Show BINGHAM RANK D AMONG BIG BIC co- co COPPER CAMPS Of 01 The comin coming United States publication of the geological survey CY pertaining t to mineral resources of the United States State for for 1907 1007 contains tho following de do- of tho the copper cam camin camp campIn in part Tho The article is is written by L. L C C. C Grafton and m places far in tb the lead learl of Utah Utah's s 's other copper camps The Bingham or West Mountain dis in mu Salt Lako c county is now no fifth I in the country in point of copper production production pro pro- I having to its cre credit t a 3 smelter I output for 1907 1007 of about I pounds Production was Tras restricted in tho time carl early months b by lack of fuel was hampered ham bam pored throughout the year b by inadequate transportation and ancI finally suffered Buffered a athe at atthe atthe the end nd because of the lo low copper mar mar- hot ket T Two o main types of copper deposits deposit occur in in the camp camp The deposits which have ha up to the pr present sent bare bavo been most productive are ro lar largo large e replacement bodies of heavy ore in in limestone near tho the contact of a porphyry is present in in the tho pyrite and gives gi the tho ore its value ii in n copper The ores are aro mostly r ma massive si o ant and comparatively impervious ious and oxidation with accompanying s secondary con arv enrich enrich- ment mont has proceeded to relatively shallow d depth At present practically nil all tho tIm copper copper cop cop- per from the deposits of this type typo is is dorms derived from the tho primary ore The second eon typo of ore deposit has bas only rec recently been actively exploited but its contribution to tho districts district's t s out out- pu put t in 1907 HlOi was consid considerable rabIe and is tain tam at nn an early carly date greatly to in increase increase in in- crease tho the output of tho the camp These ores are mainly disseminations in fid fiod porphyry of pyrite and either coated or completely replaced by hy secondary an The immense deposit de tle posit bein being worked jointly b by the Utah Copper and the Boston Consolidated Consolidate companies is a disseminated deposit which ap appears ars independent of important fissures and fractures In copper content the ores of oC the tho py Pr py- py replacements of limestone VaT vary greatly reath Many of these bodies are re in places places' too low 10 grade grado rado to be bo worked in entirety and tho the average grade of ore oro mined in n a year is therefore affected by bytho bytho bytho tho price or of copper at nt that time In the case easo of companies that do considerable I custom smelting like the Consolidated Con I and the United States companies com corn panics heavy oro ore that would not I be profitable for its copper content alono can caa be used to a advantage because of its excess in iron The average a recovery of copper in 1907 from all these replacement ores of which about 60 tons were treated was Tras undoubtedly lower than for previous provi OtIS ous years an and was about bout 23 per cent ent thou though h the range of copper was from Irom less than 1 per cent to over 3 per cent an and of precious metals from 6 63 cents to per ton Tho The Jol gold and silver values hare bare considerable help materially ma ma- and the tho len lead ores encountered in in some somo abundance in certain of the mines also aid in re reducing tho the cost of copper production The Tho great dis disseminated em deposits havo hao been estimated es es- es by very extensive sampling to o contain an nn average of between 15 and 2 per cent copper Tho Tue yield from concentrates smelted in In 1907 lOoi representing over tons of ore oro was a about out 12 per cent copper 17 cents gold sold and 5 cents silver per ton or nearly 1 cent in precious metal per pound of copper Tremendous Oro Ore Rc Reserves Reserves well in advance ad of production production tion were maintained by tho the important copper producers Tho The estimated reserves of sulphide ore oro in the Utah Consolidated company's Ili Highland Boy mine were increased increased in in- creased taxing ming the tho year rear from to tons The latest estimate of tonnage in in tIme the porphyry mine of the Boston Consolidated company gives gi CS 68 tons tens developed with an average l copper assay of per cent Gold and silver el recovered recovered- at the mill amount to about 12 cents per ton In the Utah Copper company's portion portion por por- tion of the same ore oro body there is estimated es es- es to be tons of oro ore averaging av av- av era in about 2 per pcr cent copper and 01 ounce silver and ounce gold per ton Of this tonnage third one is fully developed de one third one third partly developed and third one is estimated l on time the basis of a limited amount of development dc There are arc also about tons in inthis inthis this body avern averaging ing about 15 per cent and an additional zone zon of this tenor I lit lit- t. t tIc tle developed but estimated to contain about tons A A. largo large tonnage is reported as developed do in in the tho Ohio Copper company company's a ground Character of ot Deposits The Tho limestone replacement oro ore bodies are commonly large tabular and n moderately inclined They are aro worked mainly bv by bhe the he square set system with or without filling but the hor horizontal slicing system with complete square setting and consequent conse conso- quent shooting of tho the timbers and cain caring caving car car- in ing is employed in the tide United States mmes mines in Bingham as in in Shasta county Cui In the tho Bingham Binsham Consolidated mines some of tho the are aro working by a method of mill holing and caving This caving caring system is is ii also used for certain portions of tho the disseminated deposits de do posits of the Utah Copper company but butis I is to be gradually replaced by steam shovels Ten of these shovels are now at nt work either stripping or extracting ore ore from the deposits of ot the Utah Copper and Boston Consolidated companies A great cat part of the tho timber used in tho the district dis dis- comes conies from Oregon on and is is s sive e Most ost of the tho ore bodies as yet ret explored ex cx- lie within a few hundred bundred feet of the surface Deepest Mine Fuel and Haulage The deepest ore oro known in the district is in the tho Yampa mine where the Crai Craig tunnel cuts the tho lode lodo at nt an inclined depth of 1500 feet The prevalence of deep steep sided canyons allows tunnels to tobe tobe tobo be be- particularly effective o means of opening open open- lag ing the mines With increasing depth of development however some of then the tho n mines nes have havo been forced to sink below tho the lowest tunnel practicable cable I Water is not troublesome at present depths Coal comes mainly from the eastern castern part put of the state and is reasonably cheap but electric power is ISe used to a a i considerable extent A branch of ot tho the I Rio Bio Grando Grande Western railroad connects j the district with the the Salt Lako Lake vale valley whore where most of tho the smelters are situated Tho The Copper Belt Bel railroad and several aerial Opper trains furnish additional local transportation tams A new line ne connecting the tho district with tho the mills mis and smelter at t Garfield was operated in in 1907 but the tho service enie was Tras md the tho Com Companies corn corn- cm build private ate panics panic concerned ma may a pr line European labor is extensively eh employed em em- and tb the tho era a average o wage is is lower cr 10 lower than in many other western camps Work of or Mills Mis and Smelters I L Tho Iho heay hears ores are are- smelted commonly after roasting although h hp p pyrite smelting is practiced to some MUO ex cx tent t. t Tho The disseminated 9 ore oro is is concentrated about 23 to 1 I producing a l concentrate yielding almost 20 per cent The great creat mills of the Utah Copp Copper r and the tho Boston Consolidate companies situated situ situ- atel near the tho Garfield Garfeld smelter were well wel along toward completion at the end of th the year The Utah mill mi was then operating two-thirds two of its is ton plant an and the thc ton mill mm of the Boston Bos Bos' Boston ton Consolidated began concentration in A ton 2000 mill was Tras begun beun b by the mil Ohio copper opper company compan At the Garfeld Garfield smelter which was Tras built bui chiefly to smelt the tho concentrates of this district roasters and ro arc mainly em cm- but in 3 addition a n Huntington and Heberlein pot roasting plant is is in operation sintering part of the tho concentrates concentrates concen concen- for treatment in blast furnaces The Time capacity of the Garfield plant is is b being be being in ing much increased The Yampa com corn pany a added ed converters rs to its smelter at Bingham At tho Murray uray works of the American merican Smelting and Refining company company com pan pany considerable copper was recovered in 1 matte mate from tho the lead furnaces |