| Show Mf M RN U rAL IT T AI I II I G IN UTAH nH S I Tells Has lias principal l I Oteo iten ami What is Being Done Donen In n soft Salt S lt tale liS ARO EARLY HISTORY 1 Thought of Hand It 1111 d h t the Master 1 What It Is DoIng I lu kI DI Different 1 creat Countries becoming e it lt Lake uke that manual 1 and nd morp more persuaded I mire la Is to 10 lake taKo a t stronger er I pair training fig than Ibn It hM hoe hitherto In don that It hM hue le toW long In n th II as also else thO ond u II l IA dw destined n I to mental factor In and id tor r Industrial life lite I cea cas DonY the question rr r I ae f penult l ln lu Included de tho many manyi artful i torms forme of ot n handicraft an aB followed In III best b at school chool iY the In In ht the Iho kinder MH It b ry wany g and ands 8 M U continued I i nit tho Iho through the Ir Sr in Bas I i IW Weaving modeling m g gand com with paper and card and tho thu primary Kin are e employed in bated tJ ts Rellin ing I In U lis general e with wood anil ond paper arc most most wed O l Ili III t the grammar Trades grades ff sewing I In II Its Kt general ft nd ad housework el branches cooking tai In wood and metal aro 1110 em pj working l h school and the Un Un S Drawing Is Included In nil all manual training work The object de the Is I the educative force torce which lies Ilea lIe in MM l bodily labor lobor to d do de plop flop character t ii of oC love IOIe of at work exactitude neat nellt production on to t un m III wi dec e tend physiological l Ideas Ideal to develop develop t It H d H H HI h n i iI I r r t r r rr 4 t 1 T I T TT T T l T i y to zek I I I 4 t tT i I IT Ali H T w I k T t tI f T J Jf f I I il Fern r rr t t irr T t tt t r 4 J JP I T T P e I Y J T t i f j T T T T TH H I 1 H HH Hh HH H 1 II tl H 11 H HI 1 HH tt I I hI hII l I MANUAL t TRAINING AT AI TIm THE Fl SCHOOL th the broaden the Ideas Idena and fura fur tur the ther as ae a means of ot developing tho men tal Ul and physical OI rs J ulvo a 1 of or some gome of or tho It lurea of ot falte Its history which were do 10 livered in hI Kans Sweden and Ce O man Y ThIa r t in la not Hot of ot modern mode n Intro u lon in the school s curriculum For For pest past l tt It t has been a I part of ot tutu tho th d of or n The Tho cd ed ur c tors of or the tho last two or three c I lie II i have advocated anti Wt Put ut In practice the manual work for tOI this tho Harmonious development 0 of oC tho the moral amoral meta and an a P physical h al powers r p over 5 of oe child nn The ho subject which wo rail call manual I was war wa in a a II manner taught In wi the his The Tho during early history paid hI great flent lon to 11 development 8 lr lily rth 1 the Ih downfall of fit Hume Home tt received consider abI a buther in dl I I uld all My It Intention la no 0 have r the boys go to Id Idol ol for tor an hour or two IlIn n day do and a h thin the real of their time tit at heme S and aM learn leru some ole handicraft es ns ii r 1 wily that for tor which h they thoy rite aio t M 10 that both boh may my together 1 while lII ll 11 they the urn yoU h II g 31 1 11 Ice In leg of Ih the n alone alom the In tn Hili Sillies v no ono on was wan received an fUI n It who 11 ho bad limi 1111 1 not ponce by which li h he could earn corn his hula living t JOhann Am Amui m Com oni nuns ir 92 17 father or of modern n education nays soya nH Wye M MIn hll hats ll t 1 training In th l Ihl 1 C furm of ot hand work Wk If nd d only 11 to 10 rho lit t K pa end lid l thereby I a n nt not II he Ml left In sro ero gross ifor lit W K lis as to w what l to human It II Hot h IIA It lt will wl make k mu much h C paIt Basler to I Inter in hI fiat ot of f ton th the Mt natural I 1 eec t John Jahn M one OM MX says I 1 have hl morn thill thing In 10 add M w wn as I mem in If It II I as n I J shall hal rl run the Iho danger Fm am 1111 HI to have forgot hal about lint what l 1 le I O n s edue nl nil toad o r II a kh calling with lent a Wholly I i yet yel l 1 cannot forbear tl fl say the tho child tarn n nfl n y two 1110 or lt but bUL r m 1 The buxY I of t n bring nl ears ai to In hr hI 1 to that thAI b br r i p P rl to them hem rho nivan I a out reed CoOl lInt lint they are set ht 11 of two tl E Y Ihu shill that le Is Rot got the h th 2 lt without i or halt Is tI 0 01 I ii to In n It In some Homo things hUat 11 l tn ht be Rot got by b children of t their Ir lay tin r youn Yoting Ul that t omo some part pint 1 to in be n allotted o ted to their In hl them though II those t It t Ir M nothing lit all ns nod nM M ni nn all ii 4 ke It for tin h sedentary Murt the tho mind Litt art if ot of mina a 11 l 2 n h up ul n 1 great time lade front from hII hIhI Ih I t hIt 1 1111 1 l ll 5 l t e er r 1 g l 1 1 ii i 1 i Y i t s t rr I I v t 1 f 1 p 71 t r In J I l r n nl jl 1 II l t hi 11 11 ti I f I t I 1 d H I 1 t I I L l I 1 1 lI 1 III I I 1 Ihl I HI tI hh DON their cradles Other manual arts which 1110 both got and nud exercised by b labor do domany domany many of ot them by b that exercise not only Increase our dexterity and skill but contribute to our health too es ee especially such as nil employ us tie In III the open air all In these thene then health and im improvement movement provement may mo bo be Joined together August Herman l tho the lender leader of ot tho the physical movement In teaching nays nay Ono One sees Dees besides bealles In children that they of or their own accord are lire always olna busy bIlA at nt building and work worle workIng workIng Ing anti and this may bo be very easily turned to some somo useful end by a 1 leacher That IH I I ht II hit t ht H 1 tc tho the children should not work lork for tor tho the making of ot HB us many mony objects as possible but that they thoy should 1 work for Cor their own development Jean Jacques I Ido Ido do not lIot stop to tl t n prove nt fit any all length the tho usefulness of of ot manual work and tho the exercise of ot the tho body bOlly In re tiling tho the spirit and tho the general health If H Instead of oC chaining a n child to liln books I occupy him In a n work shop his bin hands Mande labor lubor to tho the Profit of ot Urn the spirit he ho become a 1 philosopher though ho he thinks ho Is ts only n workman Now of at nil 1111 occupations which servo to fur fare furnish nish to 10 too man It that which brings e him Idol bark bork to nature again most mORt closely close lt in thin work worle of ot the hands Ho He must work like a I peasant old think like Ilko u it 1 philosopher unless unions ho Is la to be he as ns wimbles as nB a 1 savage Ravage Tho The groU groat ne H net eret of ot e Is la to mako mullo tho the exer vices of ot tho the body serve sero each ench to relieve tin thA other Johann Bernard do says saga A 1 boy bo ought to learn the tho use URO to a Il pertain certain extent of ot tho tools tool II of IC the Joiner the carpenter tho the I turner tho the tailor the tho old and the tho gardener which are tiro HO so needed In iii Inthe the tho household In bt a n 1 small way Ill Tho Thu higher classes since they have hOle unfortunately unfortunately been turned In III no hand hallil industry In In ht their youth find themselves In ill rl riper mr years with no resources except reading reading II old and writing Christian 1741 mu I 1811 ISIt In hi n hit bin hook honk slates In III Selmar the pupils were lIero Instructed in various kinds of manual work lork such BH nH working In lu paper carpentry basket t making and tinning by hy especially rained teachers In each subject not artisans and he ho hind had also set up In All nil the tho rooms whore where tho the pupils Kuth lith ered erell together carpenters benches with tho the tools so 10 o us all to cultivate In them A n taste tar for exercises of or this kind so useful for tho the education Of uC both soul anal so II and 1 body horl b mid Joachim Campe Ca ipe In his bin work lorle states 1 I for far my Ill part urt cannot rennet deny that otery Iery child be br tho standing or sax rex f what It may ought aught tobe to tobo bo be kept regularly and from nn 1111 curly ago age at lit 11 t mechanical I r and corporal corp work wort provided only that In Ut tho th o c 11 n 1 cn nf ot It regard re bo hu paid on Oil the tho ont non hand to tho the future lot hot mind on the other outer to vex et mid and that one child must III I lit be I morel and another allot her occupied In tn manner The Tho he usefulness of this thin h It indeed too groat great and manifold for tor or mo me to 10 wish any ally child to t be deprived of ot It ItI Ferdinand I i n a and reformer of or the schools of that country established hell manual training raining In Ul over OO schools In ill Bohemia I O n founded In 1781 n u school Chool tor for manual annul work worle nt at old tram from this school manual training trashing spread to other parts of or Cleor e published n 1 remarkable book boot In 1794 mt Tho The government decreed that every over school tens ns to provide Itself t with h h a e 1 copy of It So Bo that we wo see nee manual training work approved by b governments ft h 1 century ago IKO Tho The author the tho ordinary or ordinary school lI hool teaching In Ing to tl bo be 10 useless selesS without hoot manual work work and that tho the childs s six nix or eight years v of life a to nil all purposes He lie e fur further further ther advocated nd tell that tho the leI lea BY ltd SEVENTH AND Mil C sons Ilona should not occupy more than two 1 or three hours liours of ot the day dllY and he lie en cn endeavored endeavored to provo plow that three thren hours tours I were more valuable six The rhe work worle I to is titan also Interesting because It contained notices of schools where manual work worle was wall carried on all Johan Pes ta ot said mild l It was WAft his hili opinion that those gaps gape which were loft left by h tho the and contracted training In work skilled and 1101 unskilled which was wan received ed In the home was as aB tho the special province of ot school education to fill nil up Hence as nil early as nil the tho third i II H H I I HH year ear ho ha had 1101 out nut all benches lathes tools grindstones mid and work wurl worktables tables sent Bent by thu to Bonnal for tor the tho benefit of ot the tho schools and ald which had hod been hitherto lying nt at tho the parson parsonage parson age and thus thull ho lw was tens ablo uNo to provide lo I t practise In tn flip roost most essential forms of oC t t skill sill II It II t became moro more and more clear to him every tiny day that the physical activity of at our Ill reI l II tho the true trul holy hul and eternal method of ct binding together all nil our var tur various ur lous ious powers Into lato ono supreme power 1001 the th pulver of ot perfect manhood J It II O 1 In hit his Important work worl I lays Ins B down nal rules rule 1 ln That the tho wrack ork should dl correspond with the forces fOrleR of ot the thu child 2 That tho the work should not bo be un unhealthful healthful 3 That t the Ihl work should not lint he be exe executed cured In ill a sluing sitting posture but by move moe montH Intents when et 4 That the tho work wort should bo ho not mere merely Iy ly n a foundation tor for artisans work urk but for tor general education 5 That the material used should bi hp bias hens I ns as various In III character anti and furnish an as great grent variety In la tho rho forms torms of ot objects us liS possible i 6 Great stress should bo ho It laid 1111 1 on ho the tho i relations between work and tho rho implanting im planting of or 1 7 The Tho sense S I of ot forte form and beauty u t should bo be od he the tho ut use c of or carchi cardboard oarl wood 1101 metal flay piny bono bone or horn and am wax Froebel founder of the kindergarten kl system hurls of or com course we advanced nit nt strenuously ax nil the proposition that material malarial work should bo he used liMed a M as an ami III ordinary menus means of ot education on which h principle Indeed his hll system entirely depends To fo o quote In this thin connection would be therefore to 10 junto hn he ban hn or we WO shah iii find Ii lid as nil the lending leading thought his hili tenet That man mami only understands thoroughly Unit lint which ho he Is la able to produce Johann Friedrich 1776 In Ills excellent n work lOIle states HIAt H Irry very growing boy youth should learn to boodle the recognized n tools loola of ot the t he carpenter ns as well t n Il as d tho ti 1 m ruler and mill t compass 10 n I nse Mo dexterity would l often otten be I morn mom useful than ability In gymnastics rime Tho ono one helps the th spirit tho the r the Iho body bOlly Elementary J i should l taro have work workshops orl slops shops though 1110 th y could not bo ho technical schools And every oer mat man should learn to use tiro his hla hands bunds ilIa Tho Tin hand Molds hold the tho Pi place of or honor at nt tho the side chic of ot thin r of ot speech In raising man above tho the beasts A II rector and chancellor of oe the tho University of haute Halle Hallein in his hili work on education save sa And A lid at nt other times other handicrafts especial especially ly I mechanical ones tines afford entertain entertainment ment snout teach handiness amid exercise oX tho the body Carpentry Is acknowledged to tobo tobo tobe bo be tho the moat most suitable of ot all nil on an account of at the complexity of the tho work worle and tho the tools and because It does dOCK not put too great strap upon the thc strength of oC tho the young Turning also nho gives given I exercise e trains the sense and Imparts artistic taste Above all AI It Il In It II well hell that the thin young should booms become b t with tho the ordinary tools of oC a household of ot which moreover one has such constant mAD PUPILS need tor for example the ax the saw aall the tho gimlet hammer haunter etc err ro To keep krop lleso the 1 things anxiously out of ot childrens reach In Io the most certain way to r them to tg helplessness and In time of ot need to tomako tomake make mako them nom more liable to Injury John Ruskin in his book bock Time Tone anti and Tide Thle letter 21 writes It would bo be part of ot my scheme of physical ph education lion tion that every youth In the lilt state from the lure kings son downward should learn to do something finely ail thor hop thoroughly thoroughly with his hand hund HO so o as tie to let him know what touch meant and amid what stout craftsmanship meant and to in III inform inform form him him of at many things besides which no mat man can llIn learn but hut by b severely rate rotc discipline 1 In doing Let him learn to take tako a n straight shaving on ore a 1 plank or 01 draw a I lino curve cUre without altering or lay 10 n a brick level In Its III mortar and ho he has loathed learned a It multitude of ot other natters matters which no lips of ot man Irma could over ever or teach him Having quoted some of ot the great greot ado edu caters on manual work up 1111 to n a few tell years UfO MHO I shall now nosy produce onto homo statistics to show shahs the advancement made In this subject In sonar gome Kurop in countries and thin the th United Slates In lii Sweden Awed n In n 1878 there thoro were wera schools teaching teaching manual training mo ISSO I sal 1581 1881 1888 1688 1167 1592 IS 2 1621 1021 1891 t 1857 1887 After Cler this time It became general l In inthe tho the schools of Sweden Suedon represents tin the growth of ot training for thu tutu l countries It Is la now ns on much n it 1 part of ot tho the education education tion lion of or the l child as us are arc oth other other er or subjects In iii tho the school curriculum Lot let UK us u now turn to America anti ami pro 1110 produce duce deco Bomo statistics on the subject There welo a n tell few schools In lu which man manual manual ual training was wan taught 25 2 or 30 years ago Item From I these schools and European schools manual training has |
