Show tl REFORMING THE HE CHINESE COURTS THE GUILDS OF CHINA ARE A GREAT AID TO JUSTICE By ily Hin Him Wong lit ki Special Correspondent I k C. C CANTON China That great at l historic rt e m of or the past and the newest and PS lau republic on earth today today Clime China 4 has been and Is 18 still beta being ilaU dally daily humUl- humUl 1 by the demands or of the time naL nations na- na L lions In tn repeated of or her hel sovereignty b by forceful Interference with c her mer court courts revenues re commerce and amid re rc- rc L i. unions To fo tH humiliation arid and to brIng brine tin the gradual ual a abolition of or Ci e ton tonality of foreign power In China the lung the bl big bis broth brother r of or all nil provinces pro In the time republic republic baa has led tho the way Tho commissioner rom corn missioner of ot forel foreign n affair at Canton Callton lisa has arranged with ith the n consuls to toT toh h have T all sU comm commercial disputes t between cn a and a foreigner inferred to tho time courts Ourt the decisions of or which Will be acce accepted as final all such uch cases CUU amicably by hy time the agreement of a rore gm of at the Chinese government and that of ot which the time foreigner concerned 1 In Is a R. subject t or citizen Of Ot course new arrange arrange- m meat ment nt has bos been voluntarily made b by the government representatives concerned and It will be continued only i so o long lonh RB as tile the experiments prove satisfactory Bud and the Chinese courts ta show how their ability to confidence In Iii criminal case cases hOt however the time for tor- eign n consuls still till hold courts and no person other than a Chinese citizen en can bo ho tried and end convicted by a a. Chinese Judge It la It not likely tho the foreigners will submit to Chinese authority until the laws law f a tho the pel Ico administration tho the prison j rl on system an and UIO tho courts havo have b been cn thoroughly hh reformed mcd and tested Tho The present to promote Justice aro are nil all modern In III forum form orm but It Il will till take time limo to sec ace whether or not the Chinese Chines have havo sufficient 1 men muon of ot integrity and Ud ability to tho time courts COUlt respected and pow pow- erful The Chinese ChincH realize the tho demands that roust must be wet met before the request on time the nations to relinquish their extra extra- territorial rights In China can b bo bm granted and slid I they he are now working to show the timo world their de desire lre and ability to administer Justice e according to to tot well established and reco recognized laws law of ot civilized civil cl lands Canton thc the capital of at K and other open ports in tho south of ot China have havo now a a. very efficient police admin admin- Tn in roost moil the Japan Japanese lo police system fpm In is employed The Jails Jilis however are aro but a little better than those hose of of time tho past The proposed model Jail to bo be managed d under modern moor th thI I orles ones of or criminal treatment has not yet ct been con constructed and antI all reforms ma made mado do FO no o far on the lrI prisons ons con consist cJ chiefly of ot time tile proper feeding of ot Inmates abolish abolish- ing corporal punishment medical at- at for or the skit sick and anO moro more atten atten- lion Con paid to the tha rooms and ventilation within th the cello cella All 11 Jailers In and near students of or crim In Iii Japan and they thoy are aro expected to cr create atc a of or prison manage manage- mont ment heft best fitted d to th tho character and nature of the Chinese lc The rime cOurts courtl of l tung are now presided d over er mo mostly by graduates of or law at nt home nn and In Japan Tho The higher Judges s and ami law oft officials are law graduates 8 of American and European chief Justice of ot the tho supreme court of or Kw Iti Is a. a grad grad- unto of university aim antI and Columbia university In lii America an and the Ih chief prosecutor for the tha government has been trained In h England bland Tho United States of America I IK is ono one of ot tho the three thu-ce nations nation which h havo have pro prom prom- In- In China 10 o relinquish theli thelt extraterritorIal extraterritorial extra extra- territorial rights AS 9 soon goon au Kt China IB In ready to assume full tull sovereignty over o poisons persons within it Us Its Jurisdiction jum The rho treaty o of ot 1110 states The Tho government of or China having I expressed a strong desire to reform H ila Judicial system and amid to brine It lute Into accord ac ac- ac- ac cord with that of or western nations the United States Staten agrees to give e every as- as 81 to tl tills this s reform and will also be prepared d to relinquish h extraterritorial rights r when that the state of or Chinese so o laws time tho arrangement for tb their lr ad administration and other considerations warrants it In tn so doing doing- In Jn Can Canton ton the tho commissioner of affair arrul Dr P. P II lA IM La u. u law graduate of oC the t. t II or of Chicago IO Cub Chlof Justice Ng of or time tile supreme court COUlt an LA A. A 31 M. M I. I degree man of or Columbia or Hily and other persons now no trying to tf sat Hat liLy Iy the United States were weft all trained In America 4 and und m ho bo watched 1 by their theil many American friends with unusual in In in- terest Although Judicial courts S Independent of oC time the administrative c department ar are beginning he be he- ginning to be bo appreciated by bo the people nl many n chil d disputes are still settled by hy the tho Chinese among them themselves through h a arbitration under th time the auspices auspices of ot the tho commercial com coin- mercial and tra rude f guilds In the lie prosecution of ur- uran an any business en enterprise 11 In hi China ono cue cannot disrespect the tue power pO and amid scope of the time guilds u The rue guilds without exception a aro 11 organised organ orun- I cd and managed tJ Include among 1 th their lr of fr high order In In In- In t rib and amid intelligence are keen and alert to pi time the Interest of the members mem meni- bers bern and c exert crt a controlling o influence lu Jim tr trado HJo anil In ui government They mire are recognized Institution in lii all purls parts o of China These IIII promote protect mid en en- en courage tho tue business of or members erR A A. list of jf till the various l or o ions tlona covers Orl O rl all tho lie lra trade o enter enter- prices cs t lu In the republic In tim Shanghai for In TV will Ml be found a pl piece c goods gotS an aim opium null guild a silk bilk guild a iL bankers bankers' rs' rs guild guill and numerous others of or lesser lender Importance i in fn fact act no flu Chinese e to be lie M i o Ignorant or 0 u foO o poor poors q not to 10 h be lp wanted In rome romo UIg organization for the protection of tuf HH It There Is Ol ovi-n ovi f I fi Li be eais guild In lii Canton Cant th time r. enty Mho guilds guild u of nr all au guilds ha haa a 1 rj JW power i I gr I than hau tho present 1 1 assembly hat t government want lionI lion Ito I In Iii ii huh Is o money y find f no nu J person OIl cm imin any all It amount lilt but tim im i'm merchants mer ner chants hant through uGh their various Canton fit first came camu into thu III is hall hands 3 of IC the tile revolutionists rc t the hc new BOV I treasury treas trem ury hail riot not H a ii rut tho thourl ho vu url iI ois oils ous 1 a it l' l t number of or t U I In iii II I weh hm a and tho the new mien W Party all illi to 10 full huh con troi hol of the affairs of or this the province Tho transference cf c a a. business s from one hand hanl t to tn another formally takes phase In Inthe Inthe the time guild hall bali in the tho 0 of some somo members who Iio thereby bear beir witness to tolie Uie life lie tl transaction m Formal notice and actor act actor or of a n foreclosure oi-e oi arc all alt done through tho the guild A guild ma may also aiM disputes over mOho money matters rs between Its Ha members rs Tile I of app appeals al to arbitration baa haN prevented prevented pre pre- vented ins many mm COin commercial m dl disputes among amons time the Chine from coming Into courts Various other oilier rules governing tho the business busi busl- II ness S methods of ho rn members arc arcIn In force and b be met with under heavy penalty pen pen- alty o of fumes fined or or r expulsion The guilds give o free and full Ul d' cu llon to all alIma mai mailers lers era relating to the lie enterprises represented C in th them neglect or overlook no Interest l however small or t i nt The guilds guliJa are arc more Inore than one ml might ht III I. I the mime term tel The They h o great prestige In Chinese c life Ie Some oune yours curs ago ag agthe the viceroy of or a a. coast ORt attempted to levy an additional Import on gait Tho The guilds PIOt protested sl d and and when the viceroy refu cd cd to withdraw hi his hi decision not not- nota a anity catty UR s 1111 until he H hail had yielded Negotiable Ne No- papers i have been In use liSt In iii Chum China for nr r centuries centuries' mini I nr Ir tho th rt results of ot I the regulations of ot the bankers bankers' guild Laws of Insurance and amid those those- of or transportation trans trana- and rind the like hike have been bean provided J e-J for tor long bug ago ao by lW the underwriters' underwriters and tho the shippers shIppers' guilds guild It H Is said MId that If tha bushiest systems and bylaws of at all tho guilds could bo ho collected tM together thc they would form a logical consistent commercial commer cial chal codo code that never neer can be pro produced uc by 11 ordinary process of or legislation 1 Foreigners doing business ss In China seldom sol sel dom dorn como me In In touch with the Chinese J mer chants chant They imey usually employ a R. Chinese agent a called a Much money mone and time arc arc wasted under this method A St beginning hns hus lirt b been cn made to have foreigners for for- eigners an and Chinese having business with ono another de deal 1 directly and thus thun save cave savea K a middleman's squeeze Prom From a a. Shang- Shang Iu lUll l firm Cern the oth other r day dav a Circular letter was mailed to the American manufacturers ers era stating sta ting tIme the nd vantages of this method and in new now partnerships partnerships partner partner- ships are heln being formed het between cn Chinese and foreigners on omm equal terms It is be beginning to be lie realized that betor bettl bettor bet bet- tor tl or relationship in iii commerce will be procured pro- pro cured Jf Jt all racca within the republic will wili do 10 business 5 OH M equals and under Chinese Chinese- o lawa Ians nd If ii no party part will vill use USo the tho pow Ionel i of or n a strong government o to take advantage of ot tho time weak and lc less fortunate tr |