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Show Moo feni' Jqo '.. " - """" , Bigger Than the Earth About to , Astronomers Believe Sun Satellite Bigger Than the Earth About to Be Given Off by Jupiter and Our World Eventually May Be 7reerlmr,PPt1ntopaccrtronamera claim to hare discerned a huge red patch on Jupiter many thousand square mile in size, which they believe eventually may take the form of a new celestial orb and be flung bff Into space, taking its place as a new member of the solar family i one epochs It moat eftea have passed dose enough to ether ittn to suffer mora or Ian disturbance of Ha ova Bam- faf atmosphere. , TEvtn in to ahort a period aa a few ' thousand yeara the -relative positions of ..the seaUee Hxed' aura change appre-eiably. appre-eiably. Jn the couraa of raolofio hiatory tha whole aspect of the heavens haa at- -. terly changed time and time again. With ao many huge, brilliant and rapid atara, it aaama inevitable that our aon ahould , how and then eome near enough to aomo of them to be importantly influenced.. ' "Star that are now hundred of lirht- -yeara away may one bare been near neifhbora of our' sun. Sometimea our aolar ayatam may hare pursued course ' far from other atara, and almost un- ' diaturbed by outaide influences. At auch tlmea the earth may have enjoyed mild climate, with little change from aummer to winter or from latitude to v -' -latitude. Later on out aolar luminary, with Ha attendant planeta, may have - been home Into a eosmie region where it paaeed near to a group of giant atara enormous, flaming, gaseous bodies, bun- ' erode or thousands of tlmea its own sixe, , What might not happen then T "The presumable effect would be great disturbancea of the sun's atmosphere, wHh consequent cooling of the earth a eooling which, continuing for a very long period, might very wall produce an Age of Ice." . . i Supposing that Prof. Huntington's Jis-ery Jis-ery is correct, it all depends upon the stars. Whither la our sun traveling, at. a speed twenty-four times that of a rifle bullet t Nobody knows. Where chall we arrive a thousand or a million - years from now? It is impoasible te - guess. Apparently our sun is moving in a straight line, but maybe H is only part of a vast curve. The more one speculates on auch matters, tha more hopelessly one ia loat In a maaa of conjecture. con-jecture. It seems aa If the coming of another lee Age muat mean a severe refrigeration refrigera-tion of the earth's atmosphere, but really It does not. Prof. W. t. Humphreys", fs-mous fs-mous physicist of the United States Weather Bureau, says that a lowering of 10 dm'sea of average temperature throughout the year would bring another . glacial epoch. With that diminution of ' temperature, there would not be enough . warmth in aummer to melt the winter's snows, which would thus accumulate until all of our Northern States would be . covered by a aheet of enow and ke thousands thou-sands of feet thick.- to our aystem, it la easily to be imagined that they might Influence our sun. Aa they approach each other, the mutual disturbance must be vastly increased sufficiently ao, perhaps, to stir up in the fiery envelope of our sun the whirling storms which, viewed through the telescope, tele-scope, appear to our eyes as dark spots of irregular a ha pee. It is, by the way, the traveling of these spots across the shining hse of the aun that haa revealed the fact that the aolar sphere revolves on its axis once In twenty-seven days. VJTi SPEAK of the "nxed" atara to' ' ' distinguish them from our seven compenion planeta, which the ancients called "wandering atara." All of the millions of them that we aee bespangling the night sky are sun a. But they are by no means fixed or stationary. . On the contrary, they are traveling through the heavens at amazing speeds, and thus their relative positions are constantly changing, though they are ao far off that" alterations in that respect are apparent to our telescopes only after a lapse of centuries. Only about 28,000 yeara ago the twin aun a of Alpha Centaur! were nearer to us than now by two-thirds of their pres. ent diataDcej-ecarce one-third as far away, in other words. If bow they influence in-fluence our sun's activities, surely they Although the glacial period is past, . remnants of the giant glaciers remain, discharging their cargoes of ice Into the ocean in the form of bergs, a deadly menace to steamship traffic Mr :w fei Sfeo J& TvT-fO) S Astronomers T yWMSJ Believe Sun Satellite AS -7 Bigger Than the Earth About to , - -zz Be GiVf,n Qff 0y Jupiter and Our World . . :'V.; ,''".''' I Eventually May Be S"" ' '.' J . Xv:.' x--,' -'..'I' '''- ' -f : tone epecRs It must often have passed . a-rf-f ' ' J ;' J.-v... - ' ' ' - - ' " - !' d enough to other atara to Buffer f t - . . " ' -' , . . i more or lees disturbance of Ha owa flam- reertnrotit-liitt gyce. " Mtrowawr. 1 1 zr'lr'Z.z . .: ' . f . , . . ... ' . , . . . . - - . - - - i Even Jn so short a period aa a few ' claim to have discerned a huge red patch i - 7 , thousand yean the .relative positiono of , S on Jupiter many thousand square mile f...z. "r ' ' eo-caned -lxed' atara change appro y.. - i. in size, which they believe eventually . IfX j :, 7 vji;:-- r.lT;'-'V: - ' , rjey. the eourse of geologic hiatory y ., : mmv tnr -.ltl.l 'A ' :-rr: whol "V of the heavens haa ut- T . may Uke the form Of new celestial ; 1 ST " . terly changed Urn. and time again. With L ,' , ' orb and be flung bff Into space, taking ' 1 -m- " Zij - V ', , ao many huge, brilliant and rapid atars, . its place as a new member of the solar .LZT-- "' '' ' . - tt 'lnUo, our "n 11d ramilv ' f " ' f ' V B0W "" tom "oar enough to aomo ' .";").'; . v '' of them to be Importantly Influenced. . V V- ' ' J'' ' "Stars that are now hundreds of BghU IS n new planet, a aiater of the earth, to our aystem, it la easily to be imagined - . - -s ' 1 y" away may onee have been near clcut to be bornf that they might Influence our sun. Aa - ' . i 4 'AL I 't " " ''.' ' ' "'t'100" of our' aun. Sometimea our Attronoiners are inclined to suspect the they approach each other, the mutual ' K'V'X A 5 v V v "'"' r aystom inay have pursued a eourea likdihood of such an event. For evidence disturbance must be vastly increased I ', , 'OS V V s - , ' , V , far from other stars, and almost un- thty point to what they call the Great aufflciently ao. perhapa, to stir up In the , J V ' 'vV ' '. J ' disturbed by euUide influencea. At auch Red Spot - fiery envelope of our aun the whirling yT j j ' ev -"- i ' S 's ' ' ' timea the earth may have enjoyed a The spot In question U a red patch tUTm which, viewed through the tele- -. V , ' I , , " .y f . mUd eUmate, with litUe change from ' on the surface of Jupiter, 80,000 miles PP to our eyea a dark spota ' . f , JS VSJ'' ' v "t ' ' ' aummer to winter or from Utitude to long and 7000 milee wide. It ia ana- of Irregular ahapee. ."W ; i i t' ' . . i " , o'r - UUtude. Uter on out aolar luminary, pected to be a sateUito In the making It la, by the way, the traveling of. i"-V tl ' "'f:" J 7 ' " w1th " und'lt planeta, may have Khich will be thrown off before long these spota acroea the shining Cise of the , f , II ' ' been borne into a coamie region where it from the fluid, partly gaaeoua surface aun that haa revealed the fact that the ' . 11 V u Vh' ' O paaeed near to a group of giant stars of that cosmic giant. ol,r aphere revolves on its axis once . . :T " ', if ' enormous, flaming, gaaeoua bodies, bun- ' According to the astronomers' reckoit- in twenty-seven days. ' t " ' : -.. .' ' 1- -r - '" j ' ''P-? It ' ' es or thouaanda of tlmea lu own aiae. ing, it wlllbe bigger than the earth. If '" . , , . . . A , . S' .,,' . What might not happen thea T . this seems surprising, one ahould con- XJTE SPEAK of the "flxed" atara to , Although the glacial period IS past, Va-" "1 V - "Tha presumable effect would U great aider the fact that Jupiter ia 1230 times ''distinguish them from our seven ' remnants of the giant glaciers remain, V K T ' ' V disturbances of the sun's atmosphere, as big as the planet on which we dwell, companion planets, which the ancients discharging their cargoes of ice into the ' . with consequent eooling of the earth still very hot, and in effect a leaser, called "wandering atara." All of the it t rrm f hore-a. a dead I v Si eooUng which, continuing for a very lonf partly cooled aun. millions of them that we aee bespangling ocean in the form of targs. S, deadly ff i . C i jHod. might very weU produce aa Ag. If a new celestial orb Is thus born Into the night sky are suns. But they are by menace to Steamship iramc -,' .. y " ' of Ice." v the aolar aystem literally torn out of no means fixed or stationary.. On the v , .' ' ( " ' ' 7" -; '. . , Supposing that Prof. Huntington's iie- the body of Jupiter the tremendous contrary, they are traveling through the tropical plants and enimala flourished as , ' ( ,, --.-. , ery is correct, it aU depends upon the cataclysm could hardly fail to affect the Javena at ; amaiing apeeda, and thus fa, north as Greenland. ; The picture ' ' A V,' V V . atara,. Whither la our aun traveling, sun ia an alarming way. thereby cool- theu- reUtive poeiUons are eonUnUy. It was In the last glacial epoch that reproduced. : , v , . ' '" at a speed twenty-four timea that of a lnr the earth for a aeriea of yeare to ehanglng, though they are ao far off that man, struggling against severely hostile ghowa a ', ,' . rifle bullet t Nobody knows. Where auch an extent that we might have no alterations in that respect are apparent eondiUona, accomplished his aacent from . , . V y ; shsU we arrive a thousand or a million summer, at .11 worth mentioning, while to ouir teleKope. only aftor a lapse of the bruto. . The wane of that epoch w typical : , , vTrom now? It is Impoil. U our v.intera would be ao severe a to '".". M : the birth of hi. earliest dvilisaUone. aun-spot ; , .i s'K. '' , v guees. Apparently our aun Is moving In threaten ua with freexing to death. Only about 28,000 yeara ago the twin But the Ja.t Age of Ice has not yet V-"At. " (' a atraight line, but maybe it ia only Why so? Because an enormous die- f Alpha CenUurl were nearer to finally departed. When It haa come to '...;-.. t- . Lrt of a vast curve. The more one turbance of the aun'. atmosphere would tha now by two-thlrda of their pres. an It wiU prosumably be f ollowed " . . ( ' ' - i .WulaU. on such matters, tha more be created. The sun would "become much dtaic.rc. one-third a. 1 by another period of warmth, lasting . xJ'lL . r : t , r, B0M.ly en. i, teat laTmase of Z hotter, and in coneequence the earth other word If Sow they ia- perhaps 100,000 yeara or more, in the jC " " ' on. m a maaa ox eoa- would be chilled. fluence our sun's activities, surely they course of which, as. the climate of our rT V . , ... .. If tk. ,ln. .v . would .Mcmiieo. ' . M.tL& ' planet beeomee milder and milder. Green- It seems as If the coming of another It is a fact fully eetabhed that a T ' land and other far northern land, now Age must mean a severe refrigera- hotter, aun makea a cooler eartn. At f- , II 1 Mr J 7I deemed uninhabitable wiU be found tloa of the earth'a atmosphere, but really all times the aun U aurrounded by a vast ,. VvCr4Ni available for human occupancy, for ag- it does not. Prof. W. J. Humphreys', f eloud of what might be called volcanic , y . TVTJfwtiA ) rieulture and for industrial development, moua physicist of the United Statee dust. When the great luminary burna . . lrvTvlVv Naturally, one asks bow and why these Weather Bureau, says that a lowering more fiercely than usual the cloud of dust - . VOXvvJ5wv ' 4 ' ,Un,t,o"a of the earth'a climate from of 10 degree, of average temperature ia more than ordinarily dense, obstruct- X X fet.r vV. cold to warm and vice versa these age- throughout the year would bring another Ing the passage of the aolar raya, hence X X TPBlAW . .long fluctuations of temperature occur. . glacial epoch. With that diminution ef ' the amount of heat delivered upon the X X I VfvV trot. Huntington explain, the matter aa temperature, there would not be enough . earth is less. .X '.. vfejVV vVSh followat warmth in summer to melt the winter's That is why aun spots make cVol WlvtvVVi "Our sun la not standing still in space, snows, which would thus accumulate weather on our globe. They are whirl- I f ' ' ' aSvS iss!!V It is traveling, carrying ua with it, ap- until all of our Northern States would be . ing 'storms of fire in the solar atmoa- ' ' vaVXUrvXVw1? perently In a atraight line, at a epeed covered by a aheet of snow aad ke thoa- phere, caused, It is supposed, by an up- XOXtvTJx VVr bo W,T0 aiiles a second. In by- sands of feet thick.- raa of hot material to the surface. ' . H uv Thereby the aun ia rendered hotter, the 1 . vkSjafl SV V '' ' " , , ' er.velning dust doud is thickened and I'levN '"-w PrOF. ELLSWORTH HUNTINGTON. ' ,. bjl. of Yale Univeraity, backa this the- I VPk.aw f tory. Hi. Idea ia that warm winters and I ' tf' cocr-aunimers (or vice versa) are doe to I ftTfl' , . eor.siderable measure to the influence of I '..'. VM S Te nearly stars upon the atmosphere of the I vv-V 4. 'ew, V 1 eun particularly that of our nearest I jf 4wV JVf- JF neighbor, Alpha Centauri. 1 X vV K- J VW r Alpha' Ccntaurll. rdly two auns, I f XWie.l S f&4P&& each of them about the site of our aolar I I .. ' J X1 .iV t S'.A -fv . lumirary. It car. be plainly a. . , JT CZZiC VfftX !WAvtI - ew ' ' . -rfouUe- In the southern heavens" with I K V?vM'' i'S V' AfM "V ' , a rood field glass. Those twin .una re- "X I iV' V -Vj r'ff V , W'5 ' volve about a common center of grav- I f fXVf I "k 2 Vv"1 ff"' fll-'-rv. Vi" , ,7. When they approach each other In I ijlf X&JT C fVV " PVY'Xb ''1UVV ; tbeirhigUy eccentric orbita, spot, on our ," JlW A V V 1 V'Pl -Mr kMPsT2F ' .uu become much more numerous When i 'V? ' aV Vt !V $S . they reeede from' eaeh other, tee aa. . . . V f . 'N Fah v Wk'Vj' '4X'X ' arotr. observed by our toleaeope. become . I ta . A AX rA ' V ifkrjA K.'-'SN- " valsof eleven yemra, After auch a -aun-' f ' St ev? ' apot maximum." as astronomers call it, t A I V - V . W at Ck ?-?- ' the spots lessen In number and sjxe for "w ' ' M I J. ' ' '' J;:i4.J several yeare until the "aun-apot mini- i . J W .O t-f Jv rfSV- '-sp' " nm" is reached, whereupon they begin , ' ' ' . - . J S to were.- again. On a clear night the sUrs present a vast panorama of -s: A ' ,-C lT f -V- - ItfaAlphaCentaurith.tdoe.lt. The beanty, and the constellations as they swing through VC 7r -'sS5W' . of our solar orb, therebrgder poets for ages , ' 1 S " a V spoto-l.e, cyclonic storms which throw . J ' KTm. X p cloud. dust that interfere with have don. so the, with tremeo- . ' JvV5 V The twin suna of Alpha Centauri are, ' r-" i V ? ?5?: " In average distance, not mueh farther GEOLOGISTS aay that during the last ' : ' WMW- rf-eliSitU5 ' apart than our own solar luminary and VI 800JW0 yeara there have been four ' 'V, vJS . ' . The picture reproduced .. shows a ' typical aun-spot ' tropical plants and animals flourished aa far north as Greenland. .. It was In the last glacial epoch that man, struggling against severely hostile conditions, accomplished his ascent from the brute. . The wane of that epoch aaw 'the birth of .his earliest civilisations. But the Jest Age of Ice has not yet finally departed. When It haa come to an end It will prosumably be followed by another period of warmth, lasting perhaps 100,000 yeara or more, in the ' course of which, as. the climate of our ... . ' planet becomes milder and milder, Greenland Green-land and other far northern lands now deemed' uninhabitable will be found available for human occupancy, for agriculture ag-riculture and for industrial development. Naturally, one asks bow and why these - 4 alterations of the eerta's climate from cold to warm and vice vers. these age-Jong age-Jong fluctuatione of temperature occur. . v. Prof. Huntington explain, the matter aa j follows: ,- AX "Our sua Is not standing still in apace. . It la traveling, carrying ua with it, ap-icasU ap-icasU perently In a straight line, at a epeed of about twelve miles a second, la by- W: IS n new; planet, a sister of the earth, clcut to be born? Attronoiners are inclined to suspect the likelihood of such an event. For evidence they point to what they call the Great Red Spot - The apot in question ia a red patch on the surface of Jupiter, 80,000 miles long and 7000 milee wide. It ia suspected sus-pected to be a satellite in the making which will be thrown off before long from the fluid, partly gaaeoua surface of that cosmic giant. According to the astronomers' reckoning, reckon-ing, it will be bigger than the earth. If this seems surprising, one ahould con-aider con-aider the fact that Jupiter is 1230 times as big as the planet on which we dwell, still very hot, and in effect a leaser, partly cooled aun. If a new celestial orb is thus born Into the solar system literally torn out of the body of Jupiter the tremendous cataclysm could hardly fail to affect the aun ia. an alarming way, thereby cool- . ing the earth for a aeriea of years to such an extent that we might have no aummer. at all worth mentioning, while our winters would be so severe as to threaten ua with freexing to death-Why death-Why so? Because an enormous disturbance dis-turbance of the aun'. atmosphere would be created. The ran would beeome much hotter, and in consequence the earth Would .be chilled. It ia a fact fully established thst a hotter aun makea a cooler earth. At all times the ran is surrounded by a vast cloud of what might be called volcanic dust. When the great luminary burns more fiercely than usual the cloud of dust Is more than ordinarily dense, obstructing obstruct-ing the passage of the solar raya, hence the amount of heat delivered upon the earth is less. That is why sun spots make cVol weather on our globe. They are whirling whirl-ing 'storms of fire in the solar atmosphere, atmos-phere, caused, It is supposed, by an np-ruih np-ruih of hot material to the eurface. Thereby the aun la rendered hotter, the enveloping dust doud is thickened and v we get less heat. PriOF. ELLSWORTH HUNTINGTON, of Yale Univeraity, backa this the-tory. the-tory. His idea la that warm winters and coer-eunimers (or vice versa) are due ia eorsMerable measure to the influence of nenr'uy stars upon the atmosphere of the eun particularly that of our nearest neighbor, Alpha Centauri. . Alpha Centauri ia really two suns, seen of them about the sixe of our solar lumirary. It can be plainly seen aa a double" In the southern heavens' with . a rood field glass. Those twin suns revolve re-volve about a common center of grav-- grav-- iiy. When they approach each other in their higUy eccentric orbits, spota on our sun become much more numerous. When they recede from each other, the aun spot, observed by our telescopes become , fewtr. Hitherto nobody has been able to Imagine why there ahould be a breaking out of spots on our sun at regular intervals inter-vals of eleven yean. After such a "sua- ' spot maximum," as astronomers call it, the' spota lessen In number and sixe for several years until the "sun-spot minimum" mini-mum" is reached, whereupon they begin to increase again. . " It fa Alpha Centauri that does It. The mutual approach of Ha twin suns rouses to greater tumult the flaming envelope of our aolar orb, thereby engendering spots L e., cyclonic storms which throw ap clouds ef dust thst Interfere with , the delivery of heat to the earth. ( The twin suns of Alpha Centauri are. In average distance, not mueh farther . . apart than our own solar luminary and ' ' the planet Neptune. Prof. Huntington f . saya that they must keep each other la a stats of slmost Incredible disturbance; : 4 and, inasmuch aa they are relatively near . ' On a clear night the stars present a vast panorama of beauty, and the constellations aa they swing through mighty spaces have been mariners guides and inspiration to poets for ages must have done so thea with tremen-iously tremen-iously augmented power. , GEOLOGISTS ssy thst during the last 800,000 yeare there have been four tlacial periods, after each of wh?h there same a warm spell of enormously Igng lurstion, when the earth's climate was io mild thst tree-ferns, corals aad other ' i The creation of another planet, the offspring of Jupiter, would, scientists point out, chill the earth probably freeza it aiace an enormous disturbance ef the san's atmosphere would be created, the sun become much hotter and tils earth coI&aV . '. It is well known that as Old Sol gets hotter the earth gets colder awrrwM. me. er reMho Lesser, Coauear " |
