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Show Ten Per Cent of Army Veterans Want to Be Farmers ; Seven SevenPer _ Per Cent CeniHope - Hope to Start Small Businesses I Half flalf Will Work for forWages forWages Wages Once More ; 8 % Goingto Going to School SchoolBy By WALTER A smAD SUELD smADWNU SUELDWNU SHFADWNU : % WNU Washing-ton Washing ton Washington - CorrespondentSeventy CorrespondentSeventy Correspondent CorrespondentSeventy Seventy five per cent of the of offlccrs ofdcers offleers flccrs dcers and enlisted men In the Umt Unit Umted United United ed States army have definite deflmte ideas ideasabout ideasabout ideasabout about what they intend mtend to do when whenthey whenthey whenthey they set get bick b1Ck home Another 20 2L 20per 2Lper 20per per cent have made tentative plans plansfor plansfor plansfor for their postwar work A survey surveyby surveyby surveyby by the research branch of the in information information information formation and education educatJOn division divisioh ofthe of ofthe ofthe the army shows sho\\s sho s \ thatFlIty thatFifty that thatFifty Fifty FlIty two per cent roughly 4 1000 000 000 men plan to work Corsalary forsalary for Cor forsalary salary and wisesSeven wages wagesSeven wagesSeven Seven per cent or about a * halfmllIJon halfmithon halt half haltmillion million mllIJon mithon men Intend to go mtosmall intosmall into mto intosmall small businesses buswesses retail and andservice andservice andservice service trades mostly for themselves themselves them themselvesTen selvesTen selvesTcn selves Tcn Ten per cent or more than 750 000 men plan to operatefarms operatefarms operate operatefarmsEight farms farmsEight EIght per cent or about 600 000 plan to go to school Theremamder Theremainder The Theremainder remainder remamder have made only tcntahvc tentative ten tcn tentative tative tahvc decisions or are re undeclded widecided undo unde wide undoCidcd CidcdThe cldedThe cidedThe Cidcd clded cided The army however po nts " " out outthat outthat outthat that at least three factors must be betaken betaken betaken taken into mto consideration In mterpret interpret mterpretIDg interpreting interpreting IDg ing the results of the survey (1) 1 (1)the (1)the ( ) Ithe ) the length of the war (2) 2 ( ) economic economicopportUDlty economicopportunity economicopportunity opportUDlty opportunity after demobll1zahon demobilization demobilization(3) demobilization3 (3) 3 ( ) an increasing 10creasmg percentage may maysenously mayseriously mayseriously senously seriously consider attending attendmg full fulltime fulltime fulltime time school opening opemng a business or orbuY10g orbuying orbuying buY10g buying a farm Carm under G I Bill of ofRights ofRights ofRights Rights prOV1SlonSOne provisionsOne provisions prOV1SlonS provisionsOne One interest mterest ng feature of this sur\ey sur ey sur sursey sey \ ey reveals that 80 per cent of the thewhJie thewhite thewhite whJie white enlisted enl1sted men plan to return to tothe tothe tothe the states statcs to in wh ch they lived be belore before before lore fore entering entermg the service Th s sleaves sleaves sleaves leaves 20 per cent who may migrate migrateto to another sect on of the country countryAs countryAs countryAs As a matter of fact lact 10 per cent orabout or orabout orabout about 750000 750000men 750 000men 000 men definitely antlcl antics antlclpate anticspate anticipate pate moving movlDg to another state the theother theother theother other 10 per cent being bemg still unde undeclded undecided undecided clded cided This Tills ratio is heavier heav1er in the theNegro theNegro theNegro Negro enbsted enl1sted enlisted personnelwhere personnel where only onlyabout onlyabout onlyabout about t vo thirds th1rds expect e'Cpect eCpect ' ' to go back backto backto backto to the same state in 10 10hlCh which \\hlCh hlCh thich ' \ they resided re resIded resided sIded sidedin in 10 civilian civthan 1 I fe'loung feloung fe feloung loung 'loung ' Men Jllen Going Gomg WestThe West Vest WestThe VestThe The great majority maority ) plan to mi ml migrate mlgrate migrate grate to the Far West Among the theNegroes theNegroes theNegroes Negroes the greater shift is from fromthe fromthe fromthe the South to the northeastern states statesIf statesIf statesIt If the ind 10d md cated sh tts fts material matenal zeamoag ze zeamong zeamong among these returning returnmg sel seivicemen seivicementhey seivicementhey Vlcemen Vlcementhey they may happen as follows 10 1 -0\ 0 - 0rapId \ \ rapid expansion e-pansion e pansion " - to the Pa PaI Pacllie PacHic Paclfic I cllie cHic coast states . 2In 2 -In In - In migration but on n a much muchsmaller muchsmaller muchsmaller smaller scale into mto trc t-oe t oe ti-c ti c ! - - IndustrlaJzed industrialized IndustrlaJzedeast industrializedeast Industrializedeast ! east north central states statesS statesNo 3 S -No No - - No o net movement in go bal hal balancmg halancing balancing ancmg ancing out go in the New England EnglandmIddle Englandmiddle Englandmiddle mIddle Atlantic Atlanbe and mountam mountain mountamstates mountainstates mountainstates states and 4A 4 -A A - A heavy out-mlgration out mlgration out-migration migration - - - Crom from Cromthe fromthe fromthe the highly agricultural agncultural areas run runwng runring runnmg wng ring from the west north centralstates central centralstates centralstates states through the entire cntlre tier of ofsouthern ofsouthern ofsouthern southern statesIf statesIf states statesIf If the plans for 7 per cent of our oursoldIers oursoldiers oursoldiers soldIers to enter business busmess for them themselves themselves themselves selves materialize matenallze it means crea creatlon creation creation tlon tion of a little llttle more than a half mll mci mil1 1 on new firms in 10 the small bUSl busi bUSlness business business ness field or just lust about the number numberwhich numberwhich numberwhich which went out of bus ness in m the thei theto theto thetwo i t\\o t o to ' \ year period penod following followmg Pearl PearlHarbor PearlHarbor PearlHarbor Harbor A great majority malority of o ( these theseabout theseabout theseabout about 52 per cent will enter the theretail theretail theretail retail trade radio stores fill ng rig ngstations rigstations ngstations stations shoes hardware hard\\are hard are harthare ' \ and arid gen general general genoral eral merchandise outlets About 16 16per 16per 16per per cent plan to go into IDtO the sen serice sericefields ser\icefields ser icefields \ Ice Icefields fields 9 per cent into 1Oto wholesale wholesaleand wholesaleand wholesaleand and small manufacturing manufacturmg 8 per cent centI centmto centinto centinto I mto into transportat on and publ pubi c uhll utsli uhllt utslit utilit t es 6 per cent into mto construction constructionthe constructionthe the other 9 P per cent being bemg spread spreadover spreadover lover spreadlover over all other industries mdustnes industriesOf mdustnesOf Of the three quarters of a mill on onmen onmen onmen I men who plan to take up farmmg farming farmmgeIther farmingeither farmingeither eIther as o a vners or farm workers workersthe workersthe workersthe the survey shows that 9 out of 10 10have 10have 10have have had at least a year or more of offull offull offull full time farming farm10g behind them Only Onlyabout Onlyabout Onlyabout about 2 per cent have had no farming farm farming farmtog ing tog experience expenence at all Even rven : the men menwJth menwith menwith wJth with wJthrclat withrelat rclat relat vely vague plans for forfarming forfarming torfarming farming t I lave ave had considerable pre preVIOUS previous previous VIOUS farming farmmg experience expenence One out outof outof outo of ( four of those who ser scm ously plan planto planto planto to farm already o 0 vns a farm Thcse These Thcsemen Thesemen Thesemen men are the least inclined inclmed to ml mi mlgrate migrate migrate grate th s 5 survey shows and the thegrcat thegroat thegreat grcat groat majority of the prospectJve prospective prospectJvefarmers prospectivefarmers prospectivefarmers farmers plan to return to the same samereg samereg samereg reg on from \ wl I l ich Jeh lch they entered the thearmy thearmy thearmy army By and large they expect e'Cpect eCpect ' ' to togo togo togo go back to the same type of Carm farm Carming farmtrig farming ing trig with which tl tI ey are tarn fam lam 1 I ar arThese arThese arThese These three tiuee quarters of am a m iii ] 11 } on onmen onmen onmen men who plan farming as a carcer career carcer.Ire careerdire careerare .Ire Ire dire . roughly rough rough1 ! ) equ valent to the total total\ total totalho \ ' ho were farming farmtng just prior pnor to m in mductlon induction induction ductlon duction although induct mduct on rccords records rccordssho recordssho recordsshow sho\\ sho shothat sho \ that more than a million mlllJOn and a ahalf ahalf ahalt half men mcn have been bcen taken from the thefarms thefarms thfarms ( farms These Thcse Those however ho\\ever ho ever boeyer ' \ included REGIONAL ' ( Pe Perc PercNortheast re reNortbeast Nortbeast Northeast NortheastNotth / r : ; J . , North Notth Central . - - - - - F 1----- 1 135 . . . : . . . . : } 35 3S : % : E : . . . . ' ? , - fart tarn i youthsho youths who \\ho ho \ ho were in school and antI andwere antItere andweie were tere not classed ictually 1ctually as farro farm farroers farmers farmers farmersNot ers ersNot ersNot Not Room for Cor All on LandAccord LandAccord Land LandAccord Accord ng to the army the thechances thechances thechances chances are that the nation s farms farmswIll farmswill farmswill wIll not be . . . able to absorb all of the themen themen themen men planning to return to them thorn in inspite inspite , spIte of the current shortage o 0 * ' a amillion amillion I mIllion farm workers The army armysays armysays armysays says that ruralareas rural areas normally pro produce produce produce duce more young men andwomen and women womenthan womenthan I Ithan . than can be efficiently utilized on onthe onthe the farm tarm The problem may very verywell verywell verywell well become acute considering the theV thev I production producbon "artime artime V " artime increase in farm produc bon tion achieved by more efficient use useof useof useof of labor on fewer farms farmsA farmsA I IA A little more perspective on the problem may be had by a furtheranalysis further furtheranalysis furtheranalysis analysis of the intentions mtentlons of these thesemen thesemen thesemen men definitely defimtely planning planmng to farm In Inthe Inthe Inthe the first place the survey makes makesIt makesit It clear that a much larger prop propor propert proport or ort t on of the men want to become becomefarm becomefarm becomefarm farm operators by either buying buymg or orrentmg orrenting orrenting rentmg renting than were farm operatorsbefore operators operatorsbefore operatorsbefore before the war A majority majonty say saythey saythey saythey they can count on returning returnmg to a atract atract atract tract of at land which they or theIr theIrfamll theirfamil theirtamil famll famil es own or they already alreadyhave alreadyhave alreadyhave have in mmdd mind mmd d 4 specific piece of ofland ofland ofland land they expect e-pect e pect " - to buy or rent rentHowever rentHowever rentHowever However one out of every three indicate 10 in 10dlcate indicate dlcate dicate they will need to locate a afarm afarm afarm farm to rent or buy after leavmg leaving leavmgthe leavingthe leavingthe the al aimySo aimy aimySo my mySo So if 1f the plans of all these pro pro- prospective prospective prospective - - spective farmers materialize matenalize there therewlll therewill therewill wlll will be thousands of veterans look looking lookbig looking ing big tor for farms in lo the postwar period penod periodand penodand periodand and they very well may come comeup comeup comeup up against agamst a shortage of good land landwhich landwhich landwhich which may too be selling selllng at much muchhigher muchhigher muchhigher higher prices than before the war warSo warSo warSo So there is 1S tear fear on the part of the thearmy thearmy thearmy army that many of these men may maybe maybe maybe be forced to settle on cheaper submarg sub submarg submarg marg nal landThe landThe land landThe The army points pomts out that rel reI rd ef efwould efwould efwould would be possible on this score if iflarge Iflarge iflarge large sect ons of public publ1c domain or orreclalmed orreclaimed orreclaimed reclalmed reclaimed land becomes ava lable lableAbout lableAbout lableAbout About one out of s a x veterans said saidthey saidthey saidthey they would be willing willmg to move onsuch on onsuch onsuch such tracts of landThe landThe land landThe The same thing thmg is true with re respeet respect respect speet spect to the farmer serviceman as aswJih aswith aswith wJih with the prospective business busmess manmost manmost man manmost most of them are th . nking n1.mg n1mg of oflOvest ofinvest ofinvest lOvest invest ng rig sums ranging rang10g up to $4 4 $ 000 000ThIs 000This 000This ThIs may be compared with wJih the department de department department partment of agriculture est mates of of$5 of5 $5 5 $ 000 to $8 8 $ 000 as the average cost costof costof costof of the tarn fam ly sized farm not count counting counting 109 ing necessary tools equipment live livestock livestock livestock stock etc So these prospective prospectivefarmers prospectivefarmers prospectivefarmers farmers w 11 also need financIal financIalhelp financialhelp financialhelp help Ho v e many will actually endup end endup endup up on the farm wiU wIll depend on tills this tillsaid thisaid thisaid aid and on the comparative comparabve oppor opportun opportun opportun tun tics ties offered by industry mdustry and ag agnculture agriculture agnculture nculture riculture after the warIn warIn war warIn In conjunct CODJunct on with the AmerIcan AmerIcanHlstoncal AmericanHistorical AmericanHistorical Hlstoncal Historical association the Armed ArmedForces ArmedForces ArmedForces Forces inst tute has prepared abooklet a abooklet abooklet booklet entitled Shall I Take Up UpFarmmg UpFartning9 UpFarming7 Farmmg Fartning9 ? wh ch is available at the theGovernment theGovernment theGovernment Government Printing Prmtmg Offce Ofl'ce Oflce ' Wash Washmgton Washington Washmgton mgton ington 25 D CJ1o CMost C CMos J\1o J 1o Most \ Mos > t " flill Will 111 Work for Cor WagesOf WagesOf Wages WagesOf Of course by tar far the greatest seg segment segmerit segment ment merit of the armed forces plan pian towork to towork towork work tor for wages on their return Two Twoaspects Twoaspects Twoaspects aspects of the plans of these four fourm fourm tourm m 11 II on men are noteworthy note\\orthy note orthy notesorthy \ FIrst FIrstonly Firstonly Firstonly only one third of the white enhsted enlisted enhstedmen enlistedmen enlistedmen men menho \ who \\ho ho tho t \ ere crc employees be before beforeinduct beforeinduct Core Coremduct mduct induct on and plan to be employees employeesafter employeesafter employeesafter after the war defin defln tely expect togo to togo togo go back to their former employers employersAnother employersAnother employersAnother Another one third say they may re return return return turn but are not sure Th s leaves leavesanot leavesanoll leavesanoti anot anoll ! er em mill on men who w ' \ s 11 either eithermIgrate eithermigrate cithermigrate mIgrate and move to other jobs 3obs or or\ or orho \ % ho have learned ne v trades and ande'Cpect andexpect andexpect e'Cpect eCpect expect ' to do d ( fferent Terent workAs workAs work workAs As a matter of fact tl t ti ! e tendency tendencyamong tendencyamong tendencyamong among a laige lalge percentage of these theseservIcemen theseservicemen theseservicemen servIcemen ] is S to aspire for work workcall workcall : caJI call ng rig tor for a higher le\ le level leel \ % |