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Show . - I aliens ilions .lUY1S lUY1S . ' of 0 0service of f Acres Ruined by Wind Erosion Erosionservice service v.1lI v1lI allI . 111 1II Flint plant 1nt < 3,500,000,000 3500000000 3,600,000,000 3600000000 , , , trees treesIn treesIn , . Ka / $ aY Y ! bars , h In hundieds huncheds hundreds of 01 narrostrips narrow narro\ narro \ ' " strips , , . each n a nhundred ahundred x xE E . 0 "W W " T 1 a , > hundred feet feetlde \ \\lde lde wide \ \ Ide and nnd a n mile apart apartOnly apartv apartOnly v .1 1 ' s % : G c " . y , y < . Only the tIle trees suitable sultnblp suftnb1e to the climate climate"m climatevm \ < i\A i A . \ aa - . - 'y y 'y'Ni ' , . ) ' : < 'Niy . ' Y ' - " f . * ' i ii i / "m m 1111 " , be chosen , , , and there will w111 be gipg g'1p9 g1p9 gaps ' 2 4 ' r q1 $ M - " -'Ni- 'Ni Ni . C / /y y ? 1 a Y \ ' 'S S > sLa r * f y - > i il Retie L LP . . . * ' ' ' ' ' ? l * .AWt AWt / > y jl jlw \w w \ t ; . J . I I "y y " ha = ' , P 9 ; " y WILLIAM C . UTLEYliS UTLEYffiS UTLEY HIS liS ffiS buffalo grass ghould should ghouldDe shouldnever shouldJ t De\ De ne\er ne er Deer never \ er be plowed p'owed powed ' The landw1ll landwill land ; will w1ll just dry up and nnd thewInd thewind the thewind wind will w1ll blow It away , andh and andh h it It . . " l I what wbat the cattlemen catUemen of south- south southColorado southColorado south-Colorado south Colorado - Ih [ Colorado t told told ld the homesteadyears homestead homesteadyears ) ' years 'ears ears ago Tlie The homesteadersthe homesteaders ] { the thc buffalo grass grasq Todly Tod'lY Today ' the theas theas theIns ! , as blown aw awiy aw'lY awlY ' ty the land and andave and.ave andaye .ave ave . ave been forced to movethe move the " she e fanners farmers of the Great Phins Plains Pliinslisas 1 1as as , , Nebraska , Oklahoma Ohlahoma , , TexI Texansas Tex Texansas I [ ansas and Nebraska Nebrnsl.a Nebrnsla . cu1tlv'lted cu1tlvlted cultivated cu1tlv'ltedItDiliJ cultivatedtinds ' It/DiliJ It DiliJ ( ! Inds / with a little more foresight foresightyears -years years - f fears fears ears gone by , they would not not"sperhips notsperhips " . ' . , , have been forced tobe tobe to tohe he be great red ' ind 'lnd lnd and yellow eUow phgueI phi pligue phgue pligueferoslon e eerosion I feroslon erosion roslon blow tlicir tJlcir their farms from fromI fromc fromof from// from fromof I / c / A Aot of ot the C'1rth-or C'1rth C1rth or earth-or earth eirth ' - - or more llterilly Hter'llly Hterllly literally llterillye ' , , l /e e i / face of the eirth e'lrth elrth earth ' from their'fhlCh theirwhich their theirwhich 'fhlCh fhlCh which ' which Is the same thingC thingg thing thingig C g the World war wnr " wheat "heat heat prIces pricesncky Iky pricesIky , y high Short grass prairies prames prairiesie pramesIe prairiesto ie to only virgin soil whicli which re- re relfor refor re-\tor re tor - - - \ lfor [ for wheat production , , and to'ains to toains 'ains ains ! ' ains alns ruchc rushed ; thousands thoucands ; of farm farmt farmY l t their plows Tlie The harvest W'lS WlS was wasdeed W'lSa W'lSed wis'ydcect wisydcect ' ' a deed ed , , with several se.eral seeral . seasons seacons : ; of ofllnfall ofS-ilnfall ofS ilnfall - of'i.Wlth ofJ ofVith of ofWitli - linfall llnfall Then came y ; ears 'i.Wlth i.Wlth iWlth J ' : . Witli Vith them was the return to torig toyng Dg rig like Hhe normal-and normal and normal - and less-In less In lessInprIces lessinprices less - In Inprices prIces prices Whit Wb'lt Wblt Wliit ' land landis \ \\is is was \ \ 'lS lS ' not not0ed notPied not/Aed not Aed 0ed Pied / was farmed onlv only In a hap'manner hap hapB hapmanner.t 'manner manner ' manner . B t manner.t mannert acreage \ v.as vas was . as further de- de deli def15 de,15 de15 - * - li f15 , 15 per cent by the aclmlnlstrabeat atlministraheat adrnlnlstra aclmlnlstra atlministra adrnlnlstraheat heat beat allotment program Pro Proceased Proceased Pro'ceased Proceased ' ceased on much of this land ; Hinder Inder hider got very little attention attentionbly attentionbly attentionbiy bly this was the land \ where here the theust theust thelust ust storms flist fiISt fist began to getWIth getWith get getWith With this power of aggrm aggrava- aggrava aggravaas aggrn\a-as aggrn a as \ a- a aas - ? as an easy matter for the dust- dust dustInds dustinds dnst-Inds dnst Inds - Inds to collect more and morer moredevastating more moredevastating r devastating devastatmg burden from therwestern thewestern the thefwestcrn -fwestcrn fwestcrn - rwestern western Kansas Kausas which Is hanonresldent hannonresident ban han banjnonresldent l hanl ( jnonresldent onresldent nonresident farmers who "hog hog "hogJlr hogJlr " .1 1 . ; crop by the "cut cut " and cover " tot rot of farming which covers largees large largeS [ es 1 quickli qulckl quickly , , but so poorly th'lt thlt that th'ltpoll thatpoll tint11 ' S ( poll blows easily , and when It itto Itblow . t to blow , no one Is there toDust to t Dust Travels Far . r tills tJ1iS this start the storms whIch which"torch whichtorch , fa " March rch , raged at terrIOc terrific heights heightsn n four to tweh twelti twehe e a days , spreadneighboring spreadneighboring spread i spreadi neighboring states Huge HugeSt1ls Hugefills Hugedills St1ls fills ' ' of white , yellow and reddust red redjist dust jist st reached reacbed as far as Denver Denver-Tta- Denver Tta DenverTtadeielnnd , : ' ' his - 118 , - deielnnd Cleeland Cleveland Cle\ Cle \ eland nnfl and even Wash Washin Wnsh Wash ? i in ID a n weird reversal of the thethesoil theiSfc-the-soll theiSfc the soll - tbe-SOI1 tbe SOI1 the-soil the soil - - " movement tint th'lt thlt that ' struchrt struckunfortunate struck struch unfortunate element of met metD meth metvs rt rtunfortunate D h . population populatlon a little while whUe back backIS . ie iestrIcken e & f ( stricken Great Plains area areaSafllo ' ) Jtramc tratllc - was stopped to predent pre- pre preI pre-int pre int - - - I ! dent ent . . Schools and business businessut businesshut businesst hut ut their doors Health om oui ouied offld S-afllo S afllo ted : ed everyone everyqne to stay sta ; at home homeI homee homeBallwav I e . Rallwav Railway traffic was stilled stilledcl1t1dren stilledehlldren stilledlldren ler homeler lerRallwav cl1t1dren ehlldren and adults died of ofeumonla ofmonla I Ieumonln eumonln eumonla . . " Live stock stocle refusedc refusedi refused refusedass i , / - ' " rass ass and hay c\en c en een even e\ e \ en when they theyIt theyit theyJ@3 @ It under the drifts drms of eroded eroded'were erodedwere 1 ) 1were ' were so high In many placescould placescould places placescould could walk wall , . up a drift to thetall the thetall tall tal1 barn . . I ; den Even , en In 1n the cities citiesecessary citiesecessary citiesecessary ecessary to sleep and often oftenh oftenwet oftenh h , wet cloths tied 0\ 0 o\er o er 0er over \ er noseti noseh nose ti h . SS.EO SSEO ago . and central Illinois Dllnois Illinols the theed theed theed ; ed with showers of rain ander and ander , er man said to the Inhabl inhabi Inhablre's inhabire's Inhabicre's Inhabicres re's res ' ' ' mud In your eye 1 I " They Theyd | d ! oat out he meant It only too ' 5at _ ? at t storm of May 11 , 1934 1934tcbed 1934ached 1934fetched ached tcbed from Montana to the theBnd theI theand I Bnd and hung a n 10000 10 000 ton cover coverer co co\eryer co eryer \ , er erer er the National Capital Capltnl Capltnl5 \\\5 5 was wasof \ wisof ' \ 5of of of a n calamity The storm of ofwas of15 , was a major catastrophe catastrophe.eas catastropheeas . . . eas , once garden spots , bee bee be- be bee - - - e dust clouds gained momen momenarren momenarren momenbarren arren deserts Good farm farm11 1 as bad were driven drl'ren drlren ' from fromand fromand fromPand and their homes knottingr knowingl knowingr lmon knowing Ing Ingr | r to turn . . . Now the govern governeglnnlng governBeginning 0 0eginning l fulll fulllot eglnnlng eginning to wake to a full fullof .tot tot : . ot of the seriousness of the theero theerosion theyt ero erosion lon . . llllon 11Ion Ilion producingbeen acres of crop producing producing'been producingbeen ' been een destroyed In the UnIted UnItedwind UnitedkWind 0 wind wind and water soil soU erosion erosion15 11 000,000 000000 , acres acre ' ) have lost the thed thed thed d 100,000,000 100000000 , , additional acre'i acrei acres acre'ichIng acresching ' acreqfelling chIng this condition , accordDepartment accorde accordDepartment accord accordDepartment e Department of Agriculture ' 75 per cent of all the farm farmor farmd farmor farmtfor d or clean tilled tllled crops Is subslon subsion sub subslon slon sion and damage , which the theestimates thet [ estimates at $ $40000000 40000000 $ a auses Heavy Loss . , 1 > , ,000,000 000000 ,000.000 000.000 , , , . tons of soil lo lost t evrough ev- ev evrough ev-brough ev brough - - rough erosion would flii flll fill a aelgbt alc arelght lc lceight elgbt eight cars that nould would \ ould cn en cnarId enorld enprorld arId orld 37 tiroes times at the equa equaL equaD E D Chland Uhland Uhlan ] , of the Unitederosion Unitederosion United Unitederosion erosion service I3o He lie point | poIntfigures figures of los loss do not tnke take tnket taket takeat t the damage done to highways hIgh hIghways highiti iti streamsd streamsi1 [ ways , reservoirs reserolrs reserioirs reser\ reser \ olrs , streams streamsid ; i1 ' d harbors barbors . . . He said ald tluH that thatMissouri's thatMissouris tluHIissourl thatItssouri's Iissourl Itssouri's Itssouris ' 50 f 60 ) ( per cent loss top losstop surface soil reprCients represents reprCientspcr representsper ) representsg&O representsgO & per pcr cent fertility wastage wastageg wastageTthe wastagethe g | the top four tour or Qie fi\e fi e fie \ Inche inches $0 0 $ Inchesbinal Ina1 Inal soil 8011 was concentrated a R i V t1 ' ; 1t S a ; ; ? , { f 'iWt iWt ' : V : f- f - ftv tv .if if . Yl < " f1 t . > , .t t . . ih , ( h ! I Ir i/ i / f t < . J . 4 . ? ; < , ; : # . r l i1P : I } " ? r t 4 pfd pfdvta tA . t . , tt ' ; vta vtaK t.t tt . l\ l \ ls , rd s . . tl : o/ o / ' o'Y 'Y Y " ' K ' < { Y ' Yo < , . /o o / , ( J t . A , ' " , N > v , fttj.1 fttj1 ; } . " , tfJ 'V'tt Vtt 'V'tttJ.s . , < " . . " ; : ! h ' { A ) . < 1 : Ui -tJ.s tJ.s - o < . . < . " ' ii 7 > - / # ff.w ffw ff.w.J"i { -.J"i .Ji .J"i Ji ( - . " . _ , + . " ' 7 : . Top , Ranch In Colorado Piled High With Dust Below , Left , Dr Rexford Tug Tugwell Tugwell well , In Charge of Erosion Control . Right , City Folks Also Have Their Bat- Bat Battle - . tle tie With Dust . . i 'l l a ' ver ver3 very large lar e pirt p'1rt p1rt part ' of the rcidlly re\dlly re dlly readily ' \ avail available available : able plant nutrients He dcclned dec1'lled dec1lled declared ' that thatI thatthe thatthe thatthe I the soil solI Is lost as surely as If It were wereI wereburned wereburned wereburned I burned In a fire'Unless fire Unless 'Unless ' Immediate steps are taken takenand takenand takenacd and this npid r'lpld rlpld rapid ' destruction Is h I ' ) stopped stoppedby stoppedby stoppedby by 19SO 1980 19S0 ; , " ' slid s\Id s Id said ' \ Mr lilt Uhland . , 'Missouri Missouri 'Missouri"Ill 'Missouriwill Missouriwill ' Missouriwill "Ill Ill will " h\\ h h'uc huc he have ' \ ' \ e to pioduce ploduce produce the major portion portionof of her crops o on one fifth of f the land landnow landnow landnow now on crops " 1 ' The lhe he Missouri condition condl condi condl1Ion conditlon 1Ion tion 1 Is Is < : , of course , typical of the whole wholestrIcken wholestricken wholestricken strIcken areaThe areaThe area areaThe TheVorl The work \Vorl Vorl \ , . of erosion control , berore before berorethe beforethe beforethe the lat latest t tragedy , wis w\s w s was ' \ spread among amongthe amongthe amongthe the Depirtment Dep'lrtment Deplrtment Department ' of Agriculture Agnculture , . the Department De De- Department Department - - partment of the Interior Intenor and nnd the Ci.l1 Cil1 Civil Ci.l1I1n Civiltin Civiliin . I1n tin Conscl Conscnation Conseivatron \ atJon corps To meet the thepresent thepresent thepresent present crisis all erosion eroclon ; control has hasbeen hasbeen hasbeen been placed under the Depirtment Dep\rtment Dep rtment Department ' \ of ofI ofAgllcu1ture ofAgriculture ofAgilculture I Agllcu1ture Agriculture with WItll ne Rexford ford Guy Tugwell Tugwellunder&ecretaii Tugwellunderecretaii , under.ecretm underecretm undersecretary : . & , supci supeI supervising vising Ismg the "orh orh work "orhI "orhHe workHe " workHe I He He111 \ will \\111 111 unit unir uaify ; the efforts of the Inte late InteI InterlOr latenor Intenor I rlOr nor department's departments departmcnt's departmcnts ' soil sOli ero erosion lon sen service serviceCCC Ice , , CCO CCC camps engaged engaed . ; In erosion controJ control controlthe , the AAA , the forest servIce service , , , the bureau bureauof bureauof bureauof of chemistry ' ind 'lnd lnd and soils and the bureau bureauof bureauof bureauof of agncultural agllcultural agricultural englneermgOne engineeringOne engineering englneermg engineeringOne One mlllton mIlilon million dollais dollms dollars dollmsHIS \ was \HIS HIS the amount amountagreed amountagreed amountagreed agreed upon for Doctor Tugwell s scre screws screws cre crews " s to begin \ work orh , after a visit to toWashington toWashington toWashington I toI Washington of Gov Alfred M 1 Landon Landonof Landonof Landonof of Kansas to plead for funds for the theproject theproject theproject project . . . The FERA rDllA e expressed eepressed pressed wll11ng willing wll11ngness willingness willingness ness for Its wor1 workers ers to be turned over overto overto overto to the job The work will w1l1 be extended extendedover extendedover extendedover over all of the states badii badly badl afl'ected aflected affected afl'ectedWeapons affectedWeapons affectedWeapons ' Weapons of War . Chief weapons "eapons eapons " In the war agaInst agaInstwind againstwind againstwind wind erosion will w111 be "listing listing " ' and andplowIng andplowing andplowing plowIng methods which have "or or worked workedout " workedout ked kedout out satisfactorily satIsfactorlly sativfactorlly In the Texas Teas " { Pan Panhandle Panhandle Panhandle handle demonstration center of the thesoU thesoil thesoil soU soil erosion service Farmers Parmers and the thestates thestates thestates states themselves themsehes will furnish the thefleet thefleet thefleet fleet of 20,000 20000 , tractors necessary for forthe forthe forthe the job "Listing Listing " " consists of ploIng plowing plowingdeep plo\\ plo plowingdeep \ Ing Ingdeep deep furrows furro\\ furro furros \ s across Oelds fields at rIght rIghtangles rightangles rightangles angles to prevailing pretullng pre\ pre \ tullng " winds "Inds Inds In affected affectedareas affectedareas affectedareas areas ; this tends to break the force forceof forceof forceof of the wind and ciuse C'luse Cluse cause ' It to drop dust dustthat dustthat dustthat that It Is carr carrying Ing This Is GOernor Governor GovernorLandon's GO\ GO GovernorLandon's GovernorLandons \ ernor ernorLandon's Landon's Landons ' favored methodNebrasha methodNebraska method methodNebraska Nebraska Nebrasha urges Its farmers to plant plantsoil plantsoil plantsoil soil rotating crops and grasses Te\as Te as Texas Teaswould Texaswould Texaswould " \ : would plant sorghum , which retains retainssoil retainssoil retainssoil soil and moisture . . It Is ad advisable . Isable to touse touse touse use machines which do not pulverize pulverizethe puh pulverizethe erlze erlzethe the soil solI , but de\ de develop deelop \ elop a cloddy clodlly and andrt androughened androughened rt roughened > ughened surface The soil soU should shouldbe shouldbe shouldbe be cuItn cultivated nted at the proper time to toconserve toconserve toconserve conserve what moisture |