Show r The iThe Fr i iQ Q DAY a h k ka r pit Franklin Adams c a 1 w m r C oh w a L aria Yf f fx 1 h x 7 cp yi r Yia ry y yr aY t r s r s sr t r 3 y G a 4 i Sa SiRa a iRa R Ra 4 a y f S F Z i jp fo tt n r S Z f 7 z Ls a i r h wr b a TS C Wy Wyt t f n aJ aJi i S k d dP P ar d X a Jn A 5 4 d b y ar a l 9 h a 3 t r H His Commission Dec 23 By ELMO SCOTT WATSON Tsy N ele eleventh hour of the thee e te tet t eleventh ele diy o of the elm month fit t In the j ear 1018 the guns which 4 for more thin four years had been f roaring to In western Europe all along t t the lIne from to Hol- Hol Holland Hola a- a land sere ere silenced and to n a wait wait- waitIng D IlI lag Ing world v s as fl fished the welcome J beenS S M U mess ige The The ArmistIce has been I VI VIF tot F signed That Is the event cent which each ench Sear on ember o 11 and rat we regard as the cn end of the W World orId war ar matter of fact It wasn't The World war warrend iI rend for us officially until nearly three tI later dater True actual hostilities en ended ed on bet ber 11 lOIS 1913 but there still remained the g of peace treaties s ith our late enemies enemies- eaty of Versailles v with Ith Germ iny on June 19 the Treaty of St Germun Germain with ith AustrIa 10 1919 the Treaty of r on November 27 1919 the Treaty r a a Grand Trianon with Hungary on June 4 and finally the Treat of Seres with Tur Turn n August 10 1920 1020 Ski Skin n n with these treaties signed the actual ot the war was still a 3 tm away ay For treaties must be raU ratified ed by the United senate and because the Treaty of Ver- Ver a provision pro for American mem- mem memI I p In the newly organized organize League of Na- Na Nathe Nathe the senate on March 10 1920 1020 rejected the rt which President Wilson had presented to ratIfication thereafter Sena- Sena O C Knox of Pennsylvania Intro Intro- a resolution repealing the declarations of nd ad reserving to the United States nil all the theis ts is given It in the VersaIlles treat treaty This Lion tIon passed both houses bouses of congress in in il i sand and May 1920 but on May 27 President il n a vetoed It as an ineffaceable stain upon lantry and honor of the United States tC the Treaty of Versailles had been l pod by Germany and the principal allied pow pow- ey d the League of Nations lead had come Into fit LCD ce But when hen Woodrow Wilson retired he White House a broken man with his perished project rejected by the country States was still outsIde the League ot of ofas ns as the treaty was as still and om we we were still at war with ith the Central is L B When Warren G Harding became Pres- Pres the resolution wa was revived In con con- agaIn passed and on July 2 1021 19 1 arding signed It it I o July 2 1021 rather 11 1 1918 18 marled marked the official end b L World war for the United States di e a is an interesting parallel bet between een the theor theof or of time which elapsed from the cessa to the official end of the world d a similar period In bringing to a A N e first war In which we ns as a nation ever the d-the Revolution Ask the average Amer hen ben the Revolution ended and he will ly say say say- Why when CorD Cornwallis Of Course I But In saying th tt he be Is just f i as he Is In regarding November 11 the final curtain on the drama of the thes s War 19 1781 a British army marched if Om Yorktown Va to the tune of The Turned Upside Down an and handed over overs igi s to the combined French and American commanded by Count de Rochambeau and D 1 eorge corgo Washington Within 24 hours cou- cou mounted on swift horses were speedIng lS ard rousIng every village and farm e thrilling word Cornwallis Is taken t 1 N here the news was received ith w ith delight i i Patriots and with dismay dI by the Loyalists ries Impromptu celebrations in honor of if i rious news were or organized In ninny places Ci 10 ucb of the tho hysterIa and wild jubilation Swept the whole country on November n ii I f as lackIng in October 1781 i ot of no telegraph telephone or radIo or other f qUick communication there was no way ri ding the news nes ne s simultaneously throughout t states whIch then comprIsed the nation iL o One day was as gIven over everywhere where to aJ ag there wag 1 10 years n o this POl Instance It until October was not da I dais apon s after the surrender that there up ap D i ion on the streets of only rent orn Yorktown n a which said ILLUMINATION r re ael CI 1 Aide de Camp to his Ex- Ex Id f General Washington ha brought official accounts of the SURRENDER of Lord CorD and the of York and Gloucester those Citizens who chuse to ILLUMINATE on the Glorious OccasIOn will m do It this evening e at Sia and extinguIsh theIr lights at Nine o'clock Decorum and harmon are earnestly recommended to ev- ev every every ery Citizen and a general dIscountenance to the least appearance of rIot Although the school book hIstorIes gIve us the Impression that the Revolution ended ab abruptly abruptly with the surrender of Corm Cornwallis it was far from being as sImple as all t Charleston and Sl annan were still sUll held by the British So was vas hew cw lork where Sir Henry Clinton al- al although although though outwItted by Washington In his bIS quIck dash to trip Corns Corm still had a strong army that was n a perpetual threat against the American Ameri- Ameri American can line Une of defense along the Hudson The surrender nt at Yorktown YorI was a stunning blow to BrItish prestige but It dId not mean that the stubborn Briton tivis reads to gIve up yet True as our school book histories tell us Lord North upon receiving ne news nes s of the disaster threw up his arms as thou though h struck by a and cried out MS 13 God It Is aU all oti 0 er i 1 It Is all over t But when hen parliament convened Ling George III made a speech which Indicated his determination to continue the war and hearIng ot of thIs Washington knew that his task was far from beIng ended So lie he sent urgent appeals to the stites not to relax their efforts made plans for a stronger army than ever be before before fore and after a brief stop at Mount Vernon and anda n a short stay In where he conferred with n a committee from congress on the measures necessary for the next campaign marched his Continentals back to Newburgh on the Hudson where for the next few months he lay watching Clinton In New York But Clinton showed no desire to make mahe a move and for the nett neit year the two armies adopted a policy of watchful waiting During this time there was as some raidIng by marauding bands of Tories and Patriots but there were no major milItary movements In the northern of war The conflict there had become n a stalemate Down In the South a bItter partisan warfare was stIll beIng waged aged After Mad Anthony ne had been sent to help Gen Nathaneal Greene regain South Carolina and Georgia from the enemy and In a series of minor skirmishes lIe he defeated the CreeL Creek Indian allies of the British scattered parties of Tory raiders and ousted several small British h garrisons from the to towns ns they were ere holding Then he be marched against annah a forced the British to evacuate evacuate ate It in July 1782 and joined Greene In the sIege of Charleston which the British gave up in December So In both the North and South hostilities had haa virtually ceased b the middle of the year But Butout Butout out In the West the war was still raging in n a fearful form unknown on the Atlantic seaboard except In the blood drenched Mohawk valley of New York Indian scalping parties led by Brit Brit- British ish and om cera were assailing the Pennsylvania and VirgInia borders and the Kentucky Ken Kentucky tucky settlements In August 1782 the men and women ot of Bry Bryant's Bryant's ants ant's Station successfully withstood such an at- at attack attack tack only to have their victory followed by the disaster at Blue Licks on August 19 10 when the flower of Kentucky's tuna man power was destroyed In this Last Battle of the Re so called because it was as the last pItched battle between forces of nn any considerable size On September 11 n a wave ave of age sa fury once more beat against the walls aIls of Fort rort Henry Wheeling W Va where Betty Zane won Immortality with her dash through n a ball haU of bullets to carry powder to the defenders of the fort This attack was also repulsed ns as were ere others against other outposts of the frontier but for many months afterwards there hung over the West Vest the shadow of fear of the redskins a hind of fear which the Redcoats had never been able to Inspire in the East In the meantime the march of events across the Atlantic was rapidly brInging the war nearer and neller to an end Den Es en before Yorktown the nation was tired of a war ar which gave It more debts than victories and ana which had been denounced more than once by members ot of the Whig party After Yorktown King George was about tIle the only one who wanted to keep on with the war but eventually even he gave up all hope of subduing the Americans However he stub stub- stubbornly stubbornly Insisted that he v would never give up Georgia or Charleston or New York On March Ci 5 1782 1752 par passed a bIll to enable the king to make mahe peace with America I days later Lord North bowing to tho storm of opposition to the Un king s plan of renew renew- renewIng fag Ing hostilities resigned and the Whigs under Lord Rockingham form formed cd n a new minIstry with the understanding that American Independence should be acknowledged Rockingham dIed In July and was succeeded by Lord Shelburne who was also committed to a policy of making peace Shelburne had been a friend of Benjamin Franklin who ho was as then our minister to France and through his bis agent Oswald n a Scotch merchant the British minister opened negotiations wIth his AmerIcan frIend to dIscuss peace terms Franklin had the assistance of John Jay who had been In Spain seeking nn an alliance with that country John Adams American mInister to Hollind and Henry Laurens then n a prisoner In England and during the summer of 1782 their negotiations v with Ith proc proceeded eded smoothly Finally on November ember 30 Franklin Jay Adams and OS Oswald lId signed a preliminary treaty of peace which was not not strictly a treaty but a protocol the articles of which were to be subsequently subsequently Incorporated in a formal treaty after Great Britain had come to terms with France Americas America's nU alts ThIs protocol of November ember 30 1782 Is annio- annio analogous gous to the armistice of November 11 1918 In that under Its terms hostilities In America were to cease nt at once and upon completion of the treaty the BrItish fleets and armies were to be immediately withdrawn from every place which they held withIn the limits of the United States It Is also analogous In that It was the first writ writ- written written ten agreement between representatives of the two nations nt at war lookIng toward n a formal treaty of peace So November has a double sig- sig significance sig to Americans as the month of the the armistice-the armistice of the Revolution and the armIstice of the World war Even with thIs Important step taken nine months were ere to elapse before the final treaty of peace was signed and another nine months before ratification of the treaty definitely ended the On January 20 1783 the preliminary articles of the of peace wele sIgned In Paris The news arrived in America on March 23 In n a letter to the president ot of congress from Lafayette and n a fc few days later SIr Guy Carleton who vho hid hl succeeded Sir Ir Henry Clinton as British British ish commander In New York received his orders from the ministry to proclaim a cessation ot of hostilities on land and sea A SImilar proclamation made by congI ess was as formally announced to the army by Washington He chose April 19 10 the anniversary of the Battle ot of Lexington as the date for this historic an- an announcement After After this proclamation Washington granted furloughs to most of the army and the weather weather- beaten Continentals scattered to their homes and tried to adapt themselves to civil life ilfe again On November 3 the army was formally disbanded and three weeks later bir Ir Guy Carleton's army sailed away from New York On December 4 occurred that profoundly touching IncIdent in Fraunces Tavern where Washington said fare fare- farewell farewell well to his officers He was on his way to An- An where congress was In session to resign his commIssIon and on December 23 that historic scene which has been Immortalized in Trum- Trum Trumbull Trumbull bull s painting was enacted Then Washington hastened on to Mount Vernon there to spend the first happy he had known for nine years Meanwhile across the Atlantic another important Important tant episode In the drama of the Revolution had taken talen place One September morning to the lodgings in Paris of David Hartley Hm tIey agent of the British who had succeeded Oswald came his friend Benjamin enjamin Franklin The great philosopher pher diplomat was accompanied by his little grandson Benjamin Franklin Dache Bache by John Adams John Jay and Henry Laurens There on September J 1783 the definitive b eaty ot of pence was signed In congress accepted the treaty and in May ratifications of It were ex- ex exchanged exchanged changed by Great Britain and the United The Revolution was over C Western Union |