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Show I m mn n Ulbo bo J3 hdpe lp d ' m"k mk flake " " " 4 c 'i3h i3h 'i3he 'i3ha 'i3hY ' e ; 'i3hhristm a britln hristm $ as asAt $ Y At : q , f1sY a y t'S tS ' , fi fiw \k k \ w a aa ak \ a \ fif J f t 1 , i , ye x xfr fr 'I9 I9 ' , - - 1 rat Portrait of s Santa Claus _ , . . . tonFOinsetti 3oe1 Roberts % - - ashin 9 ton FOinsetti Irvin By ELMO SCOTT WATSON WATSONHEN WATSONF , . HEN IIlJN you rend read the title of or this thts artlcle article article/ article articledid . , , \ / did you eiclaim excItum exclaim , "Men Men " ) Ien Vt w who bo ho helpedt helpedI helpedC helped'mnhe helped ' ti1i'shat ti1ishat h "ha ha t doe does " that- that thatI that thatmean7 t I make 'mnhe mnhe 'make Christmas Christmas- ChrIstmas-\\ ChrIstmas ChrIstmash Christmasti1i'shat - - w \ ; ) .what what . , " ' I f , - menn mean mean7 ? ' There \ was as only one man mlln who whomade whottL whoH C ttL ttLmade made Christmas ChrIctruas : ; and hew he Vt was as born horn near- near nearly nearyears near-/ near nearly - ' / ly 2000 yeais years yeu : sago ago ngo " . " ' True 1'rue 1rue ' ' If It It ha had not been for the thehirth thebirth thel birth hirth of ot Jesus Christ , there would be beno beno bem L no occislon occ'lsIon occlsIon occasion ' for celebrating December DecemberjpJU 25 as Christmas day And If It that celebratIon celebration cele- cele celebration . - - - } ( | bration had been Lcpt I.ept Iept kept . to Its origInal origInalform originalform originalform form , there would be no occasion torwrIting forwriting for tor writing an article such as thisBut thisBut this thisBut But the tho fact Is that there has grown ' "up up 'Up tip " around aroundthe aroundthe aroundthe the celebration of Christmas Chnstmas a great variety ot of otcustoms ofcustoms ofcustoms customs , traditions and practices prachce'i prachcei ' Vt which hlch we no\ no noes noregard noesregard nowregard ' \ regard as essential essenhal parts of ot tint th'lt thlt that ' observance e.en een even e.enthough eventhough eventhough . though thev they may have ha.e hae . departed from Its orIginal orIginalmeaning originalmeaning originalmeaning meaning Some of these the < : ; e have had such a gradualevolution gradualevolution gradual volution evolution that it would be Impossible to ascrIbe ascrIbethem ascribethem ascribethem them definItel definitely ) to . : aay RIY Any one person But there are areothers areothers areothers others which we can trice tr\ce tr ce trace ' \ directly to one or or'more or'more or'more ormore 'more more 'more more ' Individuals-hence Individuals hence Individuals - hence the theme of "men men " who whohelped whohelped whohelped helped make Christmas ' ' whit wh\t wh t wiiWit ' \ It Is now In this thisartIcle thisarticle thisarticle artIcle . * . S * s * I I ' Certainly Santa Claus seems sepms to be an essen essenUal essentIM essential Ual tIM part of ot the Christmas Chr1stmas celebration celelJration Speak of ofhim ofhim ofhim him and there rises to mind a picture of ot a plump plumpelflILe , elf like l e little 1lttJe man who ndlates T'IrHntes TIrHntes ratllates ' laughter and andgood andgood andgood good cheer . Why should he be be that sort of per per- perIon person person - son Ion Instead of ot the stern , gaunt , rather formid formid- formidable formidable formidable - - able figure , solemn and majestic In trailing robes robescarrying , carrying In one liand hand a h"leket hleket hasket hi " ; sket of ot presents and and1n andIn andIn 1n In the other a birch rod , as an nn awful a\\ful a ful afularnlng \ \ \ warning \\arnlng arnlng \ to tonaughty tonaughty to.naughty tonaughty . , naughty ch children dren , such as he was . " when "hen hen he be was wasknown wasknown wasknown known as SinterUass Sinterhiass Sinterklass , , or the Bishop Brshop Saint Nich N1ch- N1ch N1ch01 Nich- Nich Nicholas Nicholas - - 01 olas as , by the first Dutch settlers In this country ? Ihe 'lhe lhe Zhe ' answer ans\\-er ans er \ - to that question Is the names ot of otthree ofthree ofthree three writers-James writers James writers - James K Piulding P'1uldlng P1uldlng Paulding ' , Washington WashingtonIrving WashingtonIrving WashingtonIrving Irving and Dr . Clement C a ioole-nnd ioole nnd Moore-and Moore and Mooic - - and an un- un unknown un unknown - . known American artist It was Washington ashington l'vashington lvashington \ \ ' Irv- Irv Try- Try IrvIng Trylug Irv-Ing Irv Ing - Ing lug who , In his "Knickerbocker's Knickerbockers "Kulckerboc1wr Kulckerboc1wr " ' < ; History of ot New NewYork NewYork NewYork York , " In 1809 1B 1800 Y < . > " wrote "rote rote the first description of the thenew thenew thenew new type of Santa Claus and made Smterhhss Sinterkhss Sintcrklissor , or St . . Nicholas Nlcholns , the patron saint of ot the Dutch Dutchcolonists Dutchcolonists Dutchcolonists colonists of ot New Amsterdam , tlie the archetype ot of otaU ofall ofall aU all of ot those Jovial , manrbreech manv man-r- man r many - breech breeched ed , long pipe pipesmokIng pipesmoking pipeamoLIng smokIng bur burghersThe burghers burghersThe hers hersThe The next writer to paint a word portrait ot of otSanta ofSanta ofSanta Santa Claus was Irving's Irvings Irvmg's Irvmgs ' friend fnend and collaborator collaboratorJames , James h KIrke rke Paulding ' , who In his 'Book Book ' l ook of St StNLcholas StNicholas StNicholas NLcholas Nicholas , " first published puhllshed in m 1827 , said Santa Santaalaus SantaClaus SantaClaus alaus Claus " was "as as "as as "ns ns " gallant a little Uttle Dutchman as e\"er e "er er ever e"ersmohed eversmoked everemoLed \ " smohed smoked his way through the , world \ orId , pipe fore foremost foremost foremost most " . But It remained for Dr Clement Cial Claik Clark J , . Moore MooreIn MooreIn MooreIn In his poem . , "A'Isit "A A " \ ' Visit \'Isit 'Isit Isit from StlcJ1OIas St ! \ Nicholas \lcJ1OIas lcJ1OIas ichoias * ' to gh gibe givea gibea e ea a more definite word portrait of StIcholas St ! \ Nicholas \Icholas Icholas Aicholas and andpretty andpretty andpretty pretty definitel definiteli definitely ) establisli establish In the tl-Jp tl Jp - mind of the thepublic thepublic thepublic public what Santa Claus looked lool.ed looled . hl likeHow like likeHow e eHow How ' much Moore drew upon In Ira Ir\ing Ir ing \ m ing and Pauld Pauldlng Paulding PauldIng lng ing for his description is not known but there therefB thereis thereIs fB is a curious panllclism par'lllcllsm parlllcllsm parallellsm ' In some of bis his life wordb wordband , wordband \ ord : . and some Borne of theirs , although ' Moore 'Ioon Ioon , himself , 40 40years 40years 40years years later lattr said that 'a a ' a portiv portlv portly , , rubicund Dutch Dutchman Dutchman Dutchman man living llving In the neighborhood ncighborhoo of his father's fathers father'scountry father'scountry father'scountry fatherscountry ' country seat spat , Chelsea " near ' \ New 1\cw 1 cw York Yorh city sug suggested sugBested suggcsted gested Bested to him Wm the Idea of making St Nicholas Mcholas Aicholas the thehero thehero thehero hero of ot his Christmas piece for his hie ; childrenThen childrenThen children childrenThen Then In 1839 a book cilled c\llcd c llcd c'tlled ctlled ' ' \ 'The The ' The Poets of ofAmerlcn ofAmerica ofAmerica Amerlcn America . , , " edited by John Keeseas Keese , \ - was \\-as as published publishedIt It contained Moore's Moores Ioorc's Ioorcs ' pocni poem and the tlIustration illustration tlIustrationfor illustrationfor Illustrationfor for that was a picture of Sinta 5'lnta 5lnta Santa ' Claus Cl.1uS Cl1uS . ( Repro Reproduced Reproduced duced aced above ) Who the painter or the engraverWas engraver engraverwas was as Is unknown but It Is fs believed that this wa was wasthe wasthe & the first time a picture of Santa Claus "a a " was usns < ; c\cr c cr eer ccrprInted eerprinted e\erprinted e erprinted \ % prInted Thus It was wa'J waJ waq ' Wu Washington < ! hlngton Irvtn Irvlnp Irving . , James JamesK JamesK JamesK K . Paul Paulding lng , Clement C Moore and the unl-nown unl nown unknown unlnown1Ilustrator unknownillustrator unknownIllustrator - 1Ilustrator illustrator of ot Keese's Keeses ' "Poets Poets " of ot America Am111cn Amcilea . " helped helped"make helped"make helped"make helpedmake "make make " ' Christmas Cbdstmas by giving lvIng us our present Ide Wide Ideiof 1 t 1or tof or of the patron saint of the ho'iday hoiday ho ' day . . t * . * . What \ would \ ould ChrIstm Christmis ChrIstm'1.s ChrIstm1.s ChrIstm1s ' . is be " without "Ithout Ithout Christm'lS ChristmlS Christmas Christm'lShymns Christmashymns Christmishymns ' hymns and Chrlstnns ChrfstDJ'ls ChrfstDJls Christmas ' carols ? And what hon song songbaa bonghas bas baa been more often sung on Chnrtmse Cbristrms Chnrtm\s Chnrtm s Christmas ; ' \ K\e K e Ese \e e \ or orIs oris orIs Is more belo\ belo belo\cd belo cd beloed belosed \ ed than ' Silent Night , Ilols Hol > ) Night NightIt " ? It was on December DecemL2r 24 of the yeir ye'1r ye1r year ' 1818 1813 tliat that Jo Josef Joset sef t Mohr Mobr , assistant 1 pastor :1ctor 1ctor > : ; of tlie the ne\\ ne newli ne1) newly \ \ 1) 1 ) ect'lb ectlb est'tb esttb ect'lbJIBhed est'tblashed estibllshcd ; ' JIBhed lashed St Nicholas NlchoJas ' parish church In tlie the little littlev1l1age littlevillage littlevillage v1l1age village of ot Oberndorf , ncir ne'lr nelr near ' Salyburg Sa17burg Salzburg ' , Aushla Austila Austilahanded , handed to Franz rranz Gruh Gruhcr .r r < . , a 11 schoolma&tpr schoolmatpr sthoolm.l&tt sthoolm.ltt sthoolmltt schoolmaster . & > r of Arns Arnsdorf Arnsdorf Arnsdorf dorf , who'as who was \\'as 'as as Bras \ ' organist o'gauist ogauist or ' .lnlst lnlst . for tlie the church , a n poem poemwith poemwith poemwith with the request that he be write "rIte rIte " for It a n sultahle suitable sultahleme10dy suitablemelody suitablemelody me10dy melody arranged for t\\ t two t0 loo \ 0 solo voices volce'J volceJ ' , , chorus anti and antia anda anda a guitar actompanlment-the actompanlment the accompaniment-the accompaniment accompaniment - tlie rcn reason < ; on for tor the lat mat latter matter lattcr ter being tint th'lt thlt that ' the organ In the little church had hadbroken hadbroken liadbroken broken do doss down downSo " n nSo nSo So Franz rranz Gruber sat do down " n at Ins Ius his gr.lIIdfather grlIIdfather grandfather's grandfathers grandfather'sdesk grandfather'sdesk grandfathersdesk . . ' ' ? de desk k lmmedl'lteJ'fote immedlitcis lmmedl'lteJ lmmedllteJ tmrnediatel ' ) , \ wrote \\'fote 'fote fote \ ' a simple melody for the thepoem thepoem thepoem poem and tint th'1.t th1.t th1t that ' . nlht ntr.ht ntrht nlilit . ( , on Christmas 1 } Ike I , e , , In St St.Nicholas StNicholas . Nlchola Nicholas ' parish church \ was tsas as for the first tlrst tirst time timesung'St1le timesung timesung sung'St\1le sung'St sungSt 1le sung Stille 'Stifle Stifle ' \ Naclit Nacht IIcl1I HeSllgc Ileilige e Nicut N'1cht N1cht N'acht Nacht ' ' " " To the fact tact that fie t'1e t1e the ' little or org orgin 1 to In Obern Oberndorf Oberndorfbad OberndorfLad orf orfbad bad broken brol.en brolen . down Is due the "I I is " widesprcid idespre'td idespretd e < ; prc'ld prcld ' ' popu popularlty popularity popularlty larlty larity of the hvmn hymn Ihe 'Ihe The ' orgin org'ln orgln organ ' builder , K'lrll\Inn K'lrll Klrll Inn K'lrllInnracllcl K-irl K irl i.arl iarl . ' - Man Manraclier \ Manraclicr racllcl raclier . " ' of I [ ugen In ZIllertal 71l1ert.l1 71l1ertl1 7111ertal . ha had been iJeen sent for to tomale tomake tomake male make , tlie the neCCS necessary .lry lry ! : > . rcpuirs rcpl1lrs repalrs He lIe ht hpird heard > 'lrd lrd ' the ulr air ulrnnd airand ulrand nnd and hummed It In his Ius nill\e nill e n'lU'e nlUe natlte ' \ ' country , wheie whme where it itbecame itbecame Itbecame Itbecamecry became becameery \cry cry \ery ery eery \ populir POllullr popular lu In a n . short bhort time and soon soonspread soonspread soonspread spread ' ' ill 'Ill 0\ 0 over 0lr oser \ lr ( tlie the worII1'lhus world'thus world worII1 'lhus lhus 'thus thus ' hus It was , too , tint th-\t th t that - \ Toccf Tocef 7o ; < ; cf Mohr and rranz rranzGruber rranzGruber FranzGruber Gruber , 1\\ 1 \ two 10 \ 0 Austrlans Austrians , Iiclped helped "make make "mahe mahe " " " ( . Christmas .l1rIstmns l1rIstmns . ' 'rte rte 'rteaw tlJS dg ' , 67JRt34Cb Qm QmC ' aw > , C laaJ VfiA ' t Zh 'lrst lrst ' Christmas Christmast " ' -----s- s - - _ . . - . Card Cards - - sw - sD D -w w - * d dw dT . T w L : e A 5 5f ; f 5f - f rcr , l lH H d Cd C Cc CI c I ' LV LVf //f f / ; / 31 , + E , , - 111D 4 4r , r , , J y 'Ji Ji ' 7 u t\ t tY \ : rt Y , 1 1I 1s1 I s1 James Kirke 9 9James Pautdlny + f ( . Einar ElnaY ' F \ holbocH l\o1hoell l o1hoell holbocHDo olboell olboellDo Do you enjoy enjo eojo ) sen sending Ing uut out ( Christmas Chrltwas hristwas , ! ) cards to tosour toiour sour ) our friends1 frIends ? ' If iou you ou do , then } ) sou ou should hnow know hnowthe knowthe knowthe the mme n'lme nlme name ' of Sir IIenr Henr ; ) Cole . , an nn Englishman Lngllshman , tor for torIt forit forIt It " was "as as he who "ho ho silo " orlgimted orlgJn"lted orlgJnlted orlginated " this custom L\ter L ter LWiter Lterfamous LWiterfamous Literfamous ' \ famous as a " , social ocml and educational reformer reformer.Henry reformerHenry . , Henry Cole was wns a n pioneer In lllustnting lJIustr'ltIng lJIustrltIng illustrating ' chlJ clril chlJdren's clrildren's chlldren's chlldrens dren's drens ' books boohs , with \ Ith \ woodcuts oodcuts of famous plintlngsIn p'lintlngsIn piintingsIn p'lintlngs plintlngs piintings ' In 1S4G lS-lG lS lG 1546 - he conceh concched concerted cd the Idei Ide"l Idel Idea " of sending sendillg ' dccora deeora dccoratlve deeorative decorative tlve tive cards to his friends , bearing ' his g'oo goo ' good wishes wishesfor wishesfor wishesfor for their happiness at Chnstnns Chnstm'1 Chnstm1 Christmac ' " bo So o he went to tohis tohis tohis his friend T 1 I C Horslcv I1orsle Ilorslev , , a member membpr of thp the Roy Ro no 11 Wil Wilac 11fiC ' ilactderm fiC ac 1dem idemt , tn In Ioudon Ioadon I oiidon for the dc desin dessl l.n ln . ? n ' ind 'lnd lnd Wind the re recuIt resuit resuit cuIt suit ; " wis was 'lS lS ' the c'lrl clrl cird card ' ) a " which "hkh hkh h1ch is 1s reproduced reprocncpd ) above aho\e aho e aioe ahoeBut aioeBut aboveBut , \ % But fcv fc\ fc few fcLu ' \ , Luhshmen Lii Lu ? lislimeii l1shmen followpd follow'd followd followed ( ' 'ole ole Cole ( ' Coles s leid Jp'ld Jpld lead ' and andthe andthe andtlie the business buslnt'ss buslntss ' of m miking ll.lng- ll.lng iking ll.lngChrlstm'l . - Chrlstun Chrlstnns Chrlstm'l Chrlstml ' u curds cnrlI cards : . got hot ot un under under under der wiy W'lY WlY w'iy wiyer ' ' tern \er er \ , eQ slo\\l\ slo l 10h slostls < ; slolin 10\\ 10 \ \ \ h \ in Gn iingland I nglind 1\IHI 1 IHI ' \ It " was as even evenslower evenslower 10er slower & 10\ 10 ' \ er In g'ttlJ gttlJ getting ( ' ) stirted st'lrtpd stlrtpd started ' ) In n this countl countii countls [ n IS 187Louis 187 187Louis , Louis Pnng Pr'wg Prwg Pring ' ' . , i 1 ' i lithographer IIthog'rnpher IIthogrnpher ' of or Boston TIoeton Roston ; , exhibited exhibitedsamples exhibitedsamples exhibitedsamples samples of Ills hb hls fioweied floweied 11m , PI t'd td ' business cirds c'lrds clrds c'irds ' ' at the theV1enna theVienna theVienna V1enna Vienna e exposition , = po < ; ltlOn and they tlie the attracted attracterl consltler consider consltlerable considerable considerable able attention attf'ntlon attfntlon attnntian ' He lIe hid Ind had an agcnc\ agcnc agenc ngenct agcncIn \ , In lon 1 I ondon ondonand nndonand on onand and one of or his " women "OUH.n OUH.n OUHn wouicn . emplntees employ emJln [ , ech eel > there therp ( her hernnme hername hername nnme name Is unhnO\\ unhnO unknown unhnOn |