Show HYGIENE AND SANITATION Trac Traffic and Transportation 1 SANIT SANITARY ARY TRAVELING V I IMPORTANT I I Hygiene of f Traffic Named I as One of Eight Great I V Subjects v INTERSTATE COMMERCE V LAW GIVES SOME AID Feeding Tourists on the Trains Has Become a V Serious Issue r k- k V BY y FREDERIC J. J HASKIN With an ov ever growing number of peo peo- plc who must travel with more or less and with t the tho products of tho world circulating over our ar ar- I fence of traffic as tho the blood runs through the bc arteries of the body boily the I of the tho relation of ot travel and traffic to to the thc public health becomes re and more vital and the tho by hygienists now make it on one of the eight great rea sub sub- CC ti of f bYl hygienic en c investigation and al ap- ap During the sessions of the r congress ju just t. t closed sonic very vory t Remarkable contributions were made maJe to tot 1 the e t thought Upon it and aud it is cons cons- n predicted d that it will wiIl result in n an j in the tho tho Protection of the public U Pt traffic ra c and from transportation the thc iII illa that grow ow out of ot V I Interstate o Commerce Law V When framed tho the interstate c law Jt t did liil not entirely over over- over over- I the matter rand and in sonic ways was it Iti I C Continued on pa page c 2 k i 1 SANITARY TRAVELING r IMPORTANT Continued from pa page pago o 1 15 sou sought ht to guard 3rd tho the public pubU health hel as aswell I well weB as tho the public pocketbook For instance instance in stance it incorporated rules for the t transportation of explosives intended for those who operate the vehicles of at travel It has enacted numerous laws lawsto to protect the public from accident The Tho steamboat inspection laws the tho airbrake air air- brake law tho the law limiting the timo time I trainmen and others assisting in the theo o operation cration of trains may work all aU bear witness to the tho interest that congress has bas taken in the protection of the traveling trav tray cling eling public and its protection from a ac at- But it has done dono much less lees for the peoples people's pea peo peo- peo ples pies protection from fram disease It ml might ht havo have required tho railroads and steamboat steam stew boat companies to furnish individual drinking cups but it has has' bunot not done so 80 It lt mi might ht havo compelled them to use vacuum acu lm cleaners in cleaning th their ir cars b but t it has failed to do PO so It has frequently fre forbidden the transportation n of cattle exposed to Texas lever fe across certain quarantine lines but but- it has taken taken taken ta ta- ken no steps t to protect the tile human traveler trav trav- eler oler from the thc careless spitting victim of tuberculosis There i is no o law Taw which his has for its tR end the suppression of the germ erm carrying plush car ear seat which all aU hygienists admit ought to be bo banished to the limbo of unnecessary evils What con congress rc s has done is to b bo 00 commended according to the tho sanitarians but a whole of w wholesome laws might be written upon tho the lIin single Je question of traffic and in its relation to p public health Wholesome Wai Water r Needed If congress might do more for the public health protection by railroads and arid steamboats the tho majority of the tho states arc in tho same situation It is true that some csome of the states have abolished abol the tho common drinking cup by law but even oven these do not go o further to BOA ace that wholesome water is ill always fur fur- An Any ono one who has baa traveled much and has had his eyes oyes open while water coolers are arc filled fined with water andice and andice andice ice must feel fecI that sometimes he might rinse off a a glass but that separating the tho germs from the water represents an impossible task This does docs not apply appl with such force to tho the way the wor work of r the supply of drinking water is done in bi big terminals as it does elsewhere But even there to see the ice hauled in all kinds kinde of ot trucks handled han ban dIed by men who know nothing of tho the I principles of and put unwashed unwashed un un- washed into the tho coolers is IS not a ver very pleasant sight to him who has to drin drink the water One often when sees traveling trav tray cling eling where Pullmans are aro not found a trainman grab ab up an old watering can that has bas not been washed out for foi good good- nose ness knows h how w lon long get ct it full fuU atter of at water Irater ter from a a. hydrant your your it into a cooler that is slimy from tram going Joing unwashed un in washed shed and then add adl R R. chunk of leo ice that it dirty and grimy from contact with ith the si sidewalk with never an attempt attempt at at- tempt at cleanliness Th The hy hygiene ene Mn congress ess heard beard a a. number of speaKers speaker on the tho part tho the city street streetcar car plays plays' in the tho prevention of ot health It was as as declared by some BODJO of the speakers rs that the tho abatement of unnecessary noise is absolutely essential to nerve h hygiene lt and that tho fiat flat wheel tho the badly adjusted adjusted ad ad- brake and tho the improper control of motors is Ie responsible for more cases cas S of nervous prostration than tho the public would believe It Jt- was also declared that the part played by the poorly ventilated von ven U street car in in tho the h health l of a city is ill far greater than is is ordinarily th thought u ht It is conceded by all an sanitarians sani that tuberculosis may maybe be transmitted trans through h bad air I In 14 samples sam sam- pIes ples of dust collected where people had bad been more moro than a third contained contained con con- tamed tuberculosis germs Out Ont of for for- eight tv-eight ht guinea pi pigs s with n air nir r borno borne dust from sputum six forty-six took the tho di disease case Not only are the germs erms of a 21 number of diseases disease to be found in badly ventilated street streetcars streetcars cars carf but the tho bad air increases the tho susceptibility sue sus of those who have havo to inhale it It was proposed by one speaker k cr at atthe atthe the hy hygiene ieno congress that every common com cont- mon carrier should have a 3 sanitary de department do- do and that it should hould take active stops steps t pS to i insure ro clean cars good r od ventilation pure water and the like The Pullman c company already has such fluch a department and aud has haR been engaged en on- in a 3 long study of car tion Those ThoM who havo have to sleep on the road roada a great deal are arc ready to believe belie that much more mor reD remains remains ains to be bo done dono by bc the depar department mont of sanitation s of ofte the te sleeping car company than has yet be been n accomplished accomplished- Feeding the tho Travelers Secretary Crombine of the Kansas board of health told the congress something ab about ut the sanitary problems involved cd in 10 din fec-din feeding the traveling tra pub pub- lic lie To more than two-thirds two of ot- the people who travel th the dining car is absolutely unknown The Tho high prices there and n l tho tipping nuisance keep keen them out so 60 that the tho problem with them i is one of going ing without anything to cat carrying it along or taking a chance on a 8 wa way station lunch counter coun ter tar or sandwich men The Penney l Tania yania railroad in order to popularize its ita service ice is expecting to establish some somo lunch cars here the tho people who vho have to count their dimes can get et soD something t to eat While the character character charac ter of the railroad feeding business is such that tho the b best st cooks in the world worM are not t to bo boo secured there the tho ton ten dency dancy among all roads rands which operate th their lr own diners diner and with tho the Pullman Pull pun Pullman man company as well eU is to require a highe of cleanliness cleanliness in the handling and preparation of tho the food of the dining car patron Ono of tho the ways through h which which in in- diseases aro are spread is is through an improperly guarded lake and river traffic It has hILS Been demonstrated that tho the steamboats which ply on man many small bodies of water and on many rivers disperse enough infection to cause many epidemics s. s For instance many cities Bordering on tho the great lakes have had epidemics of typhoid fever that could not be traced until attention was waB turned to the water supply coming from the lakes Then it was found that the tho lake lako water W was 5 polluted with th typhoid germs and it was later shown that the wastes from irom steamboat traffic in the vicinity of water intakes were tho the s secret cret of tho trouble Tho The same has bas been found o na true in tho the case calle of water supplies com coming omin om- om in iii ing from row navi navigable ablo rivers and many ical exports experts ha have vo given si much attention to tho the prevention e of tho the spread of d diseases in this wa way The ocean going oin steamship as a purveyor pur put V or of or infectious diseases line has lon long been one of the tho most serious problems of transportation in its rol relation tion to health Aboard ocean ocen steamships bubonic bubonic bu bu- bu bonic plague has ridden all around the tho world and has knocked at the gates of ofa a thousand ports where but for those vessels it would never have havo como come Does Dou cholera break out in Italy it rides tover over tho the world on the win wings s of maritime commerce and lands in every port where quarantine restrictions ar are ar lax lar Fortunately there is one where the tho American people are careful care care- ful about diseases We may bo be indict in in- dict d for allowing consumptives to toO togo togo go O about at nt will careless of at the tho spread of w wasting stin death we may bo be censured for permitting a death rato rate from front intestinal disorders rs rs that tb tho more advanced countries of Europe would bIu blush h to own wn but we aro are care ful jul that our diseases shall como come from native rather than from alien sources No country in the world has a better quarantine service than the United States Statu and thanks thank's to the splendid of- of of the public health service n up people are re freer from invading diseases dis eases than thau the American people Quarantine Problems Problem The problems of ot quarantine grow lose less serious as as- the causes of diseases come to be bo better bettor understood Yellow fever once oice completely the quarantine guard They noth noth- In ing of the work played by tho the mosquito mos moe- quito in in causing the disease and it flourished aboard an infected ship month after month with no ono one to suspect it Since Sinco the tho mystery of yel yel- yel low fever fewer has been beon mastered quarantine tine tipe a against t aint it it is very cry cn easy Likewise Likewise Like Like- wise wise before it was nas known that the tho rat carr carried cd the flea that carried the germ that caused enticed the tho disease that is is called bubonic plague ue tho the ship Tat rat traveled around tho the world trading I fleas with wharf rats and they in turn carrying them thorn to human bei beings f st Since ce it has como come to bo known tb that t no rats no fleas and no fleas no plague the tile ti fight hl is i infinitely simplified Tomorrow HYGIENE AND SANITATION XV In In Army Array and Navy |