| OCR Text |
Show 0ur Our OurGovernment dovernment Government GovernmentHow -How How - How It Operates OperatesBy By William Bruckart BrJlckarJ Brckarl BrckarlTREATY # \ . . . . I II _ I . I I . . . I . - - 'I'REA IREA ' TREATY ' TY NEGOTIATIONS'rr1D NEGOTIATIONS NEGOTIATIONSHlID 'rr1D rr1D ' Dnitcd UnIted tates tatesand Sr Srtates States and Canada Canadahave CanadaHave Canadahave HlID TUD have just lately concluded a treaty treatythat treatythat treatythat that represents an agreement be-tween be tween between betweenour betweenour betweenour - our go government , ernment and nnd that of our neigh neighbor neighbor neighbor bor on the north whereby n a deep wa watel water vvatciway tel ter way will be constructed connecting connectingthe connectingthe the Great Lakes L\kes L kes ' \ and tho the Atlantic Atlanticoccan Atlanticocean Atlanticocean occan ocean It Is a gigantic englncerlng enginecring englncerlngproject enginecringproject engineeringproject project that Is contemplated ; It ha has hasvast hasvast , > vast potentialities potentmlltles for our people an and andtheir andtheir their commel commeice commerce ce , and nnd It will stand standthrough standthrough standthrough through the years vcars ears as a monument to tothe tothe tothe the genius of h\ h two ha \ a peoples peoplcs who decIre desire decIreto desireto desireAo ; to ; see cee opportunities OPilortuniUes utilized UtllllCd for the good of allBut allBut all allBut But behind the formal signing of ofthat ofthat ofthat that treaty trc'1ty trc1ty ' which whkh took place phce In thl the thlDepartment theDepartment theDepartment Department of State hel het heie e a ! in n the 'apl apl Capl Capltal 'apltal ( ' Capltnl tal city lies many lamldcations lamificatlons ramifications and andmaneuvers andmaneuvers andmaneuvers maneuvers They are called 'nebotl nebotl negotl 'nebotlutions ' negotlations nCoOtiutions utions ations " at the end and they repre represent represent rcpresent sent as " well "ell ell as any in history the theprocesses theprocesses theprocesses processes through ' \ which hlch nations must mustgo mustgo mustgo go In reaching agreement on the terms termsot termsof termsof ot of a contract , for a treaty , after all allIs allis allis Is only a contract . . Tr Treaty aty negotIa negotIatIons negotiations negotiatlons tIons . , however , are not unlike swap swappIng swapping swapping pIng of horses In tn the tl1e old days It 12 is 12a isa isa a matter of give ghe glse and t.l tl take . : e and each eachfellow eachfellow eachfellow fellow looks out for himself . It seldom takes as much time to ae ac aecompllsh accomplish accomplish compllsh complish an understanding respecting respectingtre'1ty respectingtreaty respectingtreaty tre'1ty tre1ty treaty ' terms as has elapsed since smce the thedeep thedeep thedeep deep \ waterway aterway proposal first was ad adsanded advanred anced sanded \ more than fifty years ago agoCommercIal agoCommercial Commercial Interests saw the need of ofIt ofit ofIt It long before our government could couldbe couldbe couldbe be Int intgrested Interested rested In the project The Thesame Thesame same nme was "as as " true among the C'lnadlnns Clnadlnns Cinadians C'lnadlnnsecept Cinadianse"cept Canadiansexcept ' ecept e"cept " { " that they did not reh'l.r rehl.r rehlr regard " ' . .l l < . de\ de del desel deopment deseloment devclopmcnt \ ( l opment oment of the w\tel w tel wateiway witeiway ' \ way as Important Importantuntil importantuntil Importantuntil until recent vears years ears because their tl1mr com corn commerce cornmerce cornmcrce merce began beg'1n beg1n begin ' expanding exp'1ndlng exp1ndlng erpinding ' ' \ later l\ter l ter liter th'1n th1n thin th'1nours thinours thanours thanoursct ' ours \ct ct \ 1 \ et through all nIl of those years , two twopeoples twopeoples twopeoples peoples wel weie were e slowly but surely monng moving movingto monngto to the point \ where \ here their governments governmentscould governmentscould governmentscould could agree as to " what "hat hat " was wis 1S ' necess\r necess r necessary necessaryin ' \ ' 10 in a treaty under which the channel channelcould channelcould channelcould could be constructed There had to tobe tobe tobe be a treaty , of conise C0111se course . , because the therights therights therights rights of each nation were 1m ins Involvedand olved olvedand olvedand and each nation n'ltlon nltlon ' had h'1d h1d hid ' to g1\ g1 give g1e gise \ e up some someof someof someof of those rights when the contract "as as was "asmade wasmade " wasmade wasmadeActive made madeActive Active movements mo'tcments motcments ' by our govern government governmeat government ment meat , looking lool"Ing loolIng " to the treaty and the thew'lterway thewaterway thewaterway w'lterway wlterway waterway ' project to be built hmlt under its itsterms itsterms Itsterms terms , were InstitUcd lnstltl.ted lnstltlted institi.ted institited . almost ten tenyears tenyears tenyears years ago At that time , however howeversome , some of the statesmen st'1tesmen st1tesmen ' at the head ot of otthe ofthe ofthe the Dam Dominion 1m on government were not notfrlendlv notfriendly notfriendiv frlendlv friendly to the idea There was oppo opposltion opposition opposition sltion sition as well among certain Interests InterestsIn In this country For ror hor example , . many manyof manyof manyof of the railroads rallr'o\ds rallr'o rallro ds rallroids ' ' \ serving the northern northernhalf northernhalf northernhalf half of the United States St'1tes St1tes Stites ' an nnrl and ( ) dl'lW dllW dl'lWIng di fhawIng iw iwIng ' Ing traffic tr'lffic trlffic tritfic ' from the regions rpJlon ; ' ) around aroundnnd aroundand aroundand nnd and west of ot the Great Lakes are nre op oppo opposed opposed po posed ed to the w1tel wateiway witetssiy \ 'lY lY ' f for ( ' r rthe the very veryobvious veryobvious veryobvious obvious reason rpacon : ; that th'1t th1t tint ' they 'fear fear fenr fear It WIn will WIntake willtake willtake take awav away some of their traffic tr'1ffic tr1ffic trifle ' And Andso Andso Andso so It goes Opposition and support supportfor supportfor supportfor for the plan may m'lV mlV miy ' he be found every everywher everywhere everywhcie wher where e In areas nre'lS nrelS ' affected bv hv by it It ItFrom . . From rrom thl this < ; It Is easily deduced that thata a considerable conclderible con Ider'1ble Ider1ble ' amount of preliminary preliminarywork preliminarywork preliminarywork work had to be done to acquaint the thepeoples thepeoples thejieoplesL peoples of Jhe the merit of at the project It has now been heen formallv formnl1v formally sl signed ned be becanse because because canse cause the ruling political group In InCanada inCanada InCanada Canada believe It Is piactlcable PI'lctlc'lble PIlctlclble practicable ' ' and and"aluahle andvaluable andvaluable \"aluahle "aluahle aluahle valuable \ " , and the administration of ofour ofour ofour our government has fostered the Idea Ideathroughout ideathroughout Ideathroughout IdeathroughoutBut throughout throughoutDut throughoutBut But Dut the treaty Is not yet operative operativeIt It has another stage st'lge stlge ' to pass here and andanother andanother andanother another at Ottawa Otta\\a Otta a \ \ While Its accept accept- acceptitnce acceptance . - ance Ilnce itnce bv by the Dominion government Is IslittlE islittle Islittle littlE > more than a formality formahty , ratlfica ratifica ratlficatlOn ratification ratification tlOn tion of thegreemcnt the ' \ agreement \greemcnt greemcnt by the senate senateof senateof senateof of the United States St'ltes Stltes Stites ' Is another mat mat- matter matter . - ter The Constitution pro\ pro provides proIdes prosrdes \ Ides for ne- ne negothtlon negotiation ne negotiation - - gotiation gothtlon of the treaty by the Presl Presi Presldent President President dent . , by and \ with Ith the ad\ ad advice adIce \ Ice and can con cansent consent consent sent of the senate sennte So It has to take takea a hurdle of some consquence hE before > fore It Itbecomes itbecomes Itbecomes becomes a binding bmdmg agreement and one onethat onethat onethat that Is fully operativeWhen operativeWhen operative operativeWhen When the President Pref.ldent Prefldent . transmits the theSt theSt theSt St Lawrence waterway treaty to the thesenate thesenate thesenate senate for Its consideration he wll1 will wll1send willsend willsend send " with "Ith Ith It a letter from the secre secre- secretarv secretary secretary - - tary tarv of ot state e . explaining plalnln the benefits benefitshope benefitshoped benefitshoped hope hoped to be he derived But Rut the senate senatewl1l senatewill senatewill wl1l will not be content with that tl1at It w111 will w111turn willturn willturn turn the treaty tre'lty trelty ' over to Its committee committeeon on forcl foreign n relations , and that th\t th t ' \ group groupwl11 groupwill groupwill wl11 will hold hearID hearings s to which It will In Invlte invite Invlte vlte vite spokesmen spolesmen , for the various groups groupsInter'sted groupstnterf groupsInterested tnterf Inter'sted Intersted ' steel In Its 1 latlflcation ratification atltlca tlOn or rejec rejectlon rejection rejection tlon tion It111 It \ will \\111 111 " \ listen to both sidesIn < ; sides sidesIn Ides IdesIn In addition . , It will wl11 1m Invite incite Itf ' the secre secretart secretaiv t31 tart ' of state st'lte stlte ' and the American minis minister minister minister ter to OU'1 OU1 Ottawa ' " a a and nd experts e expel el ts \ who ho partic1 particl partic1pated particlpatecl participatod pated patecl In the actual ' writing 'Wr1ting Wr1ting of the doc doe docnment doeument document nment ument to come before hefore It and tell tel1 what whatthe whatthe whatthe the trt treaty > atv does oes These men probablv probably probablvwl11 probablywill probablvwill wl11 will testify In tn private privnte ho\\ ho however hoever \ \ ever , . for It Itmust itmust Itmust must he remembered remembere that thnt all a11 Interna Interna- International International . - tional tlon'll tlonll ' negotiations are carried on onlargely onlargely onlargely largely In secrecy That Is necessary necessarybec'1u necessaryhecauce necessarybecause bec'1u bec1u hecauce ' e It ! Is Iq s frequently Inadvisable Inadvisableto to make mahe public the basis of ot horse horseswappln horseswapping horseswapping swappln swapping Some people will wl1l think thinkthE'lr thinktheir thinbtheir thE'lr thElr their ' gas government O\ O \ Oernmpnt ernmpnt ernment gave ave too much and andthev andthey andthey thev they n , will ,111 111 ill complain complainIf complainIt If It a majority of the committee fa- fa favor favor fa favor - vor ratification they will wll1 vote to sl1b sub sl1bmlt submit submit mlt mit It to the senate sen'lte senlte ' with that recom recommen recommendaton recommendatlon men mendaton dation [ , , . and eventually evetltu'llh evetltullh evelttualls ' action Is Ish1d ishid Ishad h1d hid there , le'lvln lelvln leaving ' then only the act actof actof actof of notlf\ notlf notifying notlfing notifsing \ ing the other othpr : government sovernment , to tohe tobe tobo he be performedIn performed1n performed In 1n outlining the course of ot the wa- wa waterwav wa waterway . - terway terw\v terw v terwav ' \ treaty tre'ltv treltv ' I r have bavp attempted to toplcturC topicture topicture plcturC picture ' the usual usunl processes procesces : They me ate memch atemuch aiemuch mch much ! the same S'1tnC S1tnC ' In all treaties trentIes except escept- escept escepting e excepting cept . - ing ing those ending a war . , With Wltb th.1t th1t that th.1tIlnd thatkind thjtkind . Ilnd kind , of or o n trcatv tre\tv tre tv treaty ' \ It Is unnecessary unnecess'1ry unnecess1ry ' to tode'll todeil todeal de'll dell deil ' for the victor dictates the terms termsnnd termsand termsnnd nnd and HIP till the > loc loser ; ( > r sl signs ns nsCO (2) 2 CO 0 ( ) 1932 Wertem We6tern Wentern Newspaper Nawsvapor Union |
