| Show I I I r THE TIlE QUININE PLANTATIONS OF JAVA I All About the Little Pill That Takes Away A the Fever W Tho The Great Groat Estates o 0 of the tho th Dutch East Enst Mako From 30 80 to 40 Por For Cent Cont n 11 Year How Thoy TheY Are Managed and tho Chancos Chances for fop Quinine Raising In tho th Philip Philippines pines Big j Government Plantations A Visit to a n Quinine Factory and the Malaria A Chat With a n How tho Dutch Lasso Lands Etc Etc Eta Etah h 3 mn I PRANK FRANK G 6 CARPENTER Java Tho United States government should hould in investigate the tho possibilities of ot B cinchona plantations In tho Philippine Tho ell mute mate AWl soil oll there thoro are about the name us RI those thoo of Java Jaa tind tho the Dutch ar uro UN s tanking making fortunes out of at the business They fM bu bt b jan iran to plant trees only a n few years rears ago tiO go on an and l they th arc now producing snore more titan than our fifths of oC tho the quinine and cia cin cinchona chona Lark bark used tied In III Urn th world Last Least j cars crop to snore more than 12 pounds of ot quinine ulon and the output la Is steadily nl The Tho demand Is iH also ulso Increasing nd 1 tho the plantations promise to lie he snore more and more mare In ears to come At present pre they the are arc paying front from rom thirty to fort lort per cent dividends and are usa uin told all nil loin doing well MONEY lONI Y IN QUININE The cinchona plantations of Jaa Java are managed by the government by syndi syndicates cates rates and by Individuals The rise cutes clItes hove haVe the most trees They have havo great groat quinine which are bringing In altogether about a year The most of these estates are arc on lands leased tram from tho thu government for terms of oC years ears The planters agree to make certain tain tam developments and to 10 pay certain rents In lieu of ot taxes and they have to 10 carry carryon on their work after the tho rules laid flown donn by the tise government The private plantations are tiro managed to some soma ex extent e et tent t nt the same way They The ate are well for and three of ot them each yield about pounds of at quinine annually The government plantations are con eln conducted ducted more snore with lIh regard regald to the study of at the cinchona cinch ann tree treo and the extraction of Sc the quinine from Its bark than for Cor profit although I believe they pay They are now raising about pounds of ot quinine quinino a n year and In addi athil addition tion to this are supplying all tho the qui quinine quinine nine for tor the Dutch army and Ind nd navy mavy MV WHERE QUININE ORIGINATED Dut lint before 1 describe the government I experiments let me tell teU you something about the tree whose bark supplies the tho little pill that takes away avay tho the fever The rhe cinchona tree trec comes cornea originally from the eastern side of at the Andes There here Is a 11 strip of country about a hundred miles wide and ond over two I 7 I 1 i fit t i ij J ff T Pir I I I d I Photographed for tor the News by Frank Frassi 0 O Carpenter THE QUININE FACTORY AT BAN DONG thousand miles milen long running along r tho the slopes elopes of those m train from Vene Venezuela zuela as ns far south as lower loner low r Bolivia which Is spotted with quinine proves groves roles The Th trees are ure far tar In the Interior and hard to reach I saw something of ot them theist during my travels In South America In 1693 1898 The bark Is i cut In tho the forests and an hauled haule for tor many miles on the backs of at donkeys to the thc rivers or orthe orho the ho seaports I 1 saw sow a great reat deal of or it nt at La Paz where it was as brought to lo tobe be lc shipped by stage ataO or rail to tn the coast A donkey donley load weighed from one ono to 10 two hundred pounds and 32 worth was wan as about all nil one olle donkey could carry One Ono of ot the offered to sell mo ins a forest of IC trees for tor G 1000 or eight cents a tree and others othera of at whom I Inquired told mo mu they had experimented experimented I In working the plantations and lost Some Seine years ears ago there thore was quite a n craze at LA Paz for tor such Buch specula speculation speculation tion lion The cinchona or Peruvian bar barl bark was then Belling selling for about 2 cents a n pound or for thirty times aa as much saudi as asIt asIt asIt It Is itt bringing there now A number of plantations were eIO set out and about 3 were Invested in them by b La Ln alone Then quinine fell tell and now It hardly pays to cut tho the balk baik from rain the tho wild trees although the con can conditions In Java and the Philippines are smelt Huch that the trees could bo be raised there thero at a II profit FROM I TIlE lIm ANDES ANDEE TO JAVA Until within comparatively few yours It was that the quinine tree would gor only on the Andes Tho The South Hauth Americans thought though I they the had the monopoly of the business The vari various Irl ous governments taxed nil all exports of at atthe the bark It was nil al shipped to Lon ton London London don where It was handled by n a Ii trust truit which raised and lowered quinine price nt at will vill Then the l at decided to tn Introduce the trees Into Cey Ceylon Cr lon Jon and India and the Holland BOV em eminent ment planned similar experiments experiment for tor Java J n VI I Hoth countries sent Jent to Peru and ami Bolivia for or seeds Reels and pants The Tho natIes ll there got sot track of rif the matter matterand matl matterand r and 1111 Impeded their mission ml Blon In every possible way The Tho Peruvian curt t m sn house officers would could not let I t the th Eng Ing IngI Huh I h specimens specimen leave the tile weeks and In the meanwhile one ont of it If th the poured sonic some b biln I In water v iter over oer the seeds After a Il time mw however both hoth seeds and plants wr vre secured for fOI Ceylon CI lon Java Th set net ct out largo plantations In Plon nn n nd 1 also 1110 about shout Madras They chose hse bout About tho Ike sawn sarno latitude and climate is us In which the Ito South American trees tre throve and succeeded In producing kirk birk h rk which yielded n it fair of ot quinine The Javanese government set out Its lis trees first In th the botanies gent n a nt at and afterward here nt st hl long dong and They for tor n II TIP iii time lime ansi finally die dis discovered covered that the th best 1 tren treA for tor th thin m was all tho the nc cinchona tr Ir M I which w prow grow fro to double the nf of a i amun mun body hod anti to a n height or nf about fifty fitt feet In Its ISM they hid rny n of at base th e trees They Thoy have havo now many satiny many millions million The Java trees treet are nrc of exactly tim the same limo imo ns nil those thorn used usI In India In hut the tho planters hero her tell 1111 TIll inn the Java boric bark produces luces far tar more quinine than tho Ihl bark nail mil that tile II trees yield differently according to tos coll eoll s il and ON CINCHO This Thill letter Is written at in inthe Inthe inthe the center of oC tho the lc heAt best t In ing region of at the tho world It 1 Is sItuated In a n basin basla In the th Pro nger er or moun moon mountainous region of Java sur surrounded surrounded surrounded rounded by h 1 quinine plantations It has also the government nt factory where the bark Is la reduced to that hat Miter hitter pow tier dor which kills malaria Tho The planta plantation tion ilonA are In tho the mountains mountain at nt noo rt r feet tEet above Fen en Yu 11 oe 10 their rich red color spotting the lulls hills ns liS you ou rile ride about and an 1 In you until may mn see Fee the natives taking up the trees or stripping oft off the birk birl The poll soil here hero Is U very en rich th t ro are arc te fre tre frequent frequent quent rains all nil the tho th year par around HOW TO RAISE lIAISE QUI nm I am sin surprised at nt the scientific meth methods methods od h prevail In the cultivation lion of the quinine estates I have dl cu s d them with the planters and also allo with Dr A R U van lAnge the director of ot the factory Thoy They all 1111 11 tell me that the trees must be bo planted juit Ju t BO fo and ln the greatest cure care taken to enrich the soil soli Oil cakes cuke nad especially castor oil cakes are aro used lIsel as Ill manure The ground Is i carefully cultivated and the plants are set et out according to the tho methods which the government experiments have hae proved best bed The plants fire nrc raised from tram the seeds leer which are arc sown In sell sed beds bed The flue seeds are much like lute lIme seed aced so 80 small that ono one ounce of at theta them will produce about I plants After Atter the sprouts havu grown rown about four inches high they nie amu Iran nail anil later on Ott transplanted again into the tho places where they are ate to toI I stay tny At ht first tho the trees treos were sot set out wide willI apart but hut now they are aro planted at lit ov o 0 cry three or four feet teat and ns as they grow alternate trees treo are cut out from Crom year to year rear to give the others more room roo The fhe bark of those cut out Is 18 used so that the tise plantation begins to tn produce within a n short time Thu first cutting l It Is nt lit about tho the third year the cutting continues until unlit the thu th tenth yen yeas 1 whon the trees ate full tull till groWn In tatting takIng nut out the tho trees both the roots twit ani branches bunche are aro saved for tor they the tse both quinine Although tho Ihl best heat quinn quinine mines comes from rosa the bark of at atthe the atom fh Ch hArk In is dried In the tho suii sos or 01 In evaporator anti then packed up UI rind nail rent enl to the factory to be Lo made niada In Into Into into to quinine 1000 TRImS Truis TO TIlE ACRE Dr van In Linge tells toUs me flue that about aboul a n thousand trees IrN are planted to the acre and that on art the government plantations there thore are lire single trees which will ivill 11 OB nH much as a 6 64 worth of quinine At t this trite mIl a 1 thousand would yield lel the lie greatest profit per acre Rem oi or at sully crop prop known Even Hven though It re reo ten yours tn to grow the whole crop this thiR would wout be 1 to per PP acre nere per year this by h 4 and 1 von volt Mould ouM still ilo 10 mb wel You could have hat hl Jl SIC COO O per aero acre which Is If b 11 no means n a hail hlll yield veld In these dats of O 4 per cent interest and wheat IN A QUININE FACTORY The biggest quinine factory of the world N is situated In this ety rity of ot nan Baa lon dong It Is under government super supervision vision but Is IR run as ns a private enter in 1111 I so o In the interests of ot fn planters although I believe they the have no stock In It The factorY does not buy tosy IIII the Ihl cia bark It ft merely merel takes toll foi to III 1111 work Time The l rk le 11 delivered In I is bahR of pounds pound each These Thle are arc carefully careful bv hv the government lIt chemists to find th nf ot which each bal contains At Af After Atter Atter ter this tim tho planter pots gets rt n chook chicok for tor forthe forthe the value alue of the bark l I Ihl toll tall and mba tho bark Is III now thrown In with that lira th other cither bark In the warehouse I went trent lh Dr Or van nn tinge 1 through the r ont rut branches of ot the factory watching the processes precedes e of nf reducing the hue bans to tl quinine As All It comes comei from the tree IreI It looks not nat unlike ordinary hark bark but bUthen when alters hen vou OU taste te It It h Is like biting In Into into to tn n a pill Much Mitch of It comes to 10 the fat fac tory In lust dust end Ind It l is 11 nil all reduced to tu dust before It h Is carried Into the mill BOILED IN OIL on The looks 1001 like cinnamon ground fine It In lit reddish brown hut but each brown grain pome of ot Ih white atoms we WI know kno ns M a quinine The Tho proc process ess eUI Is to tn got get the th while Ihlo atoms atom out Is done dorl by mixing the lust with water and boiling balling It In mineral minerai oils The boil boiling log ing Is done lone In III great ent vats of at steel In which n it 1 sort of oC kerosene refuse Is IR put There are steam pipes running through the vats ats which keep keeti the th oil Just Joust at the boiling point or at nt almost lt degrees Fahrenheit I At this thU point the tho dust Is and the hue quinine atoms from rota It and BO go into Inlo the tho oil all being soaked up as n fl water soaks Oak ui u ti suit salt After Arter twenty hours all nil the th quinine has hall left lett the dust and amid hero a part of ot the oil all while the residue dinks to the bottom hollom The oil 01 is III now drawn oft off Into other othern Vats n III where It settles It now no ook 1001 looks for Cor Corall all tho the world 0 r Irl like Ilko clear water ater It Is really kerosene oil with quinine Tho next thIng Is to get gel th tho quinine out This is done dono by b Introducing sulphuric acid and water The Till nr M takes take up the theall oil all hut rejects the quinine and vh when wilen n the tho oil tind acid are drawn off ort the th bot hot torn tom of ot the time vat va t has bias a n sediment of ot dirty white while sand This Is crude quinine It ft Is III clarified or refined ns as we refine sugar anti nt at the cud ind comes out In the frosted sliver sIlver link lowder ll known as a apure pure quinine It Is now Into tins of ot one ono hundred and thus shipped to 10 New York Ami Am t lon Len don chart and the ll other great rent drug markets of at the world QUININE PLANTATIONS IN TIm TIlE PHILIPPINES Dr an Lingo tells me 1111 that IS 6 5 per percent percent cent of ot all nil the quinine from Java and ami that 81 per cent ct nt of this Is from fromn the neighborhood Of ot He lip hut a large amount of that static made here her goes to the States s sand and that the demand from there stead d fly lly Increases Our government might en easily y set out plantations In the inland if Mindanao That Island 1 Is hI almost an M large rw IIA Java Tava T va vaIt It has hall same pome of the rIchest soIl noil of the be tropics contains contain mountainous rr em I glons glans not e Ireaner If time the see ger of agriculture n should et l h nn an experimental estate In the Ih mountains near hear R or 1 the matter could be easily te tested te l and ROll it tt might result In exports of at enormous value a lue At present something like pounds of quinine are nr used in the world every eiery cr year war This Thin Is It about grains or enough to give even evers m n woman and chill child three pills tills nn an amount which Is III manifestly not enough to counteract he the Ih malaria the time An allowance of one dozen doen pulls per person imron would th Pt requiring r a n product of 26 36 COO grains or enough to build up ui quinine fortunes In every ever part of ot th the Philippine Islands TIlE THE MOSQUITOES AND MALARIA Time The scientists lucre here are Inclined to the belief 1 now current nt ot home that the themo mo communicate malaria They Th tell teU me certain kinds of ot mosquitoes are arc full of at malarial parasites germs so small that it takes a billion of at th them m to Rive give a man imn a abad bad case cne of at fever ami an a A of at a billion to produce a n chill chili Ih III The These e parasites breed so po rapidly how however however ever that a n few tow hours or at nt most mast a n afew afew few days after being b bitten by 11 my the tho mosquitoes the man Is full of them he Ito soon comei down don with malaria The only onh tIming thing poisonous to the parasites pora so far discovered dI Is li quinine This kills them theta the blood throws ort oft time the organ organIsm Ism hOn and the man prows grows well arain lI aln I T I came smear dying hying while vile 1111 In not long ago from fro rain th thin bites of such Much mos ma mosI I |
