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Show IlL IlLWhat What atDoWeMea Do We Mean by "America't Americat " "America America " ' ? I , yN R Ra RBy a By WILLIAM C . UTLEY f fY fpargns , IIOU'RE UTLEYII ca - II in the 1936 election iOn cam- cam camrwR - OU'RE OURE ' go going ng- ng ngto - to hear plenty " and "what what " AmerIca rwR Y about "what what " Amcnca America wants ora- ora orator's - ! ' , f fneeds pargns pafgns which roll off a . politIcal orar oraf \ r f needs . . " These are arc phrases t 1 1tor knrfe knife knifel knifeM house tor's tors tor 's s ' tong-uc tong uc tongue - like peas off a boarding ' ) . I l ' M , . f rk r t t1 . - - $ : y ' 1 $ . x 4 \ 'C C ' , vSs s r rra ra ; f 11 * r \ n styn r a 2 2vy,1r4 sty s . : . < r r f xsfr ( " sus susYr Yr z zx zIA vy,1r4 vy1r4 vy,1r4r , { , x IA IAr ' ' f < 1 ro a\ a \ \ aI4 I4 tsp . . 9 9r 9f 9vi i { < ! aaR aR yyRS\ yyRS yyRSAWJJ oxt7 a r i a ; a aa AWJJ 7 r . < a aa aro f vi vip p as asN asIt N : It takes all kinds of people to make a natIon Left ttar N Nearly tar I IAmerIcans y 5,000,000 5000000 5,000,000Probably , , AmerIcans are criminals , but more than 4000000 4,000,000 , , are a a at t large arge Center:1 Center1 Centeri Center:1l1ondollar CenteriProbably : \ Probably 20,000,000 20000000 , , are on the dole RIght : . : O Only IY IY46re 46re 46 persons have a mil- mil mil - . l1on-dollar l1on dollar Iron-dollar Iron - - Income And before you ) YOU Oll nn and 1 tiy uy ny to figure figureout ngureout gure gureout out which one of these spellbindeis spellbmdels spellbinders isright Is IsrIght Isright rIght about ab\ut ab ut ( \ "what what " " hat America AmcrIca needs ' itmight It ItmIght itmight mIght be " well "ell ell to knojust know kno\\ kno \ \ justb'1.t just \\b'1.t b1.t b'1.t b1t whit whitthey're \ whitthey're whittheyre b'1.tthey're ' . they're theyre ' talking talkmg about when thev they the S'1 S1 sly sly"America siv"America sivAmerica ' . ; } "AmerIca AmerIca " " Cel Ccitilnlv Certainly hlnh , when . hen they tell tellus tellus tellus us tint th\t th t that " \ what will solve so1\e so1 e \ Amenci's Amencis Amenc'l's Amencls America's Americas ' ' prob problem probrem problem lem rem "from from " the rock roc1 bound coist CO'lst COlst coast ' of oflIhlne ofMilne ofMilne lIhlne Milne to the shores of sunny CaIlfor Callfor CaIlfornIa Callfornla Callfornia nIa nla ' ' is a tax ta't tat tai ta'tn ' ( \ on \n n mustache must'lche mustlche ' cups ClipS or a areturn areturn areturn return to multiple petticoats , the they , are arenot arenot arenot not talking about the lind hnd land ItselfNo itselfNo Itself ItselfNo No elm tree e ever , er started a com corn communist cornmunist cornmunlst munist meeting under Its shade In the thepubUc thepublic thepublic pubUc public park No Ko mountain ever e.er eer . w " wiotea 1 i ote otea otea a letter to the editor which beg'ln begln begin begin"Sir beginSir ' " ' "SIr SIr " * ' I note . , not without some due duealarm duealarm duealarm alarm , tint th\t th t that " \ thing thlng9 things ? have ha.e hae . come to a aprety apretty apretty prety pretty ! : pass when , etc " . The r.J.he rJ.he rJhe Tire hnd hndnever ] lindnever and andnever never needed am nnv anything thing until wo we start started started startcd ed 11 living . Ing on ItWhen itWhen it itWhen When the stump epeal : speakers ers refer to to'America to"America to"America toAmerica -'America 'America America "America - " ' " the\ the they the themean \ mean US- US USou us-you us you us - ; } you ou and I Iand Iand Iand and those a\\ a awful aful \ ful Smiths or JDneses J Jane : ne > es or orC7er orC7erw orCyervvlnskis C7er\\ C7er C7erw C7erInsl \ Insl inskis ls who "ho ho " ran that unspe'lk\ble unspe'lk unspelk ble unspeakable unspe'lkblespe'lkeas unspeakablespeakeasy unspeikiblespeikeasv ' " \ spe'lkeas spelkeas speakeasy ' ) belothe below belo\\ belo \ the tr\cl tr cl tricks " \ s They mean meaneoclet meansociety meansociety eoclet society : . . And \ what hat Is ! s society socletv in Amel1ca America Amenca'Theie AmencaTheie ? ' ' ' There are some 130000000 of "ue ue "us us "u"To uTo " " : " To decide \ whit , h'lt hlt ' 130 130000000 000 000 people need needlet needlet needlets let s find out what kind of people thev they thevare theyare thevare thevareThe are areThe The contrasts between beteen bet\\ bet \ een class groups groupsIs Is reilly re\l1y re l1y really " \ as starting startling as that between betweenIndlldu'lls betweenindividuals betweenIndividuils Indl\ldu'lls Indl ldu'lls ldulls individuals \ ' To begin at the vciy velY very bottom bot bot- bottom bottom - tom of our soclet society , there are aCCN according accoidingto accordingto dIng dIngto to J : Edgir Cd\r Cd r Ddgar ! ; " \ Hoovel Hoo.el Hooel Hoover . and the Dep\rtment Dep rtment Department Depirtmentof Deprtmentf Departmentof " \ \f f of ( \ Justice , , no less thin th\n th n titan " \ 811,806 811806 4811,866 4811866 S11SC6 4 , , actl.e actle active actl.ecrlmln'lls activecrlmin'tls activecrimlnils . crlmln'lls crlmlnlls crlmin'tls crlmintls ' ' \ whose hose fingeiprints flngei fingel prints are on file fileIn filein filein In Washington Wnshlngton A few thoimnd thoue"lnd thouelnd thousand : " of ofthese ofthese ofthese these are conscienceless , bold rascals rascals"ho rascalswho rascalswho "ho ho who " would slit sUt their 0\\ 0 own 0n \ n grand grandmoth grandmother's grandmother's grandmothers moth mother's er's ers ' throat for five fi.e fie . bucks buchs bueLs , but the vast Bast vastmajorIty Bastmajority yastmajority majorIty are onl only petty crooks croohs who whowould whowould whowould would steal the pennies out of a blInd blIndman's blindman's blindman's blindmans man's mans ' cup cnp cnpr , ( \ or \r r put on dark glasses and andpretend andpretend andpretend pretend to be blind bUnd men themselvesProbably themselvesProbably themselves themselvesProbably Probably 20000 20000000 20 000 000 are on the dole- dole dolegetting dolegetting dole-getting dole getting - - getting relief rehel . There Is undoubtedly undoubtedlysome undoubtedlysome undoubtedlysome some 0 overlapping erlapping o\erlapping o ' \ bet between " een this and the thefil'st thefirst thefirst fil'st filst first ' group Three fourths of all the thenhon's thenation's thenition's thenitions n\hon's n hon's hons nation's nations " \ ' f fimilics f\mllies f mllies imilies " \ live li.e lie . on Incomes of ofles ofles ofles les . , > , than $2 2 $ 000 a 3 ear And there are areonly areonly areonly only 4G 46 persons-one persons one persons - one In e\ e every eery \ ery 2,820 2820 2,826 2826 2S20 , 081whose 0S7whose OS7 081 0S7 OS7whose -whose whose - whose Income Is $1000000 1000000 ? $ 1000 000 a year 0 o o"more omore o"moreMany " more moreMany Many Crooks Go FreeHoughly FreeRoughly Free FreeRoughly Roughly Houghly , , and purely for the purpose purposecomparIson purposeof purposeof " of comparison , our society miv m\v m v may " \ be becleaved becleaved becleaved cleaved Into t two " 0 dh divisions iSlOns , , admittedly admittedly admittedlyarbitrary admittedlyarbitrary ' arbitrary . They are 75 per cent admittedlyI of the theI thefamm thefamilies thefamilies I I famm families s on less than $2000 2000 $2 2 $ 000 Income and andthe andthe andthe andI the other 2 25 per cent , borne some ome merely merelysoh merelysolvent merelysolvent I solvent soh eiM , some "well well " to-do to do - - ' ' and some somewealthy somewealthy wealthy \ ealthy . . In the larger gioup glOUp group are 'lppro\.imate lppro.imate 'lppro lppro .imate imate appro ' ipproximately 'lppro.imateIy \ . lmate lmately Iy ly )1OOO 1OOO 07,000 07000 ! ) 97,000000 97000000 , 000 persons Thl'Se ThlSe These Th ' se IncJude include IncJudeall includeall includeall all but a feof few fe\\ fe \ of the 1 i 811.8GG 8118GG 811,86G 81186G S11SGC . , crlmln\ls crlmln ls criminals crlmlnlsproving crimlnilsproving " \ , proving tint th"lt thlt that " crime does not piy p\y p y pay " \ Onl Only Onlyabout Onlyabout ; about 12000 12 GOO are reg\l reg l regnded regarded " \ e as 'big big 'bigshots 'bigshotb bigshotb ' big bigshot shot shots ' " ; , " ' pu public Hc enemies , by the Depirt Dep'lrt- Dep'lrt Deplrt Depart- Depart Dep'lrtment Departmeat Depirtment ' - ment meat of Justice Yet crime is said to tocost tocost tocost cost $15000000,000in 15000000000in 000,000in 815000000,000In $12001)000000 12001000000 $12 12 $ 00 OOf . ' ) 000 000 to $1G 1G 815000000,000 815000000000 , $ 000 000,000 000000 , in Americi AmerIc'l AmerIcl America ' Americiredeial AmerIc'lr'edelal Americaredetal ' redeial r'edelal redelal redetal imd .md md and . state pusons plJsons prisons and re reformtorJCS reformitories reformitoncs form\torJCS form torJCS formitories " \ in 1932 1032 " wcie "Cie Cie were entertainIng entertainIngonly entertainingonly entertainingonly only G-1-147 G 1 147 CH,4-17 CH,4 CH4 17 64,447 64447 - , - - 'guests guests ' guests " The number of ofperson ofpersons ofpersons person persons . In city and count counts county jails [ Is s be believ belie belies lie\ lie lies lieed Thesetotals 'Ihesetotal \ cd ed to iluctuite Huctu'te Huctute fluctuate ' ' iround 'lround lround around 300 000 'Ihese Ihese These ' total totals ' ) leave more thin tl1n than , 4000000 4 000 000 crimi crlml criminals crlmlnals criminals nals actually practicing pr.lcUclng prlcUclng . their artLhlng artLiving art artLiving Living Lhlng conl1Uonsf conditions conl1Uons { ( \ of \f f the great mas massof masb mass | of certilnlymuch cert'llnlymuch certainlymuch 20 20000000 000 000 on relief are cert'llnly certllnly certainly ' much condiHons Bonditions below standard st.11dard st11dard stayidnrd . } , but these condi Bondi condltions geogiaphyof geoglaphyof geographyof Hons tions viry v'lry vlry vary ' greitiv gre"lUv grelUv greatly " , with [ th the geoglaphy geography of the tbe country countr ) To people on relIef In reliefin livingstandards ing&tandards Mississippi or Arl Arkinsis Arlns'lS Arkansas \ns'lS ns'lS nslS " \ ' . , the tbe lh living ing ' &tandards tandards standards & ChicagoNew of icllef leUef relief fimilics f'lmlIles flmlIles families ' in Chicago , , New laigercities largercities York or one of the othci othel other lalge larger ; cltles cities Thewhole The"hole " would "ould ould look pretty good The "hole hole whole " group Is equal in the condition conditionthit conditiontht conditionthat th\t th t that ' \ It has been pirtcd p\rted p rted parted " \ from fr\m fr m ( \ allalu all allaluable 'alu alu \alu 'aluable \aluable aluable \ ' aluable able possessionsResearch possessionsResearch possessions possessionsResearch PWAreveals Areveals Research conducted bv by ) the PW PWA A reveals that tbut 8G 30 36 pei pel per cent of all nil the hous nousIng houslng housIng lng Ing In the United Stites St\tes St tes States " \ is ' defInitely definitelysubstandard defInitelysub&tandard sub&tandard subtandard substandard & " In some southern states , stateswhere where the share lotare cropper and his ill III lot are a familiar ugure IJgure ti ure , there are nre In\ny In ny many " \ minycases Innycases manycases cases of 10 or 12 inshacks persons lh 1iv living Ing lug In shacks of we 'iJe iJe one ( ' : or two roomsRelief rooms roomsRelief Relief ReJlef Standards Are Poor . In 1 1930 30 any Chlcaeowhich ChIcagowhich apartment in ChIcago which monthvvns monthwas rented rentcd for le less lees s than $30 30 $ $ 30 a month was ' , as likely ilkely to be far belo belov below standard , with such a thing as n ca \ ' \ bath tub re reJ'arded regarded regarded J'arded Jarded garded ( ' as a lusmy luxmy luxury , andIth and \ with \\Ith Ith rooms roomshaving roomshaving having roomshaving having no outside window wmdow a common commonphce commonplace commonplice phce place Yet at that time nearly one onefourth onefourth onefourth fourth of all housing in Chicago rent rent- rented rented rented - ed for less than $30 30 $ a month and andne'lrly andnearly andneirly ne'lrly nelrly nearly ' one tenth for less than $20Not $20Not $20 20 $20Not $ Not all relief families famlhes live lhe lie by such suchstandards suchstandards suchstandards standards , of course , but those who whodon't \ whodon't whodont ho hodon't don't dont ' are the e"rceptlon-rehablht\ted e"rceptlon erceptlon rehablht ted exception-rehabilitated exception rehabilitated e"rceptlonrehablhttedfarm exceptionrehabilitatedfarm exception " - rehabllititedfarm " \ farm " fimilles f"1mlUes f1mlUes families , for eximple e\'lmple e 'lmple lmple example \ . ' But It Itmay itmay itmay may be sud s\ld s ld said " \ that at "best best " all relief llv liv llvIng livlag livIng Ing lag Is subsistence In living Ing Ingr ( \ or \r r less and andtht andthat andthit th\t th t that " \ malnutrition malnutritlon is common nnd and nndstarvatIon andstarvation andstarvation starvatIon sometimes existent . A large portion of the farm families familiesof of course fall into the cliss chss class which hay h"le hle hivea h"lea " , e ea a ; ) vearly yearly early Income of less than $2,000 2000 $2,000Since $2,000bince 2000bince $ , OOO Since tnce the farmer Is able to raise much muchof muchof muchof of whit "h'lt hlt what " ' he and his family eit e\t e t eat " \ , this muchI in income income Income I come would be proportiomtelv proportlOn'ltel proportlOnltel proportionately ' ; } greater greaterthan greaterthan greaterthan than the same Income foi fOl for a citv city cit familyYet family familyYet I IYet Yet that would be speal speaking mg of the theayerge theaverage theavenge ayerge average , in the cliss chss class It must be re remembered remembered remembered membered that indlviduils mdlHdu"lls mdlHdulls indiiduals " In each one oneof oneof oneof of these class groups , vary ary \ with lth am'l7 aml7 ama7 am'l7ing ama7lag ami7ing ' ing lag difference In the southern Appa Appahcl1ians Appalachlans Appalichians hcl1ians lachlans e\ e even een \ en In the golden g\lden g lden ( \ year , } vear ear 1029 1929theie , there thel e " were "ere ere 52 counties \ where here the an annual annual annual nual income per farm person \ was as less lessthan lessthan lessthan than l00-\nd l00 nd $100-and $100 100 and $100 100 $ - " \ ind e even , en this is an average a\ a aer aver averige \ er erge \ge ge age ' \ i ' These people , too , must be con consldered considered considered sldered sidered when "hen hen " \ we e speik spe'lk spelk speak ' of \ what hat Amer America Amerlea Amerlea ica lea needs-yer needs yer needs ' ' - vef et " they , " with "Ith Ith their primi prlml- prlml primi- prlmlth primith primitive - th tive e a methods and manners belong to tothe tothe tothe the Lighteenth Llghteenth century more thin th'lo thlo than ' to tothe tothe tothe the T\\ T TwentiethMore Twentieth Tentleth TwentiethMore \ entleth entlethMore More thin th\n th n than " \ 10 10000,000 10000000 000,000 000000 , of the 49,000 49000 49,000000gainfully 49000000gainfully , 000 000galDfully 000gainfully galDfully gainfully emplo employed ed persons in 1930 1930were 1930were 1930were were employed in agriculture Most Mostof Mostof Mostof of these fall belothe below belo\\ belo \ the $2,000 2000 $ , line In Infact Infact Infact fact in only a few farm counties was wasIncome wasincome wasIncome Income equal to thit th\t th t that " \ in Industll'll Industllll industrial Industll'llareas industrialareas Industinlareas IndustinlareasThirty ' areas areasThIrty areasThirty Thirty Million on FarmsSome FarmsSome Farms FarmsSome Some light may be thrcm thrown n on the thehvlng theliving theliving hvlng living status of the farmer today when whenit \ whenit hen henIt It Is cited that even in 10\\ 10 Iowa 10a \ a 62 02 per percent percent percent cent of all the faimers fmmers farmers aie me are tenants tenantsThe tenantsThe tenantsThe The tenant farmer situation In the theSouth theSouth . South , with its desperate plight of the theshare theshare theshare share cropper , who lives at the |