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Show " EUROPE EUROPEWATCHESSPANISH WATCHES SPANISH WARAnxiously WAR WARAnxiously Anxi Anxiously Anxiusly usly A Await Avait , vait Outcome OuLCOlne of Struggle Between Betveen , Right an and LeftI Left I Y : ; Factions ; May Change World T orIel TorIel History IIistory . By WILLIAM C . UTLEYO UTLEYRDINARILY UTLEY UTLEYORDINARILY < : < ORDINARILY O /ORDINARILY ORDINARILY / RDINARILY you can take tale a Spanish revolution as a Greek Greekrevolution Greekrevolution GreekY revolution , or you can let itatone it alone atone . The general custom customamong customamong customamong among the laity of obscn obserti ers in America in 111 the past has been to tolet tolet tolet let 'cm cm 'em em ' alone . In Greekrevolutions Greek revolutions the government changes hands betwecn between betwecnmatince betweenmatinee betweenmatinee matince matinee and evening performances performanccs and , although whole navies naviesare naviesare naviesare are captured , no one ever gets hurt . The ordinary Spanish Spanishrcvo Spanishrevo revo-"lution revo "lution lution rcvo revo - : = " Jution lution is much the same , the one distinguishing factor being bcmg that thatmurder thatmurder thatmurder murder andmayhcm andmayhem and mayhem mayhcm aie ale present prescnt , but nobody gets hurt except exceptSpaniards exceptSpaniards exceptSnaniards Spaniards . < ? , Ever smce SlDce since Spain Spsm lost her last lastAmerlcan lastAmerican lastAmerican Amerlcan American colonies some 30 odd oddyears oddyears oddyears years ago , not rlot riot , revolution revolubon and re- re rebelhon re rebellion - bellion belhon have been rife in the sunny sunnyland sunnyland sunnyland land $ Sut ut because , in m the past , , these theserevolutJons theserevolutions theserevolutions revolutJons revolutions have been of little httle con con- consequence consequence consequence - sequence outside the borders ot of ofSpun ofSp-un ofSp un . Sp'un Spun - ' itself , other nations nabons , even eventhose eventhose eventhose those on the European contment continent continenthave , have been justified justLfied m ill in merely re- re remamlDg remaining re remaining - maining mamlDg aloof and letting lettmg matters matterstake matterstake matterstake take their course until once more morea a Spanish Spamsh government of one land kind landor kindor kindor or : another mother is ans\\ ans answering ansermg \ \ ermg the 'phones phones 'phonesAloofness 'phonesAloofness 'phonesAloofness phonesAloofness ' Aloofness often is only official as It ItIS itis itis IS possible to do a neat little llttle busi busI- busIness business - ! ness in 10 arms with WJth both warrmg warring warrmgI warrmgsIdes warringsides warringsides I sIdes , unofficJ unofficially .IIy IIy . . But with this tlus newest and most mostserious mostserious mostserious serious of Spanish Spnmsb revolutions revolubons thecustomary the thecustomary thecustomary customary policy pollcy of laissez - falre faire falreamong faireamong faireamong among her neighbors nelghbors is one diffi d1ffi- d1ffi diil- diil d1fficult diilcult difficult - cult cult , , if not impossible , to maintalD maintain maintalDror maintaintor maintainFor ror tor here in m SpainlS Spain is lS now the ulti ultI- ultImate ultimate - mate expression eJ.preSSlon eJpreSSlon . of a struggle that thatIS thatis thatis IS now going gOlDg on among the peoples peoplesof of nearly every nation nabon m lD in EuropeSee Europe EuropeSec Sec See Death StruggleThis Struggle StruggleThis This ThlS is not a civil C1Vl1 \ war \ ar to deter deter- determme determine determine - mine mme whether republic republ1c or monarchy monarchyshall monarchyshall monarchyshall shall be the form of government governmentActually governmentActually governmentActually Actually it docs does not involve mvolve the thequestIon thequestion thequestion questIon of how the nation nahan shall be begoverned begoverned begoverned governed so muchas much as who shall govern gov gov- govern govern - ern it it itThis . . This ThlS is lS a death battle betwecn between betwecnwhat betweenwhat betweenwhat what have come to be called 10 in 10Europe inEurope inEurope Europe , and are more and morefrequently more morefrequently morefrequently frequently mentioned here m in the theUmted theUnited theUnited Umted United States , the Right Rlght and theF the F . j t x g gw ' * Miswsfttiyy w o . r rGen Gen . : Emiuo Jmlllo Emiho \ Alola 1\Iola 1 Iola Viola , , Rebel Leader . Left LcU On the Right is 1S Fascism Fasclsm , on onthe onthe onthe the left is lS Socialism Soclallsm On the one oneslde oneside oneside slde side are the monopolies monopol1es , the bureau bureau- bureaucrats bureaucrats bureaucrats - crats and the big blg land owners , on onthe onthe onthe the other are the peasant farmers farmersthe , the small business busmess men , union unlon labor laborand laborand laborand and the proletariat proletarlat proletariatIt proletarlatIt It may be truth truthfully . ully said that thatpractIcal1y thatpractically thatpractically practIcal1y practically all Europe today is dI- dI dIvIded divided di divided - vided into mto Rightist and Leftist fac- fac factions fac factions - tions The sharp line Ime of demarcahon demarcation demarcahonbecomes demarcationbecomes demarcationbecomes becomes more apparent with Wlth each eachne eachnew eachnew ne\ ne new neheated \ ' . heated political polltJcal debate , . witheach WIth WItheach witheach each new spirited spIrJted election elechon For that thatreason thatreason thatreason reason every European eye is dl- dl di- di dlrectly directly di directly - rectly focused upon Spain Spam Deeply Deeplyconcerned Deeplyconcerned Deeplyconcerned concerned are France , whose new newLeftist newLeftist newLeftist Leftist government has hi1s not yet yetproved yetproved yetproved proved the panacea it \ was \ as heralded heraldedto to be , Germany , which WhlCh will wl11 find findnew findnew findnew new cause causc to arm against agamst "the the "theRcds "theReds "theReds theReds " Rcds Reds " if the Lett Left wins WlDS and a new newictory newvictory \ lctory ictory over communism communlsm if the theRlght theRight theRight Rlght Right RlghtVms \ wins \Vms Vms , Italy would welcome a astrong astrong astrong strong Fascist Fasclst neighbor , and c- c celusIve eelusive in e- e inclusive - . - clusive elusIve of her subtler political pohtJcal m- m in- in mterests interests in interests - terests , Great Britain Brltam must protect protectGIbraltar protectGibraltar protectGibraltar GIbraltar . While Whlle former revolutions revoluhons in 10 Spam Spain Spamhave Spainhave Spamhave have resulted in only qualified quaWied vic vic- victories victories . - tories tones or defeats , it is generally gcnerally con con- conceded conceded conceded - ceded that this one will be decis1Ve decisive decisiveIt decis1VeIt It may string strmg along for many manymonths manymonths manymonths months , even j > years ears , but it will bea be bea bea a fight to a fimshEurope finishEurope finish fimsh finishEurope Europe Watches Struggle StruggleYet StruggleYet StruggleYet Yet what is important about thlS this thlSCl thiscurl thiscivil Cl\ Cl Cl11 curl \ 11 war is not which government govc-nmentRight govc nmentRight ' - , Rlgbt Right or Left , . emerges vlctorlous victorious victoriousthe , the choice cholce of the majority maJorJty of people peopleIt It is the fact that there is a senous serious senousfight seriousfight seriousfight fight This is 1S a bloody and cruelwar cruelwar cruel cruelwar war . Homes , theaters , hospItals hospItalshave hospitalshave hospitalshave have become ammunition ammunlbon centers centersnnd centersand centersand nnd and barracks bnrracks Snipers Smpers spit death deathout deathout deathout out of store windows , cannon wheels wheelsi wheelsscar wheelsscar wheelsscar i scar the surfaces of at . plains plams , thedrone the thedrone thedrone drone of bombers disturbs the calm calmat calmof calmof at of . fabled tabled Spanish skiesRlght skiesRight skies skiesRight Right Rlght and Left have hi1vC taken tnken arms armsagamst armsagainst armsagainst agamst against each other . All Europe Europewatches Europewatches Europewatches watches For years the contmcnt continent contmcnthas continenthas continenthas has been a tinder under box , awaiting awaltJng a ami1tch amatch amatch mi1tch match to set it off Crisis after aftercnS1S aftercrisis aftercrisis cnS1S crisis has been passed and anothergreat anothcr another anothcrgreat anothergreat great greatar \ v\ar v ar \\ar war \ has been averted a\.crted a.crted a .crted crted \ . or post post- postponed postponed postponed - poned , sometimes sometlJIles ever so narrowly narrowly.May narrowlyMay . 1\1ay 1 1ay May \ not this develop into the net nett nettof netI netof nextof " ( I of these great crises7 crises9 crIses ? What wlIl will willFrance willFrance France do if It . It Italy lly sends aid to thc the thcI'asclsts theFascists theFascists7 ! I'asclsts Iasclsts Fascists ' ? What will Germany do If IfI IfRed ifRed ifRed Red tUSSI ! RUSSIA " interferes mtertercs on the other otherside otherside otherside7 otherside7The I side ? ' ! The Spanish Amencan3r American Amencan \ war \\3r 3r \ may maybe I be al albitranly arbitrarily bltrarlly taken tnheD as the thc real rcal be- be beI be - ' I ginning of ot . the political disintergration dlslDtergra- dlslDtergra disintergra- disintergra dlslDtergrabon dismtcrgra-tion dismtcrgra tion - bon tion of Spain Spam It was less than a adecade adecade adecade decade after that when she lost her herlast herlast herlast last American Amerlcan colony . Four YCi1rs years YCi1rslatcr yearslater yearslater latcr later came the thc first of a series scnes of ofuprlsmgs ofuprisings ofuprisings uprlsmgs uprisings among the people peoplc ; it was wasqucllcd wasquelled wasquelled qucllcd quelled That was m lD in 1909 , in 1917 1917there 1917there 1917there there was another unsuccessful re- re revolt revolt re revolt - - volt voltWhen When the crisis crlS1S after the World Worldw Worldwar w \ ar came , the Spanish Sparnsh Spamsh monarchy monarchyfound monarchyfound I Ifound found itself ltself unable to look after aftcr the thewelfare thewelfare thewelfare theI I welfare of its 23,000,000 23000000 , , subjects subjectswho , who were wcre finding findmg it next to Im- Im Imi Imposslble impossible im impossible - - i possible posslble to make a living llvmg An at- at atI attempt attempt at attempt - I tempt was made to right rlght condIbons conditions conditionsm conditionsin . lD in 1921 when Pnmo Primo de Rivera wasset was wasset i iset set up by the Rightist Rlghtist factions IS as asdictator < : asdictator ! dIctator . It didn't didnt dJln't dJlnt ( ' work . New Regime FailsTen Fails Falls FailsTen Ten years later the republic repubhc was wasvoted wasvoted wasvoted voted in and King Kmg Alfonso XIII was wason wason wason on his hlS sudden way out Spanish Spamsh citi clb- clb citi- clbzens citizens citizens - zens were free men All the ills of ofthe ofthe ofthe the old times bmes were to be bc forgotten forgottenTheIr forgottenTheir forgottenTheir TheIr troubles were over . But , alas , it didn't didnt dldn't dldnt ' work out thatway that thatway thatway way . Actually , the new government governmenthad governmenthad governmenthad had been heralded a few months be- be before before be before - fore its 1tS inception lDcepbon by a serious senous general gene gene- general general - ral strike stnke and an upnsmg uprising among amongthe amongthe amongthe the military mlhtary forces There was the theworld theworld theworld world wide wlde depression to be reck reck- reckoned reckoned reckoned - oned with , and the fact that m 10 in Spam Spain Spamthe Spainthe Spamthe the currency was deflated , mdustry industry industryfrozen mdustryfrozen industryfrozen frozen and foreign forelgn markets for forSpamsh forSpanish forSpanish Spamsh Spanish farmers hopelessly lost lostPrlmo lostPrimo lostPnmo Prlmo Primo de Rivera Rlvera had been drlven driven drlvenmto driveninto driveninto mto into exile eJ.lle eJlle . by rising rlsmg governmental governmentaldebts governmentaldebts governmentaldebts debts and deficits deficlts Pohtical Polltlcal Political hberty liberty hbertywas libertywas libertywas was supposed to rectify rechfy all of thcse these thcsethmgs thesethings thesethings thmgs things Of course it dldn'tWhen didn'tWhen didn't didnt dldn't dldnt didn'tWhen ' When the republic republlc was born 75 75per 75per 75per per cent of the population popu1abon was de- de dc- dc deI dcpendent de dependent - I pendent , directly or indirectly l11dlrectly , up- up upon upon up.on upon . - I upI on agriculture agnculture , yet so evilly vvis W'1S W1S w'is wis ' ' It Itdlstnbuted itdistributed itdistributed dlstnbuted distributed that only one tenth of ofthe ofthe , the farm population could make afair a aI afaIr afair I faIr living l1vmg from it Immense Immenseestates Immenseestates , estates , relics rehcs of feudal days dhys d ' ys , held heldI heldthe heldthe I the really rea11y fertile terble land , tne the poor poorpeasant poorpeasant ! peasant was doomed to watch thou thousands thousands thousands sands upon thousands of acres of ofrIch ofrich ofrich rIch land carelessly , vvastefully wastefully cul cul- culbvated cul- cul cultivated cultivated - - tivated bvated , or even thrown open to toI topasture topasture topasture I pasture , while whlle he , burdened wIth wIthheavy withheavy withheavy . heavy debts , had to work a tmy tiny tinypatch tinypatch patch of poor land The great hordes hordesI hordesof hordesof hordesof I of landless farm - hands , worklDg working worklDgonly workingonly workingonly , only half the year , and then thenI thenat thenat thenat I at meager wages , were steadIly steadIlygrowlDg steadilygrowing steadilygrowing steadilygrowingSmall growlDg growing growlDgI growlDgSmall growingSmall I Small private pnvate industries mdustrles wallowed wallowedhopelessly wallowedhopelessly wallowedhopelessly hopelessly in m debt , while great mo mo- moI monopohes mo- mo monopolies monopolies - - I nopohes'were nopolies nopohes \ ' were \'were 'were so entwined entwmed into mto the thegovernment thegovernment thegovernment government that when there were wereI werelosses werelosses werelosses losses , the taxpayers made them themgood themgood themgood I good , but when there were profits profitsi profitsthe profitsthe profitsthe i the stockholders got them all allWhen allI allWhen allWhen I When the republic repubhc came into mto be- be be109 being be being - ing 109 there were countless and need needless needless needless [ less bureaus eating eatmg the substance of ofthe ofthe ofthe . the treasury A costly and over- over overlarge overlarge over-large over large - large army , with many needlessly needlesslyhlgh needlesslyhigh needlesslyhigh hlgh high salaried salarled officers noted for blun blun- blundermg blundering blundering - dering dermg and extravagant "colomal colomal "colonial colonial "colonial"adventures colonialadventures " " adventures , was being bemg kept hept Unem Unem- Unemployment Unemployment Unemployment - - ployment , starvation starvabon wages and andcontmued andcontinued andcontmued contmued continued repression repreSSlOn from the thei theRight theRight i Rlght Right had concentrated the mass of ofpoor ofpoor ofpoor poor industrial mdustnal workers into mto a few fewldrge fewlarge fewIctrge ldrge large cities and had greatly 10- 10 in- in 10creased increased in increased - creased their thclT numbersExpected numbers numbersExpected Expected E\pected E pected ' \ Drastic Drashc ChangesThe Changes ChangesTlie Tlie The people , rightly rlghtly enough , e'C- e'C eC ex- ex e'Cpected expected ex expected ' - pected drastic drasbc changes from the theMen theMen theMen Men of the Republic Republlc The economic |