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'KSL KSL ' , t by bya'Y M MHero if - a'Y aY ' a " + r f R w- w w.WA r # zit zitMks " ' .WA WA . ' 9 Mks . . s va > 1 14iA4 4iA4 4iA4TO $ TO\ TO TOS \ < S r A AvAWwS -vAWwS vAWwS Wo4Nnet Wo4Nnety - . y ' < n - 'w w c " ' . w f fa a n v aaaw t Yn h awa f . a u . w M h t tHero Hero Hcro monkey-that's monkey that's thats monkey - that's thats ' what science calls tlie the tiny tmy rhesus monkc monkey ) , like the little fellow reIlow here , whose wIlose nose IS ISbemg isbeing isbeing bemg being sprayed spraycd in an an experiment e"qerlment eqerlment " ) to test tcst a prc preventive ' entn e for infantile piralysis pualysls plralysis ; thousands of monkeys have bave died In Inthe inthe inthe the cause . If 1f the sprays prove successfulon successful on humins hum\ns hum ns humans " \ it may mean the end cnd of pitiful plhful cases like that of the bttle little bttlegirl littlegirl littleg-irl littleg irl girl - abo above , c . . The T1IC amiuil annu'll annull annual ' , , nation-wide nation wide - - series scncs of President's Presidents ' Blrthda Birthday ; } parties partlcs helps to raise funds for the re- re rescarch research re research - - search scarch work ; a . scene from one is also shown . , . i . i I I ByVILLIAl1 By WILLIAM \VILLIAl\1 VILLIAl 1 \ \ C . UTLUYXTITH UTLEY UTLUY UTLEY'YTHTH 'YTHTH YTHTH ' a wave of infantileV InfantIle infantileparalysis WITH XTITH paralysis assuming assummg seri sen- sen seni senous seri- seri serious serious - - ous proportions in the south southcentral southcentral central region of the Umted United UnitedStates UnitedStates States , science may find Its itslongawaited itslong-awaited itslong awaited long-awaIted long awaIted - oppoi OppOl tumty tunlty tunity to tomake tomake make mass tests of nose nosesprays nosesprays sprays as a means of pre- pre preventmg preventing pre preventing - - venting ventmg the dread , cripplingdisease crIpplmg crippling cripplingdisease dIsease . . Nasal sprays have proved nearh nearly nearly100 " 100 per cent effective upon labora labora- laboratory laboratory laboratory - - tory monkev monke monkey ; } s which WhlCh respond to poli roll- roll poli- poliomyelitis rollamyelitIs poliomyelitis - omyelitis amyelitIs ( ( infantile mfantIle paralysis paralysls ) in m the thesame thesame thesame same way humans do But until an anctenslve anextensive anextensive ctenslve extensive " , outbreak of the dIsease dIseaseoccurred diseaseoccurred diseaseoccurred occurred there \ was \ as no chance to toconduct toconduct toconduct conduct experiments upon humans humansfor , for the lives hves of large numbers ofpersons of ofpersons ofpersons persons must not be endangered un- un unnecessarIly unnecessarily un unnecessarily - - necessarily necessarilyNow Now that outbreak may be at athand athand hand , for the south central reglOns regions reglOnsi reglOnsare regionsare regionsare are reporting an increase mcrease in m "polio polio "polio"cases poliocases " " cases far over the normal mcrease increase mcreaseWhlCh increasewhich increasewhich mcreaseI WhlCh which comes with the summer summermonths summermonths summermonths summerI months Between May 9 and July July24 24 there were , , according to the theUmted theUnited theUnited Umted United States public health serVlce service service,486 service486 , 486 cases reported from the west westsouth \ westsouth est estsouth south central region as compared comparedwIth comparedwith comparedwith wIth only 18 cases for the same pe penod penod rIOd nod of 1936 and 65 cases for the thesame thesame thesame same period penod of 1935 During Durmg these theseweeks theseweeks theseweeks weeks the east south central reglOn region reglOnreported regionreported regionreported reported 317 cases as compal compared comparedwith compaiedwith ed edwlth wlth with 234 in m 1936 and 57 in m 1935 There Therewas Therewas Therewas was some Indication indlcatIon of the spread of ofthe ofthe ofthe the disease eastwardDoctors eastwardDoctors eastward eastwardDoctors Doctors hope that the nose sprayv/ill sprayv ill spray spraywIll spraywill wIll / be proved definitely defil1ltely successful successfulin successfulm m in its application apphcatIon to human bemgs beings beingsfor , for it is more than a century smce since smcethe sincethe sincethe the first written account of poho polio pohoI pohoMyelltIs poliomyelitis poliomyelitis I MyelltIs myelitis was made by a tramed trained tramedphysIcian trainedphysician trainedphysician trainedphysicianEnglish physIcian physicianEnglish English Eugllsh Doctor Started Startcd Crusade Crusadc . . Even so progress has been phe- phe phenomenally phenomenally phe phenomenally - - nomenally rapid in m the light I1ght of the theage theage theage age of the disease dlsease , for it is prob prob- probably probably prob- prob probably - - ably as old as mankind mankmd mankmdBut mankindBut mankindBut But it was only 102 years ago that thatDr thatDr thatDr Dr John Badham , of Worksop Wor1.sop Wor1sop . Eng England England England land , moved by the condl condition lon of four fourtmy fourtiny fourtiny tmy tiny patients , pleaded through the themedIUm themedium themedium medIUm of medical journals for Ior oth other othen other I , er en doctors to come to his Ius aid ald Wlth with WlthsuggestIons withsuggestions withsuggestions suggestIons for the cure of a dlS- dlS dlScase dis disease - . ease case nobody knew an anything anthing ; } thmg aboutDr aboutDr about aboutDr Dr Badham's Badhams ' paper , telling tellmg of the theplight theplight theplight plight of the four crippled cnppled young young- youngsters youngsters - . sters doomed to pathetically pathehcally unhap unhappy unhappy unhappy py lives I1ves , , launched one of the great greatcst greatest greatcst cst est crusades in m medical IllS history historyPoorly historyPoorly tory toryPoorly Poorly equipped as thev they the ; } were , , doc doe doctors doetors doctors tors of the Nineteenth Nmeteenth century dld did dldnot didnot didnot not hesitate hesltate in m responding respondmg to the pia pro pianeermg proneering pioneenng neermg neering Badham's Badhams ' call for asslst assist asslstance assistanee assistance assistanceOnly ance anee anceOnly aneeOnly Only five ; } sears ears later , Jacob von vonHerne , vonHeine on onHeInc HeInc Herne , , German orthopedic surreon surgeon surreonof surgeonof surfconof of Cannstaat , rmde m"lde mlde mule " public pubhc an Im- Im Important important im important - portant study of infantile mfanhle paralysis paralysisHIs paralysisHis paralysisHis HIs practice brought him 1um hum in contact contactwith contactwith contactwith with many cases of deformed I1mbs limbs I1mbsm limbsin limbsin m in children clllldren A shiewd shietrd SIll eud observer , he henohced henoticed henoticed nohced noticed something omethmg about young pal par palalytlcs paralytics paialytics alytlcs alytics which other medical men menhad menhad menhad had largely ovcrlool ov.rlool ovrlool ( . ed He saw Sa\l Sa l \ that thatparalSlS thatparalysis thatparalysis paralSlS paralysis ; } was the result of some somekind somekind 1.ind 1ind kind . of acute dlseasehlCh disease dlsease \ which \\hlCh hlCh \ preced preced- preceded preceded preceded - ed the appcaiance appeaH\DCe appeaH DCe appearance \ of muscular muscularweakness muscularweakness muscularweakness muscularweaknessGet weakness weaknessGct weaknessGet Get Gct on Tiail Tlall Ttail of GermThe Germ Gum GermThe The discovery dlscovery was cpochil epoch\1 epoch 1 epociinl " \ for , , in inother inother Scother other words , , Heine perceived that thatpalalvsls thatpaialvsis thaipaialvsis palalvsls paialvsis in 10 children chlldren didn dldn t just hap happenlt happenit happen pen-lt pen lt pen-it it - it had a definite defil1lte rmtc.cedent rmtccedent antecedent rmtc.cedentcause antecedentcause antecedentcause . cause He \ won \ on for himself Illmsclf a place placeof placeof placeof of honor in m ranks of tnose battling battlinc against agamst the spread of infantile mfantlle paral paralYSIS paralysis paralysis YSIS It was a battle that wIdened widenedto to many more fronts as time bme woreon wore woreon woreon on , and b by 1885 the infectious mfechous na- na nature nature na nature - - ture of the disease was pretty gen gen- generally gen- gen generally generally - - erally acceptedYet acceptedYet accepted acceptedYet Yet it was not until unbl 1908 that the thefirst thefirst thefirst first real advance was made in m the thesearch thesearch thesearch search for a germ Then Land Landstemer Landsteiner Landsterner stemer steiner and Popper , in 111 Pans Paris . , inject 111Ject- 111Ject inject- 111Jected injected injected - ed portions of the brain bram and spmal spinal spmalchord spinalchord spinalchord chord , taken from a fatal human humancase humancase humancase case of infantile mIantIle paralysis paralysls , intosome mto into mtosome intosome some monkeys The They Thcv ; } succeeded m in mmfectIng ininfecting ininfecting mfectIng infecting the monkeys monl.eys monleys . with the dIS ds dISease dsease disease ease , thus tllUS putting it on an experi expen- expen experi- expenmental experimental experimental - - mental basis for the first time bme Only Onlya a short time bme later several doctors doctorsalmost doctorsalmost doctorsalmost almost simultaneously managed to topass topass topass pass poliomyelitis from one monkey monkeyto to another They were Flexner and andLewIs andLewis andLewis LewIs in 111 New York , , Leiner Lemer and Von VonWIesner VonWiesner VonWiesner WIesner in Vienna , and I 1 andstemer andstemerand andstemerand andstemcrand and Levaditi Levadlh Levaditt in Parrs Pan . : ; ' ; . The way was now cleared to tostudymg tostudying tostudying studymg studying the mechanism mechal11sm of the dlS- dlS dis- dis dlSease disease dis disease - ease Itas It was \\as as ttas \ \ indicated mdlcated how the thegerm thegerm thegorm germ was spreading , , but sClenhsts scientists sClenhstsstIll scientistsstill scientistsstill stIll had not banded in 111 any zany ul1ltcd united ul1ltcdefTort unitedeffort unitedeffort efTort effort It took a national nahonal tragedy tragedyto to wake wahe them upIn upIn up upIn In the summer of 1916 the great greatmfantlle greatinfantile greatinfantile mfantlle infantile paralysis epidemic epldemic hit hlt the theUmted theUnited theUnited Umted United States It began in m a small smallarea smallarea smallarea area in m Brooklyn then spread rap rap- rapIdly rapidly rapidly - idly over the rest of New York CIty CItyand Cityand Cityand and Long Island , eventually cascad cascad- cascad109 cascading cascading - - ing 109 over the entire country It Ittouched Ittouched Ittouched touched every state , and struck struckdown struckdown struckdown down more than 25 000 persons personsmost , m2st most , of them childrenHealth children chlldren childrenHealth Health Hcalth Officers Officcrs at Loss . Panic Pamc swept the nation nahon In themistaken the themlstaken themistaken mlstaken mistaken belief bellef that only those un under under under der sixteen slxteen were susceptible , rall rail rallroad railroad railroad road officials refused to let chIldren chIldrenrIde childrenrude childrenride rIde rude on trains trams Vigilante VlgIlante bands of ofeltlzens ofcitizens ofcitizens eltlzens citizens established estabhshed unofficial unofficlal mar martIal martral martial tIal tral law in m many places , and healLh health healLhcerhficates healthcertificates healthcertificates cerhficates certificates werereqUired were were- - required as "pass pass "pass- "passports "passports "passports " - ports " for Chlldl childien children en moving movmg from one onecommumty onecommunity onecommunity commumty community to anothe another anotherHealth " Health officers made every con concClvable conceivable conceivable cClvable ceivable effort to check the dISe"lSe dISelSe disease diseisebut " , but they still stIlI lacked a workll1g working workll1gknowledge workingknowledge workingknowledge knowledge of ways , v.a\s v.as v.a va s \ . a ; } \ s and means to tocombat tocombat tocombat combat its ravages Th Tho Thu ( > ' epIdemIc epIdemIcdlCd epidemicdied epidemicdied dlCd died of itself Itset ! finally , , and so dld did dldpublic didpublic didpublic public terror There have been less lcss- lcss less- lesser lcsser lessor - or er epidemics epIdemlcs since smce then ; : 15000 15 000 cases caseswere caseswere caseswere were reported in m 1931 , and 10000 10000each 10 000 000each 000each each m in the years } years ears 1927 and 19351Iedlcal 1935Medical 1935 1935Medical ! \ Medical 1\Iedlcal 1 Iedlcal science SClence recognized recogmzed Iman infan ImantIle infanthe infantile tIle the paralysis as one of its mostchallenging most mostchallenging mostchallenging challenging problems and redoubled redoubledits ItS efforts to find an answer Foun Foundahons Foundations Foundations dahons dations , research laboratories both bothpubllC bothpublic bothpublic publlC public and private pnvate , universities umverSlhes and andindl andindividuah andindividuil indl\ indl indlIdu'11 individuah \ Idu'11 Idu11 ' ph physicnns physicrins ; } SlCl'1nS SlCl1nS ' and research researchworkers researchworkers researchworkers workers conccntiatcd conccnhated concentrated their thelr atten aUen- aUen atten- aUenbon attention attention - tion bon upon ItBut itBut it itBut But it remained for a laym'ln laymln laym layminCol ' in , , Col . Henry L Dohcrtv Dohert Doherty ; } , , to begin begll1 the themost themost themost most novel move in the battle , one oneWhlCh onewhich onewhich WhlCh which populinzed popuhrIzed the fight 11ght among amongall amongall amongall all cl-isscs cl isscs chsses cusses - of Americans Presldent President Presldentrranl PresidentPranhlin PresidentFranklin rranl Pranhlin hn D Roosevelt , , himself hlmsclf a atlctun a\ictim a ictim tlctun \ Icbm of infantile Infanhle pal paialvsis paralysis aI ; } SIS , 111 in 111splred inspired inspired splred spired the mo\ mo move moe mote \ e President Presldent Roose |