Show HOW AMERICANS FARM F IN I CANADA ES IN PEN AND PENCIL PE CIL FROM THE 1111 NEW WHEAT T BELT 0 I I m ol the Newt j Armi I t tAr r tenter Jent r 1 1006 1906 by lIy rank Krank O G Cm pen I tel Saskatchewan lI I i want to 10 tell lell you ou in III Canada Time some Mm t like II citizens in this northwest t und came caine lIell luit your All own unit moat of ot hem liem are ra the th 1 farmers of or th ir y 1111 vo born similar lurid IR In III Minnesota and the and ami their farm arm machinery iliac hiller mul household with them The have Imported their own ho ire unU they be lie beluin luin breaking tho the they landed Uy nay of ot one American who uha rump I in U t M arrived at lit 8 lullu m iti al miles of or tnt Am Mn ou r rIt lU It 10 o clock line morning UI rt un 1111 l hardly he h was sniff out turn by two lif lu bud three plows ut lit work u v i 11 I in inthe 11 the spring l in t Hint l H I d other oth rH knot up UI lul they th ar plowing un l t eed suiting lor II tu to their th lr homo Within a I tel few month now nolY t Ihl ii will l h hi i on all 1111 over liter the mid II the will do du fine until they ther gut the U THE t The rhe of lino hert ire Ir dif different II III I ferent from In the th i Il iI of United Suites Thoe nr ml lloris of ot litres of l 1 ml which I U boon 1 by IJ man The fhE prairIe In IH covered with a 1 nod MOil mid onu mu mUM t It June and plows to 10 turn It The bent time lime for tOl In III InIn In tho early lit I when tarth larth hn softened by t It winter As 8 as 48 tho frost trost in Ja out nut the Ihl iu II they are kept limy bUI until tho Iho crol i II in Tho br In II done lIone by hy tle Mho own the und by b who nuke malIc a II of preparing the for Cor later on ondo ondo do much of oC the The rhe orJIn orlIn nry lIry f miner u II culls plow und from three to a II half hal dozen lozell horses With three horses horse ho he Is to III plow Illow about two t 10 per day und with more mOr in III Much of tho work s performed by II traction engines which machine plows HO largo thai they turn over a Ii strip of sod Mod ns os 1111 tho e city at lit one onetime onetime time Them plows plow will ninko fur tur furrows rows In hi crossing the field und will break hren up ns liS much an liS 40 41 In one day Such work Is done by h contract tile the charging JIHO nO per for tor loins the plowing Tho next process fI Is back Betting that la 18 over the field again throw throwIng Ins Ing the furrows In the opposite direction direction tion This may also b he done by con tract truet the tho total for lor plowing buck back tind seeding being This means that a n man lOon can his hIli wheat planted lu In reduced rom tho virgin lit nt 5 per acre and the Iho coit of ur tho iced Icell Indeed I hail real agent who have been trying to sell me land lanI offer to tuko of u II farm ond put putI It I under crop crOll for tor 13 f per acie tho cost of o the Heed Thin IB Iii In addition to the tho purchase o price Some HOllie of ot the farmers hero who lire ure to KOI quick returns sow wheat tile year that they break the soil soli Others Other Io the land In the spring and et i It II In the summer r seeding l It during the Itle following spring Thin pro CO K 11 good crop Those who plant upon breaking do not expert ox pert to get gel much the year Oth Othera era plant for tor their Hist crop croll and wheat the Ihl next year I THE WIll A The fhe old picture of ot Ih tanner fanner going over Iver the plowed ground III 1 II Ii the tho train t Is not to be een em In InI I iv Cl Ada Alln Alt 1 grain here IH III planted with The ordinary drill Is pulled by h and on the larger farms t drills on 11 another over i iI I lie fluid The he drill plants the tho setd el ll I cover Oler It II after this the tho farmer Larmer la lu t off ot until horv t tHo Ho may now nn break bf ak up or I other lun for tor the nul year or mas build lil maka multo fences or under undertake take lake other general Improve Improvement ment Sr IN CANADA f Tho must moat time lime of ot tho year car carI I I with tho Is a II Ian 1 of ot TI rh rop glow fast I IT ir In tIU Bluto and hur M IMI t on nil 1111 ut lIt once une I Alone about IIII mil of August th golden se s and full r l n wind Nt Hea a aIH IH hI composed ell of nt ready for Cor mul nUl all Is l rill nt nl ju t about the Ih 3 ame amet time t 1 Th now go If 0 Into their with u II rush In many ese the women omen girls Join the men ho In the fl d Nearly every man has haH his hi own I and the olton drive rho th Iho to cut the Ih lined I ach harvester II drawn by IY three horse hor ol but the len in such Hitch ft 1 I nun without trouble At t the same time of hands have been heen Im Imported ported troll from the United Slate and Tanida have received reduced from tho railroads me IlIe mire of work at lit high wages from now HOW on 11 until tho Krahl KM In has ha been loaded upon the cars carK which will take It to 10 the Hunt lakes lake HOW HW mom mAPS KNAPS on the larger larner farms U 11 pushed from sunlight to tl dark and even n nII by II twilight moonlight Thousands of ot bushels of grain must he reaped u II week or t Ill II little delay may mill the crop Tho rho grain must be he cut wh m It In hf Just JUHt BO ripe nid no riper If HIett left too long U II will hull In tho th hal har harvesting vesting If It It become wet It will lots lo loIn In quality an 1 an tro t may ruin U II Take for a IL farm Ilko that of ot mlle l J which had last year one wheat Held lIeh contain containing ing 1000 1600 from which came 1500 bushels of or grain crain worth rind moro more Thit farm la III situated near nr Dun Dundurn durn In hundred milea north of tho boundary U It IH I owned by hy a Minnesota sena senator tor who gut got his experience In the tho United States The rhe moment his wheat was ho hI n clo en bar hilI Into U n worked his hili machines from daybreak to o lark dark until every cery was cut Ht lit had of ot horses ho he Instructed his men mell to push them m to their utmost Thero was Willi no I or orI I I tho How Seeding is Dono Among Hie Iha I and I WU 8 lt is Marketed Tho Elev tr Mills Opposed to I o M x o M oy Mw o oh h 1 I ii I JI h 1 IY r t 1 i f i t iLio i F i 0 1 y Q Y t 1 1 1 1 1 1 I f X t t tV V y y V f y 7 V Y V YV V V V X t tV tM I V M XH J OW I I THRESHING TIME IN THE IT TIELT Photographed for tor tho Iho Saturday liy II Frank Frunk G Carpenter for tor resting at nt tho end en of ot tho I but every tour four bourn fash toimi were put Into the harvesters harve and the work went on the machines following each other over OPI this vast II t tract cutting down of or acres Iere tit ot one swath The rn 0 fult was that HIP wheat was nil har harvested vested In time and It brought excellent AMONG AIONO TUB Im Ti I hao ceen considerable threshing during my III trip through Canada Tilt Tho work IM Iff done by hy and nOlI In riding through tho country last In III fall ono was Willi out of or sight Hight of ot tho smoke Ihn nol l of ot the threshing machine The rhe business h Let us visit n a and see ce how It Is done The Held nelll which wo W enter contains 1000 acres It Is a spotted d with wheat shocks or 01 as 1111 thy th are called here Kach of or n II half dozen dozell or III more stood upon end with on top tOil so lO arranged nn nt to ebed the rain In form the tho lire are thrown on tho wagon to 10 be can led direct t to 10 the thresher Thero arc alc a II halt half team moving over oer the Held gathering l them up Men stand on tho wagons ll idling I the tho sheave shel Ai All soon oon an nil a wagon Is loaded U It Is driven to the thresher 1 I There Thero ate ale two there thero nil all the time and the shelves stream continuously Into tho thresher from rom sunrise t to sunset At the same there Is I n little river of ot grain lowing flowing cut It cornea comes from the tho thresher through a tin pipe which has haff a I flexible end of ot canvas This end endIs Is placed In the wagon box and tho wheat li not handled by b man from tho UIO It leaves lea es the tho straw until It reaches the car after wagon cornea collies to tho thresher and li filled with wheat Its driver carrying It on to In the tho elevator or O up to the which are pro provided vided nt Ih stations from where It may be shoveled Into the cotS cats THE IINO The work here herc ni nil on most moat of ot the Canadian farms la Is done dono by contract thresher Few r ew farmers own such ma machines chines but thara Ih ro contractors who go from rom farm to farm arm carrying tangs gangs of or m men n with them They The the wheat at so I much per bushel hushel They The threshIng machines many of or come from the United States American traction 1 engines by b which they move moo their outfit from ono one farm arm to 10 another Every Eory thresher canles with him hi n 1 little caboose upon wheels which constitutes s tho cooking and eating places of ot the men There Is III also a 11 awater water tank wagon In which tho water uter for tor tho Iho engine Is carried The rho ordinary threshing th outfit requires a force torce of or IS 18 men who hired for tor the season at wages of ot a 1 day 1111 Including board The rho food Is supplied by hy the anti alt all that the tho farm farmers ers need ned do Is to furnish the wagons gons to 10 cany away thi grain O THi Tm WHEAT In the eastern part of the United States Sin tel the wheat is often olen stored 1 In III granaries and tho farmers watch the market until tho price Nice Is Just right when they haul It to 10 the tho station illation and ship It II In the tho new Canada there thero are practically no barns or The wheat goes goel direct from the threshers to tho elevators or It IB Is sent to the tho cars hipped to tho storage eleva olea elevators tors upon the great groat lakes Throughout the wheat region there now nOI more than 1000 elevators There ara oro at every station they stand out on tho marking the Ih of o tho wheat districts surrounding are aro ICO SOO different station which luch and they tiley have havo a I storage capacity of ut bushel bUhel This Is III the gnat ele elevators el II at Kort William and Tort Port Ar Arthur Arthur thur nt at the Ih head of or LItke which will hold thing Ilko bushels bushel more TUB TIm CANADIAN SYSTEM t These elevators are largely owned by b companies which buy ship shill und SION wheat One company will own thirty or forty tort elevators located 1 at nt different points Its HI agents will make sum summer mer und winter of or storage and ralo The number of o is III 1111 Idly Increasing U It has hili doubled within tho post pant five yun now are going gain up Ull day All these theall ole olo lItora art ara under unde government supervision Ion sion Each hoi ha n II license lice rue and It II Is Inspected regularly by II tho Ihl warehouse commissioner livery l er bit of ot grain which Is sold Hold In Canada has hae to 10 pass lubs through such leh Inspection It must be weighed under the government welsh master moster and all grain put Into ou l has hns to bo be upon by h the govern government ment This Is 18 to maintain the high standard of western Canadian wheat These elevator companies will hold tho Iho wheat and jel eJ It ns us lie he orders or 01 they will agree to bundle it on and got what they think Is III the highest pi Ice If the wheat is shipped on the th train the rail railroads railroads roads will charge In the tho neighborhood of ot 25 cents for hauling a hundred pounds 1000 miles nm it can be taken down the tho great t lakes by hy water 1 tel n thou and miles for Cor about IIvo cents per lief bushel I I HIGH 8 The elevator companies rife arc much criticised by the tho farmers who ho claim that they th y delay tho shipment of ot wheat In order ordel to tn increase charges The wheat begin to come to the ele cle elevators about the tho 1st ht of ot September the elevators are pretty well wol filled up i by the tho middle or lattur put pint of o Octo Oclo ber bel As the tho season goes on they charge a 1 margin of ot a n tel few cents n bushel to cover cor the risk of at a po ment down own the lakes lake und this margin Is sometimes Increased to 10 10 cents a bushel If It the wheat has hus to bo ho held over H actually costs between h tween seven levell eight cents to keep a II hu hel of If In tho elevator el alor from winter to tho Iho open openIng Ing of ot navigation on the rent lake lale CANADAS C UI BIO 3 BUSINESS rSS Many of tho country elevator fire arc owned by hy the milling companies They Tho are used for tor cleaning shipping tho grain oUo obo for Cor storing It II over winter Winnipeg IH the chief milling center for tho northwest although there ore other milts mills now building throughout the tho wheat belt largo mills constructed In lu tho 1110 miles cast easl of Winnipeg One of o these mills a n capacity of ot 5 oeo barrels of ot Hour per lieI day da and It li h linow now shipping HH product to Great Britain Australia South Africa and Japan as liS well as to all parts of lit Cana Canada da III The Tho Milling company has hs hasan an establishment ut lit Winnipeg whir which grinds barrels of ot Hour a II day anil altogether there arc 1110 mills here h rt which hleb ar nr turning out something like Ilk barrels barrel of Hour everY eury hour All 11 of ot these theRo mills mill ure re molting making money iliuM Canada has hall a 11 tariff h keeps out American Hour mul Its lis honi hom requires about Cl OI hll of wheat wheal per annum The ex exports ports amount to 10 two or three millions barrels barrod yearly Within tho th past twelve months flour mills hoE have hon been constructed In the not fur from rom the foothills of or tho to grind winter wheat for tor the trade There ore are mills at Callary which Will JOon be he producing 2000 bar barrels barrels p r llIn day and others othor will be con as 18 the of ot winter wheat wheal In e Winter wheat Hour U b es s peel illy desired by b the Japanese awl the region where It Is 11 Joins being rained lIe within n limit 1000 miles of or the tho coast CANADA D DONT WANT A Tho Canadians dont mint American Hour and I II lid some Boma of nt them object tn our taking the wheat It 1 In bond 1 met tit lit Montreal Mr Ill Hollert Iel hen prel of 1 the tM Lake of the Woods Milling company COlli II which has hos some of or the tho luri cst mills In talked with him us nil to Said hoi ho hoI I am opposed to 10 having our wheat BO He the tit United States to be bl ground for tOI shipment I 1 believe In high duties M on Hour und I Imaku mi 01 Americans como come to und build mills If It jou ou want to Hour Mr It Ml I not Canada profit by b with Uncle Sam No was the tho reply rep We c rather have war with tin th United States than commercial leac If Ir Sam would build a II trade wail ninetynine NIt feet high across his hie north northern ern boundary It would suit us down don to the th ground We Wa believe It U 1 best be t for fOl forthe the North American continent for forthe or orthe the that we should bo ho oppose 1 to 10 each other as 1111 far tin nH la III con concerned cerne We want a 11 protective IlVo tariff high enough to force Coree your people to es el establish bianch blOnch factories lure hero and make with Canadian lubor such lIch goods as WB 1111 me That hat Is III what la IR going on now and what will tI be done more mot mor morIn motIn In the tho future B aLAND AND Your Youl Ideas lire are different from thOM thosa of lit your YOul mother country Mr r said I Phu Sho Is for tor free trade That was wall fo In the past replied th thi Canadian miller hut but It Is not so now The fhe lire beginning to linder stand the th situation and they the will soon retaliate the tho United Slates ag M Imports Import In III such lIuch u II WilY way as ns tj IJ foice Uncle Sum Ham to bin hla knees QUI Our colo ule ore rapidly In the pro production of ot bread brend stuffs stutts They furnished Greal of or her supply last year and wo we have havo now lIOW enough whet wheat land to |