Show THE PRESENT BALKAN CRI CRISIS SIS Copyright 1915 b by The ThO New York Tork Tribune To the neutral observer the tho poetic Justice of the Ule present Balk Balkan sIT n situation situation sit sit- Is unmistakable For genera genera- Europe has bas played with the Balkan states Th y have been heen the pawns to be bc moved hither and thither as it pleased Ion London lo 1 Petrograd Petro Petro- grad Berlin or Vienna Tho The ambitions ambi- ambi of the races that inhabit this blood soaked corner of or Europe their longings aspirations dreams have been ignored Condemned to live under the Turk to en endure lure endless agonies because the policies of great powers crossed in their territories not only have these states suddenly become masters of or their own o destinies desti lesU flies nies but all Europe is facing Armageddon Armageddon Arma Arma- geddon because of one of them and czars emperors and kings are arc bidding bid ding ling for the tho favors of or those that still remain neutral To get an Insight into the tho present tangle which is the Balkan crisis it Is necessary to re review lew hasUI hastily the themore themore themore more important events in the history his tory of Europe which concern the people of the southeast to note the tho conflicting claims and purposes of the great powers concerned and finally tho the even more antagonistic purposes purposes ses of the little states slates them them- selves I From 1903 to 1913 In Balkan history 1903 is a date df real importance because it marks I the Ule assassination of the king of Ser Ser- bia At the moment the world savin saw v in this crimo crime only an act of unspeakable un barbarity Tho unfortunate unfortunate nate Alexander became something of ofa a royal martyr in the eyes ees of oC the world which knew know next to nothing of the facts that lay south of the Danube Y Yet t the crime had two great con con- I sequences It was the tho beginning of or orthe the tho regeneration or of Serbia It was the end of Austrian domination in inthe inthe inthe I the little Slav state Alexander had been the tool of Vienna He had been but the creature creaturo that moved back and forth to meet the Bul Bulgarian arian pawn similarly operated by hy Russia With VUlt the return ot of a to the Serbian throne the Slav state changed sides and became a soldier of the czar Henceforth Austria had to to- face tace a atoe atoe toe foe on the south Tho The immediate consequence was a along along along long series of tr trade de wars the famous pig wars of other years cars so named because Austria closed her frontiers to Serbian pigs and well nigh ruined the little agricultural state which derived its chief Income from Its pork products While tills this petty pett quarreling was was going forward the he Young Turkish revolution broke brolie out Turkey the tho ally of bf Vienna and nd Berlin the master mastor mas mas- ter tor of Macedonia was suddenly torn tornbY tornby by an internal revolution re which sent Abdul Hamid into exile and prison destroyed the Turkish army left Turkey weak and helpless But In its conception the Young Turkish idea aimed at restoring Turkish power While this tIlls idea still seemed realizable Austria hawing having occupied Bosnia since the congress of ot Berlin and now fearing fearins tho revitalized TurkIsh Turk Turk- ish nation would seek seck to reclaim it solemnly annexed Bosnia thus tearIng tear- tear lug Ing ng up the great Berlin document he Annexation of Bosnia But the annexation of Bosnia destroyed de do- troyed all the hopes of ot that greater Serbia which all Serbs had cherished for tor or centuries It placed definitely under Hapsburg rule the two million Serbs erbs living liyIng east of or the Adriatic and west of the Serbian kingdom Russia France and Great Britain protested this tIlis act There was a moment mo mo- ment In 1908 when it seemed likely that Armageddon would come but Germany appeared in fn shining ar ar- ar- ar mor morto rattled the saber and the triple entente gave save up their protest A Aus s- s trian success In the Balkans seemed assured the assured the eventual advance of ot Austria through Serbia to Salonica appeared Inevitable But two powers now entered definitely into an an Austrian anti cam cam- Italy seeking a balance for Austrian gains promptly picked her quarrel with Turkey over oyer Tripoli and went to war Russia defeated In t th the field began to construct that Balkan confederacy which was was was' to precipitate the Balkan wars Italian attack upon Turkey still in tho the throes of ot a reorganization disclosed disclosed dis dis- dis- dis closed the weakness of or the tho No sooner had th the peace of ot Lausanne ended the war than Rus Rus- sian slam diplomacy achieved the weldIng weldIng welding weld- weld Ing together of the three Slav states of thet thel south south Serbia Serbia Bulgaria and Montenegro and and the first Balkan war followed Greece was not a party to this alliance but perceiving th the propitious hour sent the Greek army against the tho Turk Austria G Germany the whole statesmanship of ot tho the central powers looked uneasily out the upon opening openIng open open- Ing conflict but were too satisfied In in the tho strength of af t the German trained Turkish army to interfere Their mistake was waR patent to the Ule world when Lule Burgas Bursas and Salonica had brought swift destruction de de- de to tho the Austria Intervenes When In 1912 tho conquerors of the Turk went to London to make terms of ot peace it was promptly disclosed that Bulgaria Serbia and Montenegro Montene Montene- gro had gono gone to war Wal with a definite te bargain The Serb were to have hare northern Albania to the tho river and mid a 3 thin paring of ot Macedonia marked by a line from the tho Serbo- Serbo Bulgarian frontier to Lake The Tho rest of or Macedonia was left lett to Bulgaria Even a part of ot the tho Serbian prospective p profit about was made conditional on the decision of ot the czar As for Greece she sho had not made any antebellum agreement arid and her claim rested only on conquest Austrian diplomacy now seized upon the rivalries of ot the tho Balkan states to destroy this Balkan confederacy confederacy cracy which Russia had constructed First of or all aU Vienna declared that Al Albania Albania Al- Al bania could not Io ho annexed by bv S Serbia and und Greece but must be made a separate separate sep sep- arate state This This' deprived ed Serbia of most of ot her prospective Rain gain aln under tinder her treaty with Bulgaria Russia protested but Germany German again signi Oed lied her readiness to go o to war to support Austrian claims and neither France nor Great Britain was willing will will- j In ing to back R Russia in a general con con- j met filet over a few square miles of ot Al Albanian Al- Al banian haitian wilderness Serbia was thus compelled t to give gl I over Albania the tho Montenegrins to abandon rt But Serbia had conquered all of ot that portion of Macedonia ascribed to Bulgaria in the tho preliminary treaty and now de tie- mantled that as compensation for her s in Albania she receive her conquests Greece too having 1 beaten Bulgaria to Salonica b by a a. I short lead claimed this great city the jeal real prize of ot the Balkans aside from froni Constantinople Tho The result wa wasas was wasas as Austria had expected The Balkan league fell fetI apart Serbia and Greece joined hands against Bulgaria and the tile second Balkan war resulted The Second Balkan War This war was wa precipitated by BulgarIa Bulgaria Bul Bul- garia confident of victory and driven forward by Austrian urgings In vain the czar sought Bought by personal dispatches dispatches dispatches dis dis- dis- dis patches addressed to Bulgarian minIsters min ruin 11 and to the Bulgarian czar himself himself him him- BC self to prevent the strife For an answer answer answer an- an the Bulgarian armies In Macedonia Mace Mace- donia suddenly treacherously at attacked attacked at- at tacked their Greek and Serbian allies without a declaration I of or war But once more moie Austrian calculations went astr astray The Tho attack failed The Greek and Serbian armies were victorious vic vie and the Bulgarian forces were driven out of ot Macedonia Meanwhile a new factor demanded attention Rumania with a n Hohen- Hohen zollern king had always been reckoned reck reele- an German Austro-German ally B By taking in the Russo- Russo Turkish war and thus despoiling an anally anally anally t ally Russia had made a permanent enem enemy of Rumania But Rumania saw in the new and greater reater Bulgaria la a dangerous rival Bulgarians were already ahead declaring that they would tal take fr from m Rumania Rumania- the province gained in tho the Turk Russo-Turk- ish war and the solo Rumanian wIndow window window win wIn- l dow on the sea To Rumanian de demands demands demands de- de f mands for Cor tho cession by Bulgaria of l the fortress of ot the real key to Rumania's coast province pro Austria Austrin busy flattering Bulgaria turned a deaf car ear But Russia Hussla now thoroughly en enraged enraged enraged en- en raged at Bul Bulgaria's arlas arla's course gave full futI consent to Rumania to attack Bulgaria Bulgaria Bul Bul- garia and at tho the moment when the Greek and Serbian Set armies were winnins win win- fling in Macedonia a Rumanian army anny crosse crossed l tho the Danube and entered Bulgaria Bulgaria Bul Bul- garia Finally FInall a Tu Turkish kish ann army came back to Surrounded Surround Surround- ed by enemies her armies beaten her i resources exhausted Bulgaria gave e up the light The Treaty of Bucharest The results of t the second Balkan war were era embodied In the tho treaty of ot IJ Bucharest Serbia received all of ot Macedonia west of or the Greece not only Salonica but Kavala Seres and Drama R Rumania rook ook the whole tn region between the Danube and the Black sea with some Bome of ot the rl richest hest of ot Bulgarian lands landi Turkey took back all alt bUt a atin tin tiny fraction traction of Thrace Att After r. r her liel great eat efforts Bulgaria acquired nothing nothing noth noth- ing lug but a 0 little strip of territory fronting frontin the Aegean but Inaccessible by reason of ot mountains Ot Of Of what she had hoped to gain she had lost all atI but a few hundred thousands of ot people 1 Serbia Serbin and Greece Grecco had each acquired Required above square miles of ot territory and p people ople Bulgaria Bulgaria Bul But garia garla had gained less than half a a. million Not less than a n million But Bui- gars had b been cen cn lost to Greece and Serbia and the whole dr dream m of ot Bulgarian Bulgarian Bulgarian Bul Bul- garian statesmen and people for tor a generation had been destroyed From the second Balkan war then Bulgaria retired sullen resentful re re- re vengeful All seemed d lost but there was no surrender of ot Bulgarian purpose pur pur- pose Meantime Russia had scored another great victory and Austrian diplomacy was bankrupt A new strong Serbia was looking across the Danube Into Bosnia and Croatia Serbian Pan-Serbian dreams had bad assumed as perilous proportions as those of the tho Italian patriots half halt a Do century before Serbia Serbin already felt herself hensel a Do second Sardinia and backed by Russia millions dreamed of ot redeeming tho the to the of southern Slays Slavs from Trieste Drav Dray and from Laibach to Belgrade realization of the tho meanIng meaning meanor mean- mean It was won the which p precipitated pre c- c Ing of or tho the Serbian dream II the great grent war Austrian twice defeated by Russian Russian Russian Rus Rus- I sian diplomacy having y twice seen lIeen Russian Influence in influence In- In Increased b by Balkan wars fluence ue ce took tho the Serbian menace recognizing of the tho murder of ot the archduke advantage to strike at Serbia and give Russia the tho choice between abandonIng abandonIng abandon- abandon Ing lug her little tittle Slav SlaY and riskIng riskIng risk risk- Armageddon Russia's answer Ing colossal was as the first step In tho the drama now going In forward When the Great War Began war last The Tho outbreak of ot the tho great August f found und the thc Balkans In this sit sit- Serbia was already engaged Greece and Rumania were bound to to preserve the Serbia by ly treaty both were tre treaty t of Bucharest but ruled by friends of ot Germany GermaU Char Charles of Rumania was a a. Constantino's Constantine's wife wIfe was tho sister of the kaiser The courts of ot both states were strongly pro The people peo pee e pie on the contrary were strongly Inclined to tho the allies But Greece was was was' unable to go to the aid of Serbia because there was a steady stead prospect that Serbian defeat at i would lead Bulgaria to seek seck to re reclaim reclaim reclaim re- re claim not alone the portion of Macedonia Macedonia Macedonia Mace Mace- donia held by Serbia but that oc occupied occupied occupied oc- oc by Gr Greece ece including both Ka Kavala and Salonica Greece Grecco was then Immobilize by Bulgarian menace and b by tho court sympathies with Germany Rumania quite In the tho same t fashion was held by the fear that It if she sho attacked Austria and were de defeated do- do tented Bulgaria would take taka her re revenge xe- xe But the Rumanian situation was still more complex In Austria the province of Bukovina just across the Rumanian frontier is populated by Slays Slavs and Rumanians In Hungary the of ot the people of ot Transylvania Transylvania Tran Tran- sylvania are Rumanians and those of the tho Banata of are Serb and Rumanian Finally the mass maas of ot tho the people of ot the Russian province of B r bla die are Rumanian R and n before the Turkish Russo-Turkish war much of had belonged belonge to Rumania Rumania therefore began to make alrice aprIce a aprice price for tor her servi es She would fight with the m Germans if Austria would give lve her Transylvania and Bukovina She he would tight fight with Russia Russia Bussin Rus Bus sia sin If It Russia would give her Bessa Bessa- rabia and promise her Bukovina Buko and both Transylvania and the tho Banat of ar after atter the Teutonic alliance had been defeated ted A Austria promptly prompt r rejected these terms they meant the instant rebell rebellion rebellion rebel rebel- l lion on of Hungary Russia was not less prompt she would not give nor pOI the Slav half halt of ot Bukovina For or Serbia she claimed the portion of ot lying opposite Belgrade and peopled b by Serbs Here was a a. deadlock deadlockS Meantime Bulgaria insisted that she would not refrain retrain from attacking Rumania unless Ru Ru- I mania gave Jave over her er fl o of the peace of ot Bucharest Including Sills Sills- Itria tria I Meantime tho the Italian pro problem bl em I raised new difficulties Italy claimed I Dalmatia and ond l Istria tria but bul tho the mass of the p people ople of ot these Austrian provinces provI provInces provI I I inces apart from a a. few coast towns toYn I are arc Sla Slavs VB Croats Croat Serbs and Slovenes I Serbia w was wS s willing to give gack MaccI Macedonia Mace lace I donia donla t to Bulgaria If it she were assured I II I her race brothers along the Adriatic I II I and in addition that northern Albania I II I of ot which h Austria had deprived her I But Italy insisted that she should I II I have havo Dalmatia as far south as the I II I Narenta river and demanded that thoI tho the I kingdom of at Albania should be maintained main main- mainI I intact This left Serbia with a a. al much reduced future and with no nol nolI I readiness to surrender Macedonia donla to toI I Bulgaria I Venizelos Tries and Fails I Despairing of ot any help from Rui Rumania Rumania Ru Ru- i mania or Bulgaria tho the allies alUes turned I Ito I to Greece Ready pow now to launch their I attack by fleet upon the Dardanelles I they wanted the tho Greek army to makeI make I the landward attack the |