| Show 0 J. J w e r. r r I i f WERE AD CHINESE E i il p- p a NEANDERTHAL s I 5 a E R I A AT R s s i so W pAR S A T L c N k T r I r c R A C F I l C if y L lNE of k G R q 4 4 SPA N E ING o J JC 40 0 o C tAN FAN A N ET r J P O. O C E A H H- V S C t jj 4 rR M Map Map diagram diagram showing the spots where remains of various t s Garden G ar d en o 0 of f Ed Eden ell M May ay i prehistoric cradle cradIc men hare have been found According to io Dr Black Slack x y the of the human race was in Central Asia and theline the theline line of migration both cast and nd west was along the forty forty- Have Been e Somewhere fa fifth parallel v t sn s d According to o scientists on the subject in in Z Central I A Asia sZ a q w there is little little doubt that man belongs es essentially cs- cs S' S to the Quaternary period of of- the earths earth's l history story and because of that thai tins this a Y WI Where zere S Scientists t t S period Undoubtedly has been his named earliest the history ry falls fan R f within the preceding Tertiary or Cenozoic rr era But tl this s is purely Inferential since C Claim to Have Found ave A y no actual human remains have b been een found in undoubted Tertiary strata The Neanderthal man whose remains oY a Bonzes Bones o of f Ancient Men Mell sY s a. a w were re dug up In fir 1856 and which cau caused ed a a. astir a s x rs stir in scientific circles throughout E Eu Europe Ep- Ep rope lived In the early part of the Mido Middle e W Who Ilo Lived There Half Halfa Quaternary or period that jJ period which has been designated as the theu u t 5 r Pleistocene and which was characterized a M Million Z II- II r by the widespread invasion of Northern t Euro Europe a and North America by continental a glaciers and which is familiarly known as u uV V the period Years ear A Ago s go o In China and other parts of Eastern A bust of the man fashioned according to anthropologists anthropologists' ideas of or this early member of or the human race whose remains were verc found round in England i By Sheba Tokio FURTHER proof that Adam and Eve were Chinese and that the mythical Garden of Eden is to be found somewhere in Central Asia has just been a ad ad- to the scientists of China This astonishing theory is based on important discoveries discoveries discoveries dis dis- dis- dis recently made in China the details of which h have yc just been brought to the attention of the world at large These discoveries were ma made e in the hills southwest of Peking the former capital of China toward the end of 1928 but the results were not announced until this year ear when the Geological Society of China called a special meeting in me discoveries concern the the Peking man scientifically known as the Sinan Sinan- In many respects the recent finds are are the most significant discovery of human remains thus far made accordIng according according accord- accord Ing to leading authorities on the subject including such men as Roy Chapman Andrews leader of numerous expeditions sent ent by the New York Museum of Natural Natural Natural Nat Nat- ural History into the Gobi Desert According to details of the discoveries received from explorers of the China Survey led by Dr Davidson Black of the Peking Union Medical College an Institution founded by the Rockefeller Foundation unearthed the Jaws with many teeth still in place and the remains of the skull as well vell of several ancient men who very likely lived years ago In the pre-Neolithic pre days The finds prove that this human type like the PlIt- PlIt down man had a a. highly developed cranium cranium cranium cra cra- but a a. primitive apelike jaw In which the teeth however had assumed an es essentially es- es human character The canines were reduced as In modern modem man Instead of prominent as In apes DR BLACK who led the expedition gave an account of the new discoverIes discoveries eries cries for the first time at a recent meetIng meeting meet- meet meeting Ing of the Geological Society of China In tl this s discussion not only the nature of the Peking man but its relation to other types of ancient humans was con- con Finally the important all problem problem problem lem of the place of origin of this primitive primitive primitive primi primi- tive human was attacked Dr Black pointed out that there was wasa a remarkable geographical relationship between the two finds at the opposite ends of the Continent one that of the Peking man and the Oth other r that of the or dawn man of Great Britain whose remains were found In the village of Sussex in England In 1912 The man was found in about 50 degrees north l latitude and the Peking man in 40 degrees north latitude Now according to Dr Black it has been definitely ascertained that the p persistent route of migration first of animals and later o of man since Tertiary Mid time has been approximately along latitude 45 degrees and it seemed evident that these two extremes represented migrations migrations migra migra- In opposite directions from a cornmon common common com com- mon center of origin But where was this center Where In other words lay the mythical Garden of Eden Where was the cradle of the human race Critical consideration of all the known geological geographical and biological facts point to Central Asia in Dr Blacks Black's opinion and this noted scientists scientist's theory Is 15 backed by no less an authority on the subject than Dr Roy Chapman Andrews Dr Andrews passed through Tokio en route to Cl China na early this spring and so 50 convinced is he that the birthplace ol ot mankind is to be found somewhere In to Mongolia that his expedition which will start Inland from some time tim late this spring will go In search not as on previous occasions of the fossilized re remains remains remains re- re mains of prehistoric animals but for forthe forthe forthe the remains of the dawn man C END AN AHO PL 4 tg r t FI SEO SE Sa k J l C O au aut J t 4 T t 1 4 E t O 0 1 g j v n w y w i r v f o k 4 I xU r rk YI i Oy 41 9 RE i or N. N k ib rV P i S F Y o k r. r r 3 O S 'S t 1 M YM 1 T TYM 0 R fr g A 1 It R 2 tI M r. r s s afa A AfA OF fA pg 61 OF j y 5 Ya L CJ AGES GE 1 tf k z ST t 51 INS R AGE AG AC 7 OHO t I A jACIAL A AGE t THIRD GLACIAL AE AH l lq Q kJ s. s THAl FOURTH q fl Q lt J TiNTE J R NE u ur e LATE ATE PALEOLITHIC P a r Asia according to A A. W W. Grabau of ot the v y China Survey this pen period d Is not marked Y R by the existence of extensive GE OF 4 glaciers but butr 11 11 f M 0 nv o 1 ft r 1929 I IThe The cradle o of mankind Dr Andrews stated In an interview with the writer Is Js without doubt somewhere in Mongolia Mon Mon- Mongolia golia rather than on the European Continent Con Con- The discovery of the jaws teeth and skull of the last year ac accordIng according according ac- ac cording to Dr Andrews is a very Important important important tant one It establishes the development development development develop develop- ment of mankind to a period some years ago and confirms the opinion held by many leading scientists that there was human life llie on tl this s earth during that early age The first indication that China may have been the cradle of human development development develop develop- development ment according to authorities on on the subject was obtained several years ago when one o of the explorers of the China Survey found in the hills southwest of Pel ping an ancient limestone bed which had been rendered ca cavernous by oy the formation lor for mation ol of solution fissures such suell as are still frequently found i-i i the limestone of the Yangtze region Into these fissures had tumbled from above or had been swept in by streams the bodies of ot the animals which then Inhabited this re region region re- re region j gion and their bones had nad slowly accumulated accumulated accumulated and been cemented into a solid mass massby massby massby by lime deposited In the form of travertine travertine travertine traver traver- tine from the circulating waters During Durin the p process ol ot excavation the presence of numerous cl chips ps of quartz rock apparently Cor foreign ign to th the region were found and it was suggested that in spite of their crudity these might represent stone Implements of very primitive e man and that there was therefore a possibility of finding the remains of such a man in these deposits rather bold prediction was strikingly strike l v verified during the process ol of the study of the ma material Two molar teeth of human type one of an adult the other of a child were child were discovered imbedded im- im imbedded imbedded im im- bedded in the bone breccia and these evi- evi fable showing periods in which these prehistoric men are arc ed belic to o have hac inhabited the he earth dently represented creatures wl which ch be beyond beyond beyond be- be yond doubt were contemporaneous with the animals among whose remains they were found On such a basis it was determined de determined de- de that these remains were o of the trie the Quaternary period It was thus that explorations in China were begun in earnest in search of the remains of the original man But it was not until late in 1928 that the efforts of the various scientists including Dr Black were crowned with wah success In advancing his theory that the cradle of huma development Is ts to be found somewhere in Central Centra China Cluna Dr Black presents a number of interesting theories He points to the fact that Central Asia Mia was roamed at will by animals until the thc age when the Himalaya Mountains 1 rose Following the rising of the Himalayan Range Ramp In the flip Tern Mia t wry lalY u i fim tIme e II tl MII mon mon- r n t wry lalY u tIme e II tl MII mon mon- r n I- I II I monsoon monsoon soon winds sweeping in from the Indian Ocean laden with moisture met the barrier bar bar- rier o of the mountains Forced to rise and so become condensed the winds parted with their moisture heavily watering the southern slope and permitting permUting a luxuriant growth of vegetation lion among which the fortunate anthropoids which nad remained re- re on the south 01 or this this barrier found existence easy and effortless But not so those which were left leit north of this barrier For as the winds crossed the mountains paving i II h ft their moisture on the southern side they they again descended de de- de and by expanding became drying winds Thus instead of or bringing ram they deprived the land ol of what moisture it possessed One by Ore one t the e springs tailed called rivers dried and lakes became sa sa- sa line An And the vegetation of 9 the region once luxurious was the first to respond to these changed climatic con conditions De- De Si N. Moreau's conception in sculpture of Adam and Eve En who anthropologists anthropologists now contend had their home in Mongolia l probably in what is now nowa a part of the Gobi Desert of their moisture moisture the trees of the forests withered and died and slowly the once heavily wooded region became aSahara a aSahara aSahara Sahara the state in which It remains today None suffered more from this change than the anthropoids Long accustomed to live among trees the disappearance of the forest forced them to adventure into the op open n and to contend with more rigorous rigorous rigorous rigor rigor- ous climatic conditions Subjected to such adverse ese environments the weaklings soon succumbed succumb d but the stronger struggled on and gradually discovered how to adapt themselves to the new environment IN THE open according to Dr jur Black the old process o of swinging from fromn branch to branch was no longer possible and an upright gait was forced upon the creatures creatures creatures crea crea- tures who no doubt supported themselves in this novel process by means of a branch grasped from the many dead trees now available That suc such a branch first grasped for support would also prove an effective weapon against an adversary would quickly E e discovered aru arr when by accident accident accident acci acci- dent a fragment of stone became lodged in the lower Jower split spIlt end of such a stick the greater effectiveness of such a enforced re-enforced weapon would could not long iong await discovery And Amid so the use of stone weapons weapons weapons-at at first mere natural chips of rocks but but later fashioned by the creature himself for more effective service service gradually gradually led to development of the stone industry so characteristic of Paleolithic and the later Neolithic man Increased aridity had other effects upon the climate for now radiation inthe inthe in inthe the clear air would produce colder nights and the icy winds from the high mountains mountains moun moun- on the south further Increased the discomforts of existence until the creatures crea crea- tures tuns were slowly driven to other climes And thus as the ages passed they migrated migrated migrated mi mi- grated to the four corners of the earth The so christened by br Dr Black is iss probably the most primitive man manso manso so far known II Ho had a well developed skull which showed that his brain was of good site size and his teeth were definitely human even though his Jaw was of the characteristic ape formation nuu He Ile was of nuu a different genus from that of present- present day man He differed also from train all theother the theother theother other forms of primitive primitivo man known though he came nearest to the tie man Compared with the Pithecanthropus remains of which were found In Java he was distinctly more advanced This fact In Dr Blacks Black's opinion confirms the view that the Pithecanthropus was an offshoot from the main human line fine who had wandered wandered wandered wan wan- dered oft off south and lost touch with the parent stock rather than an intermediate link between anthropoid ape and man Where the originated still sUlI is ts unknown but th the probabilities point to Central Asia From here he may have ranged east to to- the sea coast the Peking area and west to th the borders orders of what Is Isnow Isnow isnow now Europe But it has become come increasingly clear that scientists must look for the definitely pre pre human human ancestors somewhere somewhere some some- somewhere where in Central Asia U v. v VoL A wl which ch settled far and wide over China to form foal the loess deposits It was essentially the age of Paleolithic man but these men of the older St Stone ne Age did not all belong to the Neanderthal type for there were other races existing during that period wl which ch followed the Neanderthal Most notable of these was the which was already so sowell sowell sowell well developed that he Is commonly put in the same species with modern man The implements of these older Stone Agamen Age Aga men however are distinguishable by the fact that they are cl chipped or dressed without being poll polished shed and from the nature na nature nature na- na ture of the dressing successive stages tn to culture are determinable determinate Paleolithic man was followed by Neolithic Neolithic Neolithic Neo Neo- man As for the earlier types of men the early Quaternary period must be explored IT TT IS a significant fact that several distinct distinct dis- dis L types have been found in the deposits de deposits deposits de- de posits of this age The first of these remarkable discoveries was m made de In the year ear 1891 when the Dutch 1 army surgeon Eugen Eueene DUbois dIscovered near ti the vil rr lage of in Central Java th the top of ot ofa ota ofa a skull an upper molar malar toot tooth and somewhat somewhat somewhat some- some what later a second molar and a a. left thigh bone But this was not the l highest hominid then In existence for the remains of 01 the famous Heidelberg man were found in contemporaneous deposits deposit Another ancient human who was essentially essen- essen th the contemporary ry of the man ape-man of Java is the or dawn mar mal of 01 |
