydevelop fullydevelop develop radar to bring brmg it to its pres present present present ent state of development It re requIred required required quIred a nation atar at war \\ar ar car ' \ led by far farseemg farseeing tarseeing seemg seeing individuals mdlvlduals to accomplish the theahnost thealmost thealmost ahnost almost imposs ble-Wlth ble Wlth ble-with with ble - - with m llions Ihons of ofdollars ofdollars ofdollars dollars back of the development and andskIlled andskilled andskilled skIlled men with the determmatlon determination determinationto determmatlonto to succeed succeedRadar Radar Peacetime Peacehme Factor FactorRadar FactorRadar FactorRadar Radar has many known uses for forpeace forpeace torpeace peace Postwar travel will w211 become becomesafer becomesafer becomesafer safer Thousands upon thousands of oflIves oflives oflives lIves will be saved due to the em employment employment employment ployment of radar in m the alIiat airlat airl alIi at sea seaand seaand seaand and on land Radar sees all knowsall knows knowsall knowsall all and tells all It warns ot of pend pending pendlug pendtog ing lug catastrophe and provides the theeyes theeyes theeyes eyes for men to see in m order to pre prevent prevent prevent vent accidents on land sea or aIrThe airThe air airThe The discovery of radar may be beclassed beclassed beclassed classed as accidental Research Researchorkers Researchworkers Researchworkers \\orkers orkers workers \ engaged In short shortwave wave ex experlIDentat experunentat experimentat perlIDentat perunentat ons nearly 20 years agofound ago agofound agofound found that when wavesere waves \\ere ere were werebeamed ' \ werebeamed erebeamed beamed on a city there were oscil oscillations oscillations oscillations lations on the d al when autos autostrucks autostrucks autostrucks trucks and other factors mterrupted interrupted mterruptedthe interruptedthe interruptedthe the wave Soon afterwards it was wasfound wasfound wasfound found that planes in m the air mter inter mterrupted interrupted interrupted rupted the waves beamed skyward skywardIt It was the next step that measured measuredd d stance in m relat on to time hme mterval interval mtervalthat intervalthat intervalthat that brought brought about the birth of ofradar ofradar ofradar ofradarHhat radar radar"hat Hhat "hat hat " { { hat Radar Is IsRadar IsRadar IsRadar Radar is an apparatus that sends sendsout sendsout sendsout out short wave impulses in m a nar narrow narrow narrow row concentrated beam Impulses Impulsesthat impulsesthat impulsesthat that are reflected from an obJect obJectthey objectthey objectthey they hit and are returned on re rebound rebound rebound bound to the receiver It Is based basedon basedon basedon on a simple pr nciple nClple ocrple as simple slIDple as asthe asthe asthe the occurrence of an ethoRadar echoRadar echo etho echoRadar Radar . waves v.aves vaves travel ng with the thespeed thespeed thespeed speed of light 11ght 186 000 miles mlles a sec second secend second ond end streaking streakmg across space and re rebounding rebounding rebounding bounding from the target to return returnto returnto returnto to their start ng point pomt pointAt pomtAt pointAt At comparat ve ye long range it can canpick canpick canpick pick up cities cltles determine detcrmlne water bod hod bodles hodles bodles les pick up ships in the tog fog planes planesIn planesIn In the clouds submar nes or Icebergs icebergs ice bergs on dark \ inter mter nights The Thed Thed d stance of a target from the radar radartransmitter radartransmitter radartransmitter transmitter can be determmedIf determinedIf determined determmed It If one thousandth thous 1ndth < of a second m in mtervenes intervenes tervencs tervenes bet between betacen . een the outgoing and andIncommg andincoming andIncoming Incommg incoming s gnal then the round tnp trip tnpdistance tripdistance tripdistance distance the radar traveled would be beone beone beone one ore one Ol1e thousandth of 186000 186 000 miles i r a appt ppt ppts s } b i t 7 ' * a ' y yY Y jxa ' , L t K Radar equipment recently made tills this search of surroundmg surrounding terrain terrainLettered terrainLettered Lettered on the photograph of the plan poslhon position Indicator scope , are aredesIgnations aredesignations desIgnations of points picked np up by the radar pulse a second or 186 miles The range of ofthe ofthe otthe the object would therefore be half halfof halfof halfof of 186 or 93 miles mlles Radar has been beenperfected beenperfected beenperfected perfected to see beyond the honzon horizon honzonbut horizonbut horizonbut but it will not see through water at atpresent atpresent atpresent present stage developmentPhysIcal of development developmentPhysical develop-ment develop ment development - Physical Mahe Make Up UpThe UpThe UpThe The actual physical make up of ofradar ofradar ofradar radar sets varies vanes Uses and manu manufacturers manufactorers manufacturers facturers factorers will w1l1 develop different differenttypes differenttypes differenttypes types as has been true with radlOs radios radlOsautomoblles radiosautomobiles radiosautomobiles automoblles automobiles or planes In general generalhowever generalhowever generalhowever however they are made up of the thefollowmg thefollowing thefollowing followmg following parts 1 A radio frequency oscillator or orvacuum orvacuum orvacuum vacuum tube or group of tubes tubesThese tubesThese tubesThese These oscillating osclllatmg at a desired fre frequency frequency frequency quency send out into the air the thewaves thewaves thewaves waves 2 A modulator sends out the di direct direct dlrect rect bursts of the short waves waveswillch waveswhich waveswhich willch which enables the receiver to han ham handIe hamdie bandie dIe them themhen \ when \\hen hen they return Eachburst Each Eachburst Eachburst burst of energy is about one onem1lhonth onemillionth onemillionth m1lhonth millionth of a second long the thepause thepause thepause pause between the bursts bemg being a afew afew afew few thousandths of a second mlength 10 in 10length inlength length 3 An antenna which willch directs d1rects the thewaves thewaves thewaves waves on their take off and beams beamsthem beamsthem beamsthem them in 10 particular direction and distance dlS des dlStance destance tance It is the beaming on a fixed fixedarea fixedarea fixedarea area The antenna is adJustable adjustable to tocover tocover tocover cover any part of the entire horIZon horIZonas horizonas as it revolves in 10 a circlea circleApra circle circleThis a Apra 9 9e 9k 9are " k e are ares arecp s . cp t . This photo made during durmg adem ademonstrahon a dew dewonstration demonstration onstrahon onstration of a mobile trailer mount mount- mounted mounted . - ed cd radar set shows the 1llummated illuminated 1llummatedoscilloscope illuminatedoscilloscope illuminatedoscilloscope oscilloscope as the image of a abomber abomber abomber bomber filing flying ) lDg at low altitude came cameinto cameinto cameInto into the range of the radar beam beamDurmg beamDuring beamDuring Durmg During war the antiaircraft anhurcraft : gun s screw screw screw crew would receive e e\.aet e.aet e .aet aet exact ' \ . act location locahon ofthe of ofthe ofthe the bomber Immediately 4 The receiver is the set whIch whichpicks whichpicks pIcks up the returning returnmg waves Slml simi similar similar lar to a rad o 0 receiving recelvmg set 5 The indicator mdlcator or the brains brams is isthe isthe isthe the device v . which h1ch takes the informa informat10n information information t10n tion gathered by the rad o 0 wavesand waves wavesand wavesand and presents them in m readable form formThe formThe The waves are transformed into intoI1ght intolight intolight I1ght light patterns on a radar screen It Itmay Itmay Itmay may cons st at of one or more cathode cathoderay cathoderay cathoderay ray tubes simil-ir simil ir slmlhr srmillr - to the ones used usedfor usedfor usedfor for screen on a tele\ tele tele\is tele is teleIS teletis \ IS on set On Onth Onth Onth th s screen appears a visible elec diet diettronic electromc electronic tromc tronic beam Returning Returnmg radar radarwaves radarwaves radarwaves waves cause the beam to deflect and andit andit andit it is the pa pattern ttern of deflection defiection that thattells thattells thattells tells the story to the operator operatorFurUlshes operatorFurnishes operatorFurnishes FurUlshes Furnishes tteather neather Weather DataWeather DataWeather Data DataWeather Weather forecasting forecastmg has been add added added added ed to the scores of uses tor for peace peacetIme peacetime peacetime tIme rad o 0 development Prompt Promptand Promptand Promptand and accurate v . weather eather information informationis IS already be ng furnished furmshed throughradar through throughradar throughradar radar installations at Wnght Wright field fieldOillo fieldOlio fieldOhio fieldOhioWhen Oillo Olio OilloWhen OlioWhen When used by p lots of commer commerClal commercial commercial Clal cial planes all that is necessary IS ISfor isfor isfor for the p lot to push a sWItch sWItchmarkcd switchmarked switchmarked markcd marked markcdeather \ weather \eather eather Feather and he gets a apicture apicture apicture picture of advan advance e cloud formations formationson on a special screen Trackingclouds TracklOg Tracking TracklOgclouds Trackingclouds clouds instead of a target the thescreen thescreen thescreen screen will wlll l indicate dlcate approachmg approaching approachmgstorms approachingstorms approachingstorms storms at a distance of one to rNO two rNOhundrC'l twohundrel twohundre'l twohundrel hundrC'l hundrCl hundrel ' ' m les - , " " ' " ' ' I ffI e : ; A ) \ , " ' ' fJ fJWP WP WPl"l l"l ll " \ . l lfJ f < N ) " ' > I . , J m N4WW YA ' _ . Z : e eC eii - \ ) C [ i , . , f 4 f " ' ii/ ii iir iid / { r r r - * I " . . _ " , , rown9e oaa . + > mw.m mwm . . + . . H I-t I t d ' This use of radar it 2t is believed believedWIll believedwill believedwill WIll result in the saving of thou thousands thousands thousands sands of hves lIves annually in m additIon additIonto additionto to property loss caused by planes planescrashmg planescrashing planescrashing crashmg crashing during durmg stormsThe stormsThe storms stormsThe The planes will be guided gwded around aroundstorm aroundstorm aroundstorm storm area There is so much muchmOIsture muchmoisture muchmoisture mOIsture in m turbulent clouds that the thesignals thesignals thesignals signals are reflected refiected from the drop dropof drop.of dropof . . of water back to the plane Thuseven Thus Thuseven Thuseven even in m darkness the pilot can detect detectsuch detectsuch detectsuch such suchan an area ahead and go around aroundit aroundit arounditAir it itAIr itAir Air travel will become safe when whenradar whenradar whenradar radar is in universal umversal use Not only onlyWIll onlywill onlywill WIll pilots be able to avoid bad badweather badweather badweather weather but they will be able to see seemOlUltams seemoidntains seemountains mOlUltams moidntains , through clouds by day or ormght ornight ornight mght night and thus avoid crashes crashesIt It offers additional safeguards to toair toair air travel ttavel by do ng away with col collls10ns colhsions colhsions lls10ns hsions in the air and provides a ameans ameans ameans means of safe landing landmg when the fieldwould field fieldwould would be otherwise invisible mVlslble to the thepllot thepilot thepilot pllot pilot . . Aids Ocean Travel Ttavel TtavelOn TravelOn TravelOn On the seas the use of radar will willbe willbe be just lust as effect ve ye as In the aIr aIrIt airIt airIt It will aid the ship captains captams In m avoId avoIdmg avoiding avoiding mg ing Icebergs other ships wrecks wrecksand wrecksand wrecksand and land obstructions that havecaused have havecaused havecaused caused the loss of thousands thousanqs of 11ves lives 11vesin livesin livesin in peace tImeRadar timeRadar time timeRadar Radar will wall continue contmue to serve the thenavy thenavy thenavy navy in peace and its InstallatIon installationon on ships will make surprise surpnse attack attackImpossIble attackimpossible attackimpossible ImpossIble During Durmg war radar has hasbeen hasbeen hasbeen been an important lIDportant factor in accu accurate accurate accurate rate aiming alIDmg of long ranged navalguns navalgunsIts naval navalguns navalguns guns gunsIts Its uses on land have not been beenfully beenfully beenfully fully developer develope9 While radar will re report report report port weather conditions direct land landmg landing landing mg ing of planes there is still a vanety variety vanetyof varietyof varietyof of uses tor for which it will be adaptedAmong adaptedAmong adapted adaptedAmong Among the recent advocated uses usesIS usesis usesis IS the installation lOstallatlOn |