Show VINEYARD irrigation IN ARID CLIMATES I 1 G r it i t i I 1 11 I 1 if t i nil foil I 1 I 1 f n ay iy i till I 1 II 11 I 1 11 1 at nil I 1 1 11 11 I 1 t i 1 i M it t 1 I 11 II 1 1 to 1 wt ino 11 troll lynll it 11 11 liv HIP air li if i I 1 11 if ii fill ra r i try f ih ill i I 1 I 1 1141 it IM K itil 1 li VIK I 1 H 1 11 N u alt I 1 t it t I 1 in it t irnel thi ill ui ul I 1 i loth to 1 i 1 11 1 ix is lr on list n with ut tit any ta so 11 it nil till I 1 ali I 1 I 1 nicil fill it 11 I 1 li ir 4 tn in fit gi H ito it i ilir thip ir it tight HI oil I 1 now ault th the y tuv 4 1 I nio m r li to I 1 A 11 II it ui loubri 11 1 ri tinte tt t th f without Ut irrigation ml it I 1 ink look I 1 I 1 i I 1 i t I 1 11 I 1 ml tilt it lit h tin toil t I 1 or my IA risi 0 oil etui 1 f irray ulam if 11 th hi arid 1 birti irti in rin r califi 1 chic lit IQ prolific i ills 1 f i ertain vin vitt tia 1 f r fire wilh with eirv I 1 or no tilt ri it lit li cottri ts v ahn hi I 1 it th the I 1 rf it tint it n in ii it rn tir r thoin ill lit mont inelly thin li if I 1 mi my ihrk I 1 I 1 th ili hel f that grapes i aull I 1 tie grown in ili Alo till and I 1 IH in i apo rime tit litva visit erivn ri that hi his 4 theory arm ornit orni t Clit N 2 98 1 1 v I 1 h i gri agricultural cultural 0 tint nt tit of th thi tile 11 e 0 if r I 1 ni tit rot r ot 1 f ali alifornia fornin otillia t hill I 1 vine yard ionly on fn arid marq I 1 ga t nit M lurk lark much tit aaion of f regarding t tho he raising it f r R i if I 1 i i it in fm till bior I 1 ir I 1 t i 1 M I rb silo it ltd I 1 vin that the circular boull I 1 f r 4 biumi uil int lift ro r nt and tl it it t I 1 th its r I 1 nil it who tire air in i gnp n ml nit link I 1 1 I 1 I 1 1 I 1 11 II little ini in lend fH int tit t it anti w ire lanil it to do 10 lo it ll 11 f r II 11 w altere 14 muo ll 11 i 11 f pin pill ion 1 1 hirmle tr lr I 1 the hi lit I 1 prial rial alli allol 11 1 similar birlon it to the num tr finif inn lit of llumi if irrig irrigations irions ri it 1 I ml old witt 11 th IN a tit of if this tiff relief is the arfa atif n A harat ter of tin till 0 o Is ii in which aich vin are pr what whitt IH in the lit li it at way t in try kill vines ill ili hero theno r if ions T ahert in of no ito angle cotret adaer to thih thim question fach disc case in 1 it manial lOrn to arrive nt tit it satisfactory relation solution we must know it the r require mints of the vines anil and b the lion tron of the particular bod 1 to the water wo w apply that is ho how hoa A the watce ap at plied to the soil is distria buted and lost water bequir merits of the th vini vint in winter the ine is dormant and ii 11 then comparatively indifferent to tho water content of thu the oil soil so long is the soil 11 is moderately moist around moet most of ito roote it will not suffer from drought on the other hand it I 1 is equally rosis resistant taint to of f waitr at this time when the vines inet arc are dormant the vin vi nivard LArd mav be bo flooded and the root roots may stand in satur tatu soil for everal weeks with ith cut out injury warning th taut re mark doo doce not appl to oun vines dines just planted nursery footings roo tines tings and till still more cuttina cut tinn ate nen sitivi to excess of water and a at few fei das in atura fd oil toil mn mi cluie th hem el to dell 1 a it is i oab after they hae made a years yearn growth and have hae an e established root ittem ss terri that the they ac quire resistance to standing water ater on the other hand they then are as re bitant to dryness 1 is ir in ast blishel i ines ai A won soun as thu tho luti dwitis vitus of the vine are aroused by the aarni arm er of spring it lo loses e 4 its indifference to the bater of the soil when the tit diw rootlets start tart they them quickly debay if the tle soil is io satur abed with that all air is excluded also when the buds start and produce lea leabes es flit thase se soon stop grow groh ing and wither if the food moisture supply loe toes not remain adequate for tho the young rootlets from this time until the harvest 7 trig of the crop the vines will do their best if the oung feeding roots are growing in oil containing nil all the water chev an use but not so much as to try exclude the air aich which they equally need to determine It termine this op annum leyne cf of moisture requires observation and oc cas ional borings with a soil auger should be made to nt tit least four feet until t hi his determined what I 1 is the tle belt best wn of rna tug the particular soil to get the required con if it the water ater does not pene plene botn tn deep as the root roots more ir riff ahon tion in needed if the soil at four feet or lua itis remains muddy over 48 hours after irrig irrigation ution le lee les s should be applied tho problem is rela relatively simple in deep toila soils which take water easily and where the drainage is good in such soils there is little danger of over irrigation on the other hand in shallow soils that is soils oils under laid by impervious layers at four feet or less the problem is 13 often difficult in t the a first in stanie one or two heavy irrigations early in the season followed by proper cultivation to prevent wew bew growth crowth may be sufficient to provide the needed moisture conditions in the second amond a heavy IT tr irl tion is safe only in the winter wr while le the vinos vines are completely dor 1 mant during the growing season li the vine vines must be supplies eup plies with anth the i required Aloi sture b frequent light I 1 1 irrigation and caro care m keep A all the soil conW containing ning roots moist without being muddy in such soils number of two inch test hole six feet deep supplied eup plied with a two inch perforated iron pipe are useful as a means of determining the level of sat crated nod they should be placed in various parts of the vi vinc vard especially where the ground is lowest and will do much to simplify the problem of applying sufficient water oater without danger of th the soil frequent use of a soil auger Is i also advisable as a means of test ing the conditions UP to the harvest season the water requirements cf of the vino are at their maximums maxi water la Is required for new growth for tha tho development and maturing of tho the crop and for the abundant collage foliage on son which both of these activities depend after the harvest the tho require are ara less all that Is i needed is euffie bent moisture to keep the leaves la in good working condition without promoting new growth it Is the work d w f th the loais 1 after ali tl or r 1 i is bar ai till that lintur it th tit ehnis ani 1 aas up ih th minim HI kt KM its if nutty wint in ili the buds still nl othir of the tho vine on oil aih chuh tho the healthy growth arld 4 ap 1 1 1 f tha foll following 1119 cr ear bre large 1 if pf p nd till loo much at tit this period 1 I 1 gnp its it may slim tim f I 1 r romuel alv I 1 and groth f new toots ansti nd of pro perl maturing the conell ant n 1 buds bull birmily silly formal absorption 1 attribution all I 1 I 1 loss ofis if water in order to satisfy the ro re quire ments of the vine the irrigation must vary ary with A ith ill the nature of the goil soil if tho the soil is pervious peri ious the water must be run in chort furrows or small checks ant with a large lar head otherwise the land near the he held heid id of irrigation will hecei vp ve too much and anti that at the other and nd too little if the soil takis taka water blob 1 tho tilt burrous may be longer and tho the tune of irrigation must be longer to permit the water atar to pene to the depth if the noil toil is shallow irrigations must be more frequent to keep a sufficient supply of water available to the vines at oil nil times in soils lolls water percolate percolates downward more rapidly than horizontally the irritating fur rows should be flo loic floe e the batir which kits gots into th soil bi b transpiration through thi leaves of the vines ko es and intercross inter crops by from the burfict of the oil 1011 and by bv draining through the L the more leaf gioth there is therefore the u water ater is needed tie better the cult cults nation the ifs it is necessary to ap div pl and bitter the drainage irain ira inage aRC the 1 1 it langer there is of oti cl arri irrigation aaion N ith so man mani factors it 1 is difficult I 1 impossible to do definite finite rules rhe rho best method can be de il 41 by bv careful trial and observation in tho the individual case irrigation imp aaion the first lear ear before planting a vi vin earil tho the soil should b bt wt t to the depth that the rota rots nn lin prie this is tho the main irria tion and anti in dp retentive s sill il fur it supply of water which is to the ancs ire all summer chis preliminary minari main irrigation is essential in ahlm ind and in shallow sha soils in dep purius oils the main in ration may ix lk t gian ivin after th vines ties art planta Pl aritO but in relatively inn r ious soil t is difficult to rive give the larga clune of birter needed without danger langer of causing decay of youns oung ineal alread in tha the ground As so sm n as its tb soil works well ell after this irrig and before it becomes dry the vines ines may be planted the next irrigation irn pation should be in n soon after the vines ines have made a iod start of root and shoots this urination ar should be light sufficient simpli to replace the water ater which has been beell evaporated from the upper 80 soil if it is best applied in furrows c Q to and on euch side of the nos later irrigations Rations mi should be applied in the same wa a young vines require comparatively little water ater if the soil is kept cul sufficiently to prevent weed growth the needs of the vines are aidy met cuttings and roo rooting tings will ill form roots over six feet long the first season too frequent summer irrigations tend to promote unde i hurt to r tn in I 1 tit nr for cut kitt lift ar i Is i with nv I 1 r 11 K vilifies isto 1 ir or I 1 ionti not broin ic to lutu little growth th which w aich eft aln n full I 1 antin in to kill 41 1 I 1 fi i inn yr aith under r these it n ili lili 1 11 1 it I 1 fit I 1 forge oo 00 vine chith arti at to t hatim I 1 cheli api I 1 biroth ii roth ninko loon li the tilt II 11 iw ow nit n thon than arnall in ink k will I 1 visit tirs their vi 4 1 I earh in tin lite SIK 01 I 1 N i 1 1 it it if tit 1 I 1 ne II 11 I 1 in H indar 1 I 1 that it f till hi fil hi ih i ir I 1 A ahti t I 1 n 1 4 N 1 lilii 1 va I 1 I 1 if I 1 th till I 1 I 1 I 1 f A ii if ti if r hi be f I 1 11 0 t 1 li I i tart I 1 t il of ny I 1 ll 11 1 4 1 1 1 1 ea h 1 i 1111 flina w 1 it i I 1 it I 1 ir vii irit I 1 n 1 I it j ill ill I 1 IP P I 1 I 1 i it 1 11 i I 1 d ul III I 1 na in 1 ni nit I 1 nit i A I 1 ih it I 1 i t f it it 0 t 1 I 1111 T 1111 L I 1 t inep 1 i ith tit i i t arnt i it 11 14 4 lilt il fit i thim ih ill fr f rt r t A 4 ill li 1 n on ii W f it w 11 I 1 1 if 11 r t 1 ti ni i 4 at f lit li i ui h ill 4 tl i 1 I tl 0 0 will wool r alif in ul I 1 I 1 leill I 1 1 I 1 t sit 11 I 1 alf f tit hi mirrl n ri atil nn I 1 t I 1 r air in in furrow root fl t tle mill m of only in lit militia w i i arv rr foil boll nn mr than ikc t anim r irren tiong 1 I 1 in m till 0 not of I 1 the he inart irrigation of biting inn non tearing vir vinn rhoul I 1 n nt t bf lit inter than fid fula who n are in me ri rt r i flint pit ip if t 41 imply ply the 1 rf of the lilt in fit KU all h A wn m that thi tho anti inti r rup the 0 wrt vr min in A have to infill n I 1 e I 1 iv v to moving kurple KUr plu mt rt I 1 lur n 1 hi tie I 1 lit ili turn t irl 1 forr rail it n f II 11 firmie inn tie n 4 th the itri n if f hi ili I 1 inn innvik I 1 I 1 no vine vim tt ah h ull will in ili if linping foil w the nw e firm thi the i I 1 in lit ti t I 1 i nf of it r it hom houar r kiik R n demand 11 for f r ater in in it in i it v ir rii In tion a little before th grapes i an p n to i allo 1 where the crop im eirl its in y ani nn i 11 I 1 n ot hallow nn after alif h of the tho crop v he w 1110 fit f il or even nc net elt P arv this irrie t in should b lent to keep the ann green and in rood condition until ahn weather to turn 4 lol 1 in ili aubut autumn yin tut I 1 lit not sufficient to start a new groth of shoots A el loins and anti dropping of th haea from A dimi diminishing dimini shine anter 1 in november and rind parly early pec dec aher are desirable A it Y the mum main and the wetting ettin sr of the he hould tike when the in are dormant nn 0 o part of the soil should remain nidd more than 48 hour while hile the th ne are growing the soil oil should become sufficient fir v irv to ton ston new nev growth several veral aks before the th arrival of cold wea ea the oun non inea require its leas anter thin th in mcinni vines and an art er erv set i itie to from ex c ps c 1 of if water ater mon after then are slanted Tian teil and from cold w wither asther or fre arft t if they anre mitu mc inz ve new nath late in the tho autumn |