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Show I i \ f , , r BENJAMIN BENJAWHN fRANKLIN FRAN - The TheGreafesf TheGreafesfrI Greatest GreatestAmerican f 4 ? r American AmericanS rI ' ' r S 'eway eway ' . h h p 4 - : I _ _ _ _ _ , ; * /3 3 / ; ; , . r r i R > s * 4 4s ' RL s / x gx k o sus L a ar C / p pr n ' r r a at z t t ta trte a , rte 4 4r tr r < > r t trfY rfY , ivO 1 ' a i ' A pr prA A Z o oxErr , xErr . , " t 9y 1 1y c cla a9y e a at y zr 1 a4 0 0firi firi firifl4 la fl4 fl4vAlt vAlt vAltL L / t , $ ? : 3 _ _ _ r Cxw > " ' b wv ' , drr6y5 . -5 5 5s 5r 5.gyn s yf 7 . y , , . ' Ai t ; "FPSaSa FPSaSa 'L L drr6y . - . - Y YrAxt"k rAxt"k rAxtk " .gyn gyn t r v1 tII PA ? 1 HG Franklin The Scientist ScientistDYeG DYeG 1RMINYlEJT AAA AAAah ah ahu u " - 2 f f'Bust ME Bust 'Bust 'Bustof ' : of Franklin FranklinIn in the Hall of Fame FameBy 4 4By By ELMO SCOTT WATSON WATSONANUAHY WATSONANUA1tY WATSONANUARY ANUAHY ANUA1tY 17 Is the annlv annly annher ersnry ercary < ; 1ry . ' of thebirth the thebirth thebirth J theJ birth of the ' createst C'rentest Crentest greatest Amerlcan-n Amerlcan n American-ngn American ngn AmericanngnJamin American - BenJainin n njamin jamin rranllin rroni rranl Itn ifn Insofar as the mem memory memory memory ory of last Inst year vcais e'11 e11 ' 5 s bicentennial hrcentennlal celeI celew celebrations cele- cele celebrations - - - ? brations honoring honormg the birth ofGeorge ofGeorge of > ! George " Washington nchl11gton : is still fresh freeh ; In Inthe Inthe Inthe the minds of most mo < ; t Americans Amerlcms : , , theremay there therem'1 theremss I mss m'1 m1 ' ' be those who read re'1d re1d ' this article article"ho articlewho articlewho "ho ho who " "Ill.cl'1lm " will "Ill Ill e ( ' e\clalm- e clalm eclalmWhatl \.cl'1lm .cl1lm .cl'1lm cl1lm clilm \ . ' - . Whatl What 'What , ' ! ! Ben Bentjjroin w , . , j.lmm jlmm jamin . Fianklln Flanl.Jin FlanlJin Franklln . a fi greater greeter re'1ter re1ter ' Americanth'1n Americanthan American . . , thin th'1n th1n than ' George WashingtonSeveral \ Washington nsillngton \ ? " Several Se.ernl Seernl . years ye1rs ago a historian an anImered answered anBwered Imered swered that question in the affirmative affirm'lthe affirmlthe ' and gaveas gn gale galeas ' e ens ns as his reasons the tile following followmg 1 . The expression of 1 F < Franklins ranl.lin ranllin ranUln . s greatness gre'ltnecs greltnecs ' : didnot did didnot didnot not depend on e events , ents he beyond ond his control . - 2 . 2 . He " would would ould ] ha\e ha e hale un \ e been a great eat man m'1n m1n min ' In any t } tperIod fperiod perIod of world worlds s hlstorIn history hlstor\ hlstor \ ' in anv any land hnd 3 He lIe ' would 'Would b'1\ b'1 b1 have b'1e ' \ e be been ( > n 1mon ' among ; tlie the groit great re'lt relt ' een even evenIf e\ e evenIf \ en enIt It If his hIe ; ende'l\ ende'l endel endeavors ende'lors endeisors ' \ ors had hnd bopn bcpn been confined confin'd confind ( ' to one only onlyof onlyof onlyof of sere\a sere a sereval \ ] lines of activity nctl\'ltv nctl 'ltv ltv \ ' In which "hlch hlch " his hie ; achle\e achle e achlese achlesements achleements achievements \ ments were of th the ( > hl highest hest rank ranI . 4 He would be a great reat man m'ln mln ' if he were 11\Ing 11 Ing hsing 11Ingtoday hsingtoday livingtoday \ today 5 Franklin Franh.hn Franhhn . was known hno\'i"D hno 'i"D iD \ ' " thron throughout hout the world worldas worldns 115 as a great gre'lt grelt ' man long tong before the Revolution fieolutIon Resolution fie\ fie \ olutIon inwhich In In'WhIch Inwhich 'WhIch WhIch ' he pa\ pa plaved paed placed ] \ ed a part as tug big IJ } as th lint tht \t t tt \ of or any anyother anyother anyother other greit gre'lt grelt great ' roan man of the period Washington's Washingtons Washington'sgreatness \ Washington'sCreatnesi WashingtonsCreatnesi \ nehlO ; ton's tons ton'sgreatnes ' greatnes greatness , began with the Revolution Reoilltion Resolution Re\ Re \ oilltion . . 0 J 6 ( There is no e exact > . 'lct lct ' standard st'lndarcl stlndarcl ' bv by " which "hlch hlch hum'ln humln human hum'lngreatness humangreatness hunnngreatness ' greatness cau can be measured me1sured or compared Bllt But Blltone Butone Butone one criterion crJterion Is the opinion of citizens cti7ens cI , l7ene ; of othercations other otherDatlon'5free othernationsfree Datlon'5-free Datlon'5 Datlon5 free nations-free nations ' - free from thp thC the ' prenidlccs prcllHIlce pretudlces < : either for or oragainst oragainst oragainst against held bv by the fell fellow 0 " cithcns cltl7cns citirens of a greatman great greatman ent entman man Outside Outcilde th the ( > United < : ; Stites t'ttes tttes ' Fnnklin Fr1nhhn Franklin would wouldbe wouldbe wouldbe be nimed D'tmed Dtmed named ' more thin th'ln thln ' iny 1ny any ' othermerlcan other \ Vmerlcan \merlcan merlcan lmerlcan as the thegreate thegreatest thegreatest greate greatest < ; t American ' ind 1nd and ' is 'IS one of the few greatest greatestmen greatestmen re'1tect re1tect re'1tectmen ' ; men of all time timeAnd timeAnc1 timeAnd And Anc1 In comparing comp1rm these thcee : ; t\\ t two t0 \ 0 great re'tt rett . ' Amerlc'lns Amerlclns Americans Amerlc'lns'What Americanswhat Americanswhat ' 'What What ' finer ttihute tllhute tiihute could be he paid p'llcl pllcl ' to tl1 the ( ' gr greatness greitnessof greatnessof ( > 1tness 1tnessof of Benjamin B'nj'lmm Bnjlmm ( ' ' I J ranklln ranI.I1n ranII1n ranklin . thin th'ln thln ' wis W'1S W1S svis ' once pild p'lld plld paid ' bv by bvWashington bvWas1ln by1VashIngton 1VashIngton Was1l\n Was1l n \ ton hlm himself < ; eJf ? " WritlD Writing . ! : from New Yorh York Yorhon Yorkon Yorkon on svmpithyfor svmp'lthyfor September Spptember 23 . ' 1789 1780 to cypress e\press e press express : \ his svmp'lthy svmplthy svmpithy ' for an nn Illness lllness " which 1uch hid h'td htd ' struck struch rnnklln rr1nldln Franklin clown lawn ( Washrn Washington downWashington clownWashrn lawnWashington ton ; said enirl ' 'Would Would ' to God Gad m mv my , de'lr delr dear ' Sir deirSir de'lrSir dearSir , that T J I could congntulite congr1tn1'1te congr1tn11te congritulite ' , ion sou ou upon the Hie re remova removal removal mova moval ] of that e e\crucnting e crucnting \ crnCI'ltIn crnCIltIn cruciiting ' pain pam , , . under nnder which you von voulabor you1abor vonlabor 1abor labor , ind 'lnd lnd and ' that flint , your sour our existence e\.letf'nce e.letfnce e .letf'nce letfnce \ . : ; ' might clo closp clocP < ; p with withas \ withas Ith Ithas as much mnch e'l el cisp else ' < ; p to yonr yourself < : elf as Its Ite ; contlninnce contin\J1nce contin J1nce continuance \ has hasbeen been beneficial b'neficI'tl bneficItl ( ' ' to our onr ind 'lnd lnd and country countrJ ' useful to m'tn mtn man ' mmkind m'tnkInd mankind kInd peoplejoined ; or . , If the united nnlted \ wishes lchC's lchCs : ; ' of i 1 a ' free frce peOIle people ) . , jolnerl joined friendof frl'ndof with mth the earne earnest < ; t pr1 prayers pricers ' prs of e\ e even een every \ en frl'nd frlnd friend ( ' bodyfrom horlyfrom of sCI science ( > nee ' ind 'lnd lnd and humanity humanltv , could relieve the horly body from claiman pilns p'lins plins pains ' or infirmities , , thit th'lt thlt that ' you could elalm claim elalman claiman an beand exemption e.emIton eemIton ) . ) ! on thl this 3 < score Rut Bnt But this cinnot C'lnnot Clnnot cinnnt ' be he heand and ' vou 'ou ou sou have J1I1\e J1I1 e hase \ wltlunnurself within wltlun yourself \nurself nurself snurself \ the onlv onlt only ' reonrce resource ' ) resourceto reonrceto to wliicli which whiche we \\e e sve \ cm C'ln Cln can ' confidently conflrlentlv apply appl . for relief a philosophIc aphilosophic mind if to bp bl he ' venented Hner'lted Hnerlted venerited ? ' for ( or bene\ bene orbene beneolence benevolence forbenevolence \ olence . , . If to be admired admirer ] for talents tatents If ifto to be esteemed heloved for patriotism pntrJOtIsm If to he loved for humanmind philanthropy ( ' cm 'tn tn ' gratify ratifv the human mind sou you ou must mnc.t mnct ; . have h11\e h11 e \ the consolationto otntlonto consolntionto pleasing plencJJg ; [ ' con consolntion < : otntlon to know that you have not lived tled used tl\ tl \ ed In vain min " . compirison cOmll'1rlson compareson But . , dispensing dupencln dispencing ; : ; \ with vsilh Ilh an3 any an ? Invidious Invldloue invldlous : ; cOmll'1rl cOmll1rl compare ' son thefollowing between hetween two t"o to tan " greit gre'tt grett greet ' men the IIstm listing . ! : of the following outstanding outst'lnc1lng outstlnc1lng ' achievements nchleH'mpnte nchleHmpnte ' ; of llenj1mln Benjamin BenjiminFranklin llenj1mlnFranhlln Franhlln Franklin of sof justnessof should be ' imple 'lmf11e lmf11e ample proof of the jU'5tne jU5tne justness ' < ; , s GreatestAmerican OreatestAmerican characterizing c111racterl7Jng ehiracterhing him is 'le le as ' isThe ; -The The 'ThE - ' The ' Oreatest Greatest American ' ' He Be di&covercd dicovercd discovered dl & covered tint th'lt thlt that ' IIg11tnln electricityProved lightning Is c electricity , leetrlcltv proHd proved it first by bv obscr\ obscr observation obscratlon obsersation \ atlon ' , ind 'lncI lncI and ' logic , 'I.ndcec andSec ' . ind 'I.nd I.nd and cec Sec : sec'ondbv secondbv ond and hv by actual actu'l actul ' ] test wilh with his kite hlte , also Invented In.ented Inented . the lihtnlng lightning ; rod "hlch hlch which " lch Dr Dn , char1es Chllrleq Charles Stetnmet7 < : ; tetnmf't tetnmft l said d Is ; still stllJ n , the tIle best " " ' ? ind 'lnd lnd and ' most reliable rf'1IahlE rf1IahlE ' ' protection prntC'ction prntCction ' we lightningHe have against agalnct ; 1ightnln lightning lightningpiSiT He was the first to . dlc.covpr dlccovpr discover piS-iT piS iT I110 th thlt tt - ofelectricity - a n a"ent -"ent "ent ent current < " " of electrIcIty has a ma magnetic netlc effect elTeet I e that It cm C'ln Cln sin ' nngnctlye m1gJlctlC magnetlye ? a n piece 1lece } of . ' ' see Stee .teet teet ( This TIlle mt'ntal mtntal mental fundimental ; Ie is ( s ; the fund funds ' ! . ' principle on " which "hlch hlch the telegnph telcg'Mph telcgMph telegrmpli ' the tele tele- - - telephone telep'Ione phone p'Ione pIone ' and the eiectn- eiectn electrll electric eiectnmotor - ' motor basedHe baedHe are arc based baed ' ) He gave gale a\e a e \ theorld the \ world \\orld orld \ th the ( ' best h.et het hest electrie ( . ; thf'or thfor theory ' } of or elec trlclty tricity ! y and modern < : science cIcnce his has h"l hl " < ' ' adopted 'ldopted ldopted his bls conclusIons earlycone usion . The These early ' < ; e were tint th'lt thlt that ' elpetricKT elpctrlcltv electricity consIsts on5 of t's"L tsL " ver very LI"1111160'1 LI11111601 mInute " ! p'lrtlcles plrtlcles partlcles ' ' ' ! 65 so small sma " th'1t th1t that ' they can enn can.Possible pn ennpn canpass pass < : 3 < het\\ec.n hetec.n het ec.n ecn between \ . thE ' 1tom atoms ' < ; or ordinary matter Thev They are now called eler electrons tr l ons ls 'lnd lnd and ' lnu h'1Yf h1Yf hive " ' ' made madevposslble \po po \ .Possible Possible vposslble . madepo < ; slble the f'lclloHe rulinHe ' radio f'lcllo flcllo rulin He Invented 1m ented the Franklin Frankhn stove 5tOe 5tO\ 5tO \ e , , the th ( . flr first < ; t suc sue cC ccssful suecesbful bful " wood "ooc ooc snood ] burning burnmg stO\ stO stove stOe stose couSrvand \ e usid u5ul used In thIs lhls thi , country and contrivingbywhich he 1m invented ented the 1m Invaluable .tluable tluable . bysshich , contrn'lnee contrnlnee contrivance ' by sshich llich ' a n flre fire con consumes < , umes Its own smol e , and roado made madethenrst the first smo smol } e a consuming stove sto\e sto e \ or furnace no lIe furnaceno furnacelIe lielpcd Ielped helped } est'1blJ est1blJ estibllsh ' < ; h the fir first < , t chartered fire In- In In JUrance aurance InJUrance ! urance company comp.lOt complOt . ' in . Amprici America mf'rlc'l mfrlcl ' ' " ; . - ' Ineluded Amono Among Amon AmericaAmong lils his 1118 many mans mnn . 1m Inventions lnsentlons entlonq fchould boud should } be In \ elUded a three wheel clock " , , a n library chair that . . J . t t ' " , 1\ 1 " \ . - , . 110 10- 10 - . . , . , , ' " s 1 . .JL JL . ! 10i _ i . ; .l l . ' Jf14 lJf14 ! 4 t a : r TfJj1JI TfJj1JIa TfJj1JIThe 1/Jfl- 1 Jfl 1JfliJ ! ( " < { / l/ l / - ' iJ I The Apotheosis Apothecsts of Benjamin Franklin Franklid rii 1r ; J ' M Mr F"ROM1H FROM1H FROMSHr r " M-.Hr M.Hr M .Hr Hr - . ' MURAL URAL 51 BY B-CN B CN ' - N c.WY.n.f cWYn.f cWYnf GWY61l . ( . . , J gl , ,3 3 , . . . . _ . - . " . . ' I s - .AMM AMM ' " - > ' " , . - ' " \'s 's s \ ' 'M M WU " ( .R R Id's " ' . . ' . W y'oj yoj y'ojt ' Id t : , ? r . . l ' " rv Irv l lftl ftl I\ I \ . l f ( ; . / ' t . . to1 Li , y . , " ' \ > ' f > t . $ / ? * t , "O O " tIJ 1 ( " y jy } vM , / / 'Y Y ' 4 " r j . 1JJ \ J 1J r\'m r J ; { . 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MVM Fra Frank kli ins s - ism'v.mnMKMmsssirawwwmKmmffS ismv.mnMKMmsssirawwwmKmmffS ismvmnMKMmsssirawwwmKmmffS ism'v.mnMKMmsssirawwwmKmmffSins ' PrintingPress Printmcj Printing ' r n-b n b - cj p Press ; ; ; ' ; ' ' 11 ' could be com convened converted erLed Into a steplidder stephdder stepladder . an .ill ill artlfi artifi artlficia artifivial artificial cia vial I fi [ aim m for tiking t'1I.lng t1I.lng t1Ilng tiLing ' . books bool.s bools . down don do\\ do \ n from hl hi"h hih hi"hsheh hihshelves " , hshelves sheh shelves es in i 1 a ' IIbr'1r IIbr1r library ' . , i 1 ' one arm chair thit th'1t th1t that ' could couldbe couldbe couldbe be u u&ed ued used & ed like lIl.e lIle . a desk desl . or tibie t'lble tlble table ' for "rltln rltln " writing ; the thepulse thepulse thepulse pulse tliss Miss ; 1'l'5s 1l5s ' ' , , an electric jack jaci . for turnln turning ! ; ' a rO'lst rOlst roast rO'lstof roastof roistof ' of meat over o\er o er \ the ( die hie ne , , the liundrv humIn litindrs m'ln mln mingle mangle ' le , a acopying acopying acopying copying press for t tiking lhlng king copies of letters or orother orother orother other writing vv \ fltlng riting and double douhle spccticles cpect'lcles-ncar cpect'lcles cpectlcles ncar spectacles-near spectacles near : ; ' - near andfirsloht an and andfarlht f'lrl"ht flrlht farlht ' . , , . " , glassesAlthou glassesAlthough glasses glassesAlthough Althou Although h not the dlsco\ dlsco discoverer dlscoerer \ erer , , he wasi was "a a " the first firstto firstto firstto to demont denlOn demunstrtte > trite tr'lte trlte ' tlie the production of cold bC bv b\ b hi \ C\ C es Cnp cvaporation \ np ap nporation aporation oration , a fict flCt fist up to that time unknown lDI.no\\n lDI.non lDI.no lDIno n ) . \ to toscicnce toscience toscience tosciencelie scicnce science scicncelIe scienceHe lie He wiy was \ 'HI HI ' the onglnitor originator orJ ln'ltor lnltor ' of the modern scienceof SCIence SCIenceof scienceof of the . ' art of ventilition entll1t1on ventilation \ lie " wis was 'lS lS ' the first to todlscoer todiscos todiscover dlsco\er dlsco er discos \ er the ! poisonous folconous polsonous : quality q111l1t quints q111l1tlllch , ss \ wliicli \\lllch lllch Itch repe"lterl repelterl repeated repe"lterlre repeatedrespirations repeitedrespiruions " re respirations < ; plntlons impart to the air in a room IIe He IIen Hewas liewas \\n n was \ the first to cill till c 111 attention to tlie the follof folly foll\ foll \ ' of ofexcluding ofexcluding ofexcluding excluding fresh freelI ; air from 1I0 hosplt hospitals < : plt'11s plt11s ' ds and clck sick clckrooms sickrooms ; sickrooms sickroomsHe rooms |