Show 1 ps Three Nations Preparing to Find the South Pole 9 SWEDEN g ENGLAND GERMANY L attack In the most strenuous ShUe e bt tor ts I b ma e Ullon IdS and andt M tb 8 till les Ies known t tw Ih of tM the South Polo Poh t loti to 10 lie a allowed to In ln 1 tot going Delude Three D ous a t Oer d Sweden are arO now fitting out vinY one after the thO other othero n fIll p J dangerous unknown ex CX i ih th the o stretch for millions of or miles Lit saUd urt ft that Pole 1011 nt tb the unknown regions aro more the th litre tour four II mES H II extensive as us n those Pole nys the tho Now tl th Ml t I Herald The unknown areu of at the i utter litter tart fOrk L U Is J lU l to that thal ot of European ell whItt that about the South Polo 1010 H twice thAi of ot all alt Europe ln b to 10 the tho French geographer h i AC H IuS the IhO nc moon mOOl might fall In Inthe inthe EJ unknown regions of oC tho the Antarctic the touchIng ROY any known country e Has Iia never neer been anything like lII e There in Antarctic ns as In Arctic tM tt coVerY ry During the last century only down do en expeditions put lint forth In tn InI I I a long ng qUIRt of Antarctic research I Is the 10 Dumont tho the French conducted two expeditions pith jl th 0 of Cape ape Horn aud New Now Zealand Willies Wilkes arne aine time the thO American it At ill the ae some observations In the same And then James leading an SC English expedition I i ned Victoria the most southerly souther point I by any man loan This Is tho the land In all nil the world A lingo huge hell bell of I Ice rises In crystalline cliffs nwe nce than three hundred feet nt ot the tho while In the tho very ver midst of oC i a frozen world volcanoes spout fire ltd ud 1 I a Sixty jears ears rolled away before nn an farther work ork was carried on In the field Then Corsten Carsten Dorch a awoke oko new Interest In this fe after a somewhat desultory trip trio h is I t Ming vessel ve sel to tho the land that Jo los had discovered The well veil equipped expedition by Lieutenant do de Arctic teas seas In 1897 1597 and for tor thir thirteen teen leta months were frozen in the Ico Ice i pack The Tho members of or this expedition were wen the tho first human beings to pass through the tho Antarctic winter r Their experiences and the results of or their la III labois labots bois hOlH have huo been graphically described by the tho American member of ot the tho ex cx expedition Ur Vr Frederick l A Cook fhe The main results result of or the tho expedition wore the discovery of at a n now strait nearly Murly as largo us its the tile Strait of at Magel Magellan lan mu the tho discovery of ot about live hun bun hundred tired dred miles of or new lIew coast conet and of ot a sub submarine submarine marine plateau west of ot Graham Land and a complete series of meteorological and magnetic observations throughout one olle year The last Antarctic expedition was an un English one under tinder tho the command of or With his Ills ship the Southern Cross ho he penetrated to lath lati latitude tude tudo 78 is degrees CO to minutes or to within 77 miles of ot the thO South Pole Ioe This Is a record which remains to bo be broken bolten by hy bythe hythe bythe the expeditions now about to venture forth also niNo located tho the southern magnetic pole iole and this will willbe wIllbe be of ot great sreM value In helping scientists to 10 determine the ho nature of or magnetism The sending out of at three expeditions during ono one year discloses dl closes an unprecedented unprecedented dented Interest and stimulus In ant antarctic antarctic arctic work Early in itt the tho cen century century century tury lan put a line round about tho the earth from east to west vest antI It looks aa ns though the tho early years of the Twentieth century would see flee an nn earth eurth encircling line run through the poles pales THE TUE EXPEDITION I The British expedition will he the tho first to get away ond will start in III Its specially built ship hlll the Discovery sonic same time during this month The com corn commander mander mandel of the expedition Is Captain Hobert flobert L 14 Scott It n IL N and Lieutenant Albert 11 n Is second In com coin command mand Inand Three scientific specialists aro are Included In the Professor John Walter Valter Gregory professor of or geology In Melbourne university Mr Hodgson biologist and Mr W Shack Shackleton Shackleton leton physicist Dr Koet Coet tilts who accompanied the Jackson Harmsworth expedition Is the surgeon and botanist antI and will vilI bo ho assisted by Dr Wilson who vho Is also the tho artist of or orthe the expedition The expedition has hns a ct financial back backing backing ing of ot to which the government A i T TiLL 1 IF iJ Unprecedented Interest Aroused In Antarctic Exploration I Will the he t Century See an Earth Encircling Line Run Kun Through the That the Discovery of I the South SOu Pole Ole Would Id Set J et at Rest Res J contributed and the balance has hns been heen contributed con tell by the Ho Honl al Gee Geo Geographical graphical Society and by private Indi Individuals chief of or whom are Mr Ir Alfred Altred Harmsworth and Mr I 1 W Longstaff who carh each contributed The expedition hopes to go beyond beon tho the spot discovered by hose HOSH and to solve the great problem of oC the huge Ice bar barrier ncr rier It alms aims to discover new lands and on onto to render benefits to those thos who navigate south of ot 10 40 O degrees south latitude by correcting the new lIew erroneous curves alto locate the drifting south magnetic pole hole and to advance tho the knowledge of or southern meteorology Though the British are aro notably a n na nn nation tion of explorers yet et the Discovery Is the first ship ever oer built In England for forthe tho the express purpose of or exploration She Is the tho sixth of oC her name and oil nil nilor of or her predecessors have hove none done yeoman yoeman service In the fields ot or exploration Tho The Discovery Was Waa as launched at lit Dun Dundee Dundee Dundee dee on March 21 last by Illy Mark Maik Markham ham harn The Tho new nelV Discovery Is a remark remarkably ably abi strong ship being built of ot well vell seasoned oak and She Is solid for nine nino feet from her stem stein which Is bound round with Iron plates Her massive ribs almost touch on one OM nn on another other and her side ore are 21 24 feet teet In thick thickness thickness ness To enable her to make malte H a I really good and an dependable magnetic tle survey not n a single crap of oC magnetic material line has been used for thirty feet teet nil all around above and below or fore fori fo and at aft of ot the magnetic observatory which IH III l by two to laboratories for biological work The ship Is feet long 33 feet broad has a main draught of or 16 toot foot and a displacement of at 1750 tons She Is IB specially fitted for dredging trawling and taking deep sea sen temperatures The Ilie Admiralty are fitting her out with every ever conceivable kind of or Instrument required for navigation surveying sounding Hounding and meteorological work and ond she sho Is being provisioned for three years ears THE TIlE GEILMAN EXPEDITION To lo gome extent the tho Discovery will work In III conjunction with the German expedition has been equipped by bythe bythe bythe the Get German man government at nt the suggestion than lion of or Count lo minister o of tho the Interior This expedition expedition also expects to sail in tn the latter part of or July or lIT early In III August A special ship has hns been beon constructed 1 at nt Kiel iClet for tor this German Antarctic expedition expedition tion which In tn external appearance greatly resembles the Pram l though It u itIn hi In much er Her length U is I feet and breadth lest feet She Is 2 24 feet thick draws feet of or water and has hasa a n displacement dl pf M f 1450 1 50 tons She has hall roomy room cabins a aid U toad ventilation and will be lighted I y electricity Her lIer en engines engines engines gines which a ao u e triple al ul allow low a speed of at seven knots Iatt of her lier outfit consists pf f a n captive balloon and she carries live ordinary bouts bOlita anti and one naphtha launch The materials em cm employed In her hur construction are oak pitch pine pillo and anel the latter hEln bein t I used as na for tor or protection tom from the Ico ice Tho The expedition will lIe be led by b Dr Erich von and the scientific staff comprises H Dr Vr Ernst zoologist and botanist Dr Vr Hans las Gaz ert surgeon and bacteriologist Dr Emil Philippi geologist find nd chemist Dr Friedrich ell clan and meteorologist The Tue vessel viii be commanded d by Captain Hans lIans flue Ilus ser of tho the line Though nominally equipped for two years the German vessel essel Is being belnA pro provisioned for a 1 longer period She will proceed by Cape Town fown to Island whore where coins ome members of or the ex ox expedition will be bl left lett fur far a year to car carry carry carry ry on oil terrestrial magnetic mug ne tIC and meteor meteorological meteorological meteorological research this being necessary ns Its n It basis for similar studies In the th Ice Ite further south The rite main expedition will leao the thc Island for lt It iti field of at research during December Its lis main object being to find a n spot on the west Hide side of ot Viet Vici torla toria Land where hf r suitable winter quarters may be established and scientific experiments carried on Meantime In Individual members of the expedition will wll further south toward the pole more particularly toward l the magnetic pole After fter wintering the main expedition lion tion will wilt continue to Journey westward al attempt to get south of or Kemp and und lorb Islands Inlands then sail across the thu Sell Sea to South Georgia ln eventually to Tristan da do Cunha Cunho where the voyage oyne will practically terminate The rho third Antarctic expedition goes Joes from Sweden and und Is I under the loader leader ot Dr Otto of ot Up sola lIe He is u II nephew of ot the theamous famous amous discoverer of the Northwest Passage lIse and line has distinguished himself by ly expeditions to Terra Temi del Fuego l Alaska and Greenland The Tue tessel 1 of ot this thin Swedish Sw expedition line has ha been equipped nt Gothen Gothenberg berg nt at a cost coat st of ot It has hall n a strange history She woe was built some years ago nt at the Norwegian Dundee In an nn attempt to revive relve the tim old sperm i whaling Industry In Antarctic seas The was a failure and the yes ves eel succeeded In securing but one whale She was afterwards as liS a n whaler off the Greenland Ort coast and was iv then purchased by Professor Na the th famous Swedish Arctic ex who n Baton Haron Nor liar on in the Vegas famous jour journey Journey ney fey round Europe and Asia rot mr Nuthurst N U al used the yes ves sol eel In a Sam search for Andree After Afterward ward she RIll shi WitS wag employed In Greenland at atthe atthe the tit expense of the Dunlin Danish government by Lieutenant Dr Pr jold old then bought t her hI from Denmark I It ItIn ItI ItIs In Is I the th lutters lutHr Intention to Institute an RU another another other othel search for tor Andree Andrae and autt then vail 1811 southward for the more Ant Allt Antarctic arctic regions Dr propones lIra pOles to sail nail to the Antarctic region rellon via Ia Terra del Fuego some time In November next neit and thence he lie will go southward In Jan Jail January Jannary nary uary At t the begin March when the days begin to shorten In tn the Antarctic tic region he will vIll gradually retreat northward and attempt to retch reich a its sta station tion where he lie and the tile scientific party part with their hands will winter while the Antarctic proceeds proceed on a R voyage of at re research research search In the lc Ice free waters around Terra del dei and ana the Falkland Islands In the following spring the members left lett on Oil the Antarctic continent contine will bo be betaken taken away awny and the this vessel will sail for home honie Besides Ue the leader the th expedition lion tion Is composed cOlO of or six alx savants a geologist gist two biologists and two to In meteorological cat cal sciences a n surgeon oh fifteen hands hend the captain of or the ship and four tour officers r complete the expedition The Th expedition will wilt act In harmony harmon with and be a R support to the tho BrItish and German ones Dr Ir t has hns for tor some years been enraged In planning this Antarctic expedition and has naturally derived great gl at benefit from the tho experiences of ot his famous uncle In Inthis Inthis inthis this task TIll The feeling of friendly rivalry and he willingness to operate cooperate co among these three well rell expeditions well for the Interests of or science and of or mankind at large In order to from the HIP Antarctic the secrete Marela which have hav been lisen held BO so long lon a cordon of or yes veu spill eels Is required all nil cooperating and co coordinating coordinating their observations and ond then therl thenis In is ample for tor nil INTERESTING x ANTARCTIC QUES A number of Interesting questions In ter not only to the scientist but 1 rr i ito q to people In I general fenera ran can an be let set at nt rest relit by successful Antarctic research Th answers anwer to such euch questions lul would be a great gr at advance in tn the th philosophy of ter re science Iclene Jg Is 1 there thre land lam at the South Pille or water War mid end if It land Is I It populated Has Ual lie the th of the land lan anything to tn say guy on n th Ih point whether wh ther I mill mild MRS hRS I at St the lie tilt South Pole In tn ages long ago u tl fact which nan has ha been iteen abundantly proved priced go so far as 81 tho the North Pole Iole U iii In the northern hemisphere there Is a t Polar sea ea almost completely ly surrounded by hy I continental land hand and continental conditions for or the most art prevail In Inthe Inthe the southern hemisphere on nn the other hand to tu the th best lut authorities there Is II almost certainly a continent at atthe atthe atthe the South Pol Pil h Ir I r completely surrounded by IJ the ocean These bristly briefly are the fundamental topographical dlf dif between the th Arctic and Ant Antarctic AntarctIc nt arctic In the Antarctic land hai haq hi been sighted at numerous points but whether what lots has been seen lIten Indicates small Islands or a 11 continuous coast cosit line lino remains remain tn to be IJ tested The great Kreut Ant Antarctic nt arctic continent hidden by Ire ice barriers barrier and seas perpetually tortured by hurri hurricane cane Rne blasts may not yet 1 have been trod by h the foot JIll of f man save nave only If Ir natives Inhabit that land lall of mystery Every J verr department of natural knowl knowledge knowledge edge would Indeed be he enriched by th tM i systematic observations of ot a It few fe tee res et eels sels Is closing upon the tIe southern ex t rem remit it A more accurate knowledge of at me conditions In the Antarctic fer Instance would aid greatly In form torm It Ir g correct Corre weather eather prognostications the weather Ither to come orne l t is naturally an absorbing question for tor all civilized d men Scientists also al o wish to know ho compass acts at or near the South Pole Jole Tor lor the present Important work eon con connected nl tell with the subject Ct of terrestrial magnetism remains at ot a standstill be because because cause our nur Dolar iolar observations ob are not complete When they the are Art the onuses causes ot 01 o othe the slight but dangerous deviations In Inthe Inthe inthe the mariners compass will be he known anti dealt with accordingly Our knowledge of current currentS anti and tides pan can be greatly Increased by systematic series of observations on tho shores of ot the Antarctic |