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Show I THE R I.I.KTIN. BINGHAM CANYON, UTAH Harry Truman's Life Story Proves Again 'Cabin-to-Whit- e House' Road Is Still Open President Advanced From County Offices To Head of Nation By Elliott Pine Released by Western Newspaper Union. Forty years ago Harry Tru-man was plowing behind a mule on a Missouri farm. To-- ! day he is in the White House, in many ways the most power-ful man in the world. The new president was born in Lamar, Mo., May 8, 1884. Four years later his parents, John Ander-- 1 son and Martha Young Truman, re-turned to Jackson county, 125 miles north, which was the ancestral home of both. Harry grew up on the 600-ncr- e family farm in Jackson county near Grandview. His mother, still alive at 92, remarked reminis-centl- y last fall when he was elected to the vice presidency: "That boy could plow the straight-es- t row of corn in the county. He could sow wheat so there wouldn't be a bare spot In the whole field. He was a farmer who could do any-thing there was to do just a little bit better than anyone else." During his grade and high school days Harry distinguished himself by his scholarship. He was an omnivorous reader, an earnest stu-de-of everything. When he eradu- - with only 7,000 votes to spare, he won the election by a wide margin. Soon after resuming his seat he be-- i came interested in reports of ex-- ! travagance in construction of army camps. Truman requested funds to set up an investigating committee, with himself as chairman. Within a few months the committee un-- I covered widespread waste, exces-sive purchasing, profiteering and in-efficiency in military contracts. In the first report the committee at-- j tacked "needless waste" amounting to $100,000,000 in the army's can-tonment construction program. Plenty to Investigate. Complaints poured into the com-- ! mittee's headquarters. One con-cerned inferior steel plate in naval construction an investigation dis-closed a serious situation, which was corrected. The committee brought about a reversal of policy when housewives complained about a shortage of sugar for canning. Thirty-on- e reports were issued all unanimous on the part of the six Democratic and four Republican members. The committee was in-strumental in consolidating the vari-ous and conflicting war agencies Into the War Production board. It helped to end bottlenecks in syn-thetic rubber and aluminum produc-tion. It advocated subcontracting to small war plants. "The thing to do is dig this stuff up now and correct it," Truman declared. "If we run this war nroc-ra- efficiently HUES. HAKRY S. TRUMAN sional speeches and assisted in party organization work. The young man's integrity and energy were effective and he was placed on the ticket for county judge in Jackson county. Truman won, and discharged his duties well during his two-ye- ar term, 1922-2- 4. He was defeated in his try for reelection, how-ever, the only political setback In his career. (The office of county judge in Missouri corre-sponds to county superintendent there won't be any opportunity for some one to undertake a lot of Investigations after the war and cause a wave of revulsion that will start this country on the downhill road to unprepared-ness- , and put us in another war in 20 years." These famous investigations put the "Truman committee" in the headlines time and again. Senator Truman grew into a national figure. President Roosevelt took increas- - aKlHaJ ated in 1901, he hoped to go to col-lege, but, although his father was known as the "best horse and mule trader in the county," family finances would not permit any more education for the eager youth. He won an appointment to West Point, but was rejected for weak eyesight. Harry decided to make his for-tune in nearby Kansas City. After a few years at small jobs drug clerk, bundle wrapper on the Kan-sas City Star, bank clerk, timekeep-er on a railroad gang he went back to the family farm at his grandmother's invitation. Went to War. For the next few years working the big farm took all Harry's time. Then in 1917, he volunteered for the army, and soon became a lieuten-ant of field artillery. While in train-ing camp he organized a canteen for the men. and took care of them in many other ways. Later he rose to a captaincy, and led his com- - pany in hard fighting in Saint Mihiel and the Argonne campaigns. On the boat home Harry was commis-sioned a major. Soon after returning to Missouri, he married his childhood sweet-heart, Elizabeth (Bess) Wallace, granddaughter of the first mayor of Independence, Mo. The ceremony took place in the Episcopal church, Mrs. Truman's sect. In 1919 Truman decided to go into business, so he entered partnership with a man whom he met in army life, and established a haberdash-ery store in Kansas City. Harry invested his entire fortune, amount-ing to about $15,000. At first the business prospered but the sharp recession of 1921 brought disaster. Truman did not go into bankruptcy, hilt fhncf in nnv nff hie Hohtc ae in other states.) Truman studied law at night during his term of office, and gained admittance to the bar. Then in 1926 he was elected presiding judge of Jackson county which includes Kan-sas City, and environs. Handled 60 Million Dollars. "I had charge of the spending of $60,000,000 for highways and public buildings," Truman said later. "Nobody ever found anything wrong with that, and it wasn't because they didn't look, either. We built more miles of paved roads in Jack-son county than in any other county in the country, with only two ex-ceptions." Truman was repeatedly reelected to this office until 1934. He had sought the nomination for governor in 1930, and for county collector in 1932, but party heads advised him to wait a little longer. Then in 1934 came the big chance. Pendergast put Truman on the ticket for the U. S. senate. This was not such a favor as it might seem, for Pender-gast did not expect victory in that year. By a peculiar stroke of luck, however, the opposition was divided between two strong candidates, and Truman's own popularity sufficed to win him a seat in the august upper house. During his first term Tru-man remained somewhat obscure, making few speeches, and in gen-eral following the lead of Mis-souri's senior senator, Bennett Clark. With few exceptions, Senator Tru-man supported the party program. He voted for the original agricul-tural adjustment act, the Wagner labor act, social security, the Ten-nessee valley authority, and the joining of the World court. In his second year he voted for the Florida Ship canal and Passamaauoddv dam The President's mother, Mrs. Martha E. Truman, now 92, still lives in Independence, Mo. ing interest in him. So did Robert Hannegan, national Democratic chairman, who knew Truman in Kansas City. When the dust settled at the convention in Chicago last summer, Harry S. Truman found himself nominated as vice president. Victory at the polls in November thrust him into the second highest office in the land. As vice president Truman had less opportunity to act independently than while in the senate, since as presiding officer of the upper house h rAltlH not talra cMoc no nftan well as he could. In 1934, when elected to the U. S. senate, he was still meeting old bills. Somewhat accidentally, he got into politics. An army acquaintance who was a nephew of Thomas Pen-dergast, then Democratic leader in Kansas City, suggested Harry Tru-man for some small position. The astute Pendergast, discovering that Truman was well known and liked, had the backing of the American Legion, and was anxious for a new career, appointed him a road super- - visor. In return Harry made occa- - project. The only measure he op-posed was the President's veto of the bonus payments. In 1938 and '39 he supported preparedness appropriations and lend-leas- e. He was chairman of a subcommittee that investi-gated railroad finance, leading to the Transportation Act of 1940. His work in drafting the Civil Aeronautics authority was outstanding for thoroughness and practicality. In 1940, after squeaking through the Democratic nomination battle he wished to do. Unlike his prede-cessor, Wallace, he did not travel abroad on any special missions for the President, but remained in Washington close to affairs of state. Shrewd, Practical Man. The new President is considered a shrewd and practical man, a middle-of-- the-road liberal, with an abili-ty to get along with conflicting fac-tions and to compromise when necessary. Capital observers think he will rise to the demands of the enormous task ahead as have other vice presidents suddenly called to vast responsibilities. Personally, the new President is a modest-appearin- g man of al-most 61. He stands 5 feet, 10 inches tall, weighs about 170 pounds, and is trim and well proportioned. Until they entered the White House, he and Mrs. Truman lived in a five- - room apartment. They had no house - servants, as Mrs. Truman, Who has been her husband's secre-tary for years, also preferred to take care of the apartment herself. The Truman's only child, Mary Margaret, is studying at George Washington university. She is 21, and a junior. Her hopes are for a career in music. All his life President Truman has been a "joiner." Even as a child he often attended the Presbyterian Sunday school, although he is a Baptist. In youth he enlisted in the National Guard, and stayed in serv-ice for a dozen years until 1917. His fraternal connections include the Elks, the Masons (he was state Grand Master for Missouri in 1940-41- ) and the Anah Templars. ,, aVHKnKKiwJMP sBswuK jaVg.,:'?ii 'JSr v TMiTHTBiMr' jiWrrfirrirfe,'''! iImI iHBflV oH6Si i.j,ifdpjHteBiiA tajinMgHr .4, WEMECoaBHBlirF: nl J.rlfc.SLv ; ' JkS "''v-- ' '1nB.hyllWr.j'B Mrs. Bess Truman and her daughter, Mary Margaret, relax in their Washington apartment. 'Five Freedoms' Designed T J To Spur World Air Travel JSaL Differences Between American Traditions Wm'Ib Of Free Flight and European Concepts 1IJPI Of Regulation Composed at Parley. HhSI By BAUKHAGE Veti Analyst and Commenttitor. IVNU Service, Union Trust Building, Washington, D. C. (This is the second of a itftei of articles on the "Freedom of the Air," first of u hirh aiiirnreti in this col-umn lust tveek.) In a previous column I set forth the achievements of the conference on international aviation, imple-mentation of which It Is hoped will be reached by a second gathering In May, probably before the United Nations deliberations at San Fran-cisco have been concluded. I set forth certain views on the accom-plishments of the first aviation gathering, as expressed by Lt. Col. William Mitchell of the army air force, which, although they were his own and not the official opinions of the government, were known to represent the attitude of a number of high air force officials. I think that the satisfaction ex- - stabilized economy, to be parcelled out among those participating in it, plus a fear of explosive Internation-al rivalries. Canada's position pos-sibly reflected British desires, plus a fear of being crowded out by its more powerful neighbor under a system of unrestricted competi-tion. "The United States was seeking an opportunity for free commercial intercourse between nations, with resulting benefits to all of them,; the other two countries (Britain and Canada) were seeking protection against cut-thro- competition and international mistrust." Reducing these different points of view to specific operational plans, boiled down largely to whether or not a global authority would be set up which would govern the location Of international routes, regulate the "frequencies" (number of flights or j stops, which is where the competi- - lion rompc Inl nnH r.itnc In fnrt pressed by Colonel Mitchell, In what has already been accomplished to-ward establishing the "freedom of the air," reflects the general feel-ings of the industry. Although the point was not expressly brought out in the comment in military cir-cles, I believe the one thing which pleased the industry was the fact that a conference, supervised as lt was by government official (then Assistant Secretary of State Adolph Berle), had built a framework with-in which private enterprise and busi-ness and technical ingenuity could be rewarded and not "fenced In" by restrictive bureaucratic regula-tion. Freedoms Essential To V. S. Flight You will recall that the deletrntes recognized the fact that "freedom of the air" was not as simple a thing as "freedom of the seas." because vessels stop at frontiers since shin lanes lead only from harbor to har bor, while aircraft crosses borders and passes over the sovereign terri-tory of foreign nations. Thus it was necessary to divide the perquisites of the airways into five freedoms. The first two are the right of Innocent passage? right to fly over a country, and the right to land for non-traffi- c purposes that is to stop at a foreign airport for re-fuelling or other facilities. These two are essential to America since our aerial ambitions encircle the globe, and that can't be done, either from a practical or a profitable standpoint, In one Jump. Because of complications which I will mention later, Involved in the other freedoms, the first two were grouped In one form of multilateral agreement drawn up at Chicago. this central authority as the Brit-ish viewed it would have even more authority over internal air activity than our own Civil Aeronautics board, which cannot limit frequen-cies at home. In our domestic serv-ices a line may make as many flights as it can get a pay-loa- d for. The United States on the other hand wanted everything except transit and non-traff- stops worked out separately between the countries concerned. In other words, the United States felt that if an airplane company could offer more to a patron, re-gardless of where he wanted to get aboard or get off, that company ought to have the right to try to show to the country where the get-ting on and off would take place, that it was mutually advantageous to let that particular line have the business. Agreements Reached On Technical Norms There were other questions con-cerning technical standards and the future admission of devastated countries unable to furnish facili-ties for airports, that were settled, and the mooted points mentioned, all of which were met with what might be called substantial agree-ment. Both forms of agreement (one with the first two freedoms, the other all five) provided that the country whose territory is involved may designate the routes and air-ports used; but charges for use of airports may not be greater than those imposed on its own airports engaged in similar international services. In addition to these agreements the diagram for the international or-ganization was laid down in the f t f4 A t i . . UlllCl MM CC w ccuuuio, cm- - braced In the second agreement, were described as follows: the right to disembark passengers, mall and freight from the country of origin of the aircraft; the right to embark passengers, mail and freight des-tined for the country of origin of the aircraft; and, in addition, at the sug-gestion of Canada, a fifth freedom was added in the form of certain provisions of right of entry and tech-nical regulations. Of course. Russia's last-minut- e re-fusal to attend the Chicago confer-ence was a great disappointment to all concerned, but the reconciliation of what appeared at first to be a sharp difference between the United Kingdom and the United States, finally reconciled through the "h.m-es- t broker" efforts of Canada, was considered a great achievement. Hope exists that a successful out-come of the United Nations negoti-ations will bring the Soviets into the fold. The clash between the British and the American viewpoints is de-scribed this way by one of the American observers at the confer-ence who has been working steadily for the consummation of the Chi-cago plans: "In the United States," he said, "we have always looked upon air transport primarily as an instru-ment of trade. We are still a young country with an expanding and high-ly competitive economy and with no bitter memories of recent bomb-ings of our homeland. The British viewpoint, which was shared to some degree by many European countries, reflected a mature and ..I,, mi u uiaij niiik.ii uiiiai a J proved by the various countries. This organization is composed of an assembly, on which each nation would have one vote, and a coun-cil of 15 members, 2 from the Brit-ish Commonwealth, 2 from the Soviet Union, 2 from the United States, 1 each from Brazil, Chile and France, and the remaining 6 to be elected on a regional basis. The council would act as a clear-ing house for information and would provide minimum uniform technical standards but would have no power over commercial matters. An in-terim council was also proposed, to function until the permanent or-ganization is created, but not more than three years. America has a great stake in the outcome of the San Francisco con-ference. It has a great stake in in-ternational aviation, too. "We have learned and must not forget," said General Arnold in speaking ol the air transport service, "from now on air transport is an essential of air power, in fact of all national power." Thirteen out of every 20 American high school students expect to leave their home towns and live else-where, after they have completed their education. This is revealed in a nation-wid- e survey just completed by the Institute of Student Opinion under the sponsorship of Scholas-tic magazine. Better job opportunities else-wher-either in general or in thou chosen fields of work, is the main reason for leaving, according to the student voters. CLASSlFl AUTOS. TRl-- HOME FUBNlMnyJ Free Catalog STAMPriTT VVrite WKSTF.kn ARf'w0g MUSIC AL I N STRciB Will BUT. SFI .!,7rnnp merits. Expert rep ,nB Co- - M East lit ,"$H Ofllee rurnlture,l)FlleNT,!5B Ing Machines. Safes ! SALT LAKE DKSK Etnfl POULTRY, (HI(KTi WHITE LEGHORN INSURE your poultry pure top ranking, monv'I of Leghorn clucks lutcSdh hens. 2 to 6 years 5 $14.00: pullet chicks V through M.iy. j,mc. count We ' pay expre,Si experience. 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' Compound heus natitu-- the best known ntedldM" purpose. Follow label 24 hours evei 'WfAuJS week, never itoppmc, ".VTH waste matter (rum Us aZjM It more peoplo were tv,JM g kldneya must eonstanuy plus fluid, excess acids w"jm mailer that cannot stM im without injury to heal", jm be better understand" H whole system is upset snm - to function properly. Burning, scanty or teo nw tlon sometimes warns u3 la wrong. You may jH ache, headaches, i"-?l-pains, getting up at n!JV(,! Why not try fsB he using a mcdlrins r,n)M country over. Doon sow h tion of tha kidneys flush out poisonous JK4 blood. They contain WjJBM Get DoanS today. W At all drug storesB Notes o o Newspaperman: Letter to Woodrow Wilson from Franklin D. Roosevelt: "My dear Mr. President: I entirely forgot on Sunday evening to speak to you of personal matter which might come up during my absence-t-he question of my nomination for the Governor-ship of New York. I have tried in it, but some of every way to stop your friends and mine have talked of the possibility of forcing this while I am away, and of asking you to encourage me to accept it. "I sincerely hope the matter will not come up. I have made my posi-tion entirely clear that my duty lies in my present work not only my duty to you and the country, but to myself. If I were at any time to leave the Assistant Secretaryship it could only be for active service. "Furthermore, may I say that I am very certain that it would be a grave mistake for either you or any member of the Administration to ask that I give up war work for what is frankly very much of a po-litical job in these times. I cannot accept such a nomination at this time with honesty or honor to my-self. I think I have put off all dan- - ger of it, but in case you are to, I want you to know what I feel and I know too that you will understand and that you will not listen to the appeal." Regardless of what you have heard and read. FDR never wanted 3rd Term. ... A few months before his 2nd Term was about to end, Mrs. Roosevelt invited kin of Ed Flynn to spend a night in the White House. She especially wanted their two tots to sleep there "so that they never will forget the thrill of lt." . . . "Considering the people (we do not really know) who have been here," she said in effect, "I want the chil-dren to be with us for a night and this positively is their very, very last chance!" After a press conference in his White House office a reporter told the President of a story that had come in the mail. Did he mind its publication? . . . "It was at the Gridiron Dinner," said FDR. "You'd better clear it with some of the boys who were there." ... A famed Re-publican Senator, it appears, was teasing FDR about his "lucky In-augural suit." . . "If you run for a third term," heckled the Senator, "let me borrow that suit, and I'll run against you and win!" . . . FDR told him he couldn't let him borrow his "lucky" suit . . "Be-cause I may need it myself!" "You mean," was the retort, "that you ARE going to run again?" "I mean," said Mr. Roosevelt wearily, "that I may need it my-self. I do not consider it my In-augural suit. It Is my funeral suit." Another of the favorite FDR sto-ries deals with the White House visi-tor who remarked: "Mr. President, how In the world did you acquire such patience with all the bores you meet in a day?" FDR grimly replied: "You ac-quire patience after you've spent two years learning how to wiggle your big toe again." Men who were trusted by Presi-dent Roosevelt were never frisked when they were admitted to FDR's office. The Secret Servicemen knew his friends, of course. . . . One new-ly appointed agent, however, took no chances. ... A newspaper man he had never seen before (and who hadn't held his White House pass high enough for the agent to see) was suddenly jerked out of the crowd swiftly marching In for the press confab. The newspaper man 'when he got his bearings again) was irked no end. . . . Later, alone with the President, he kidded about It. "I thought everybody down here." he said, "knew who was on your team!" . . "Well," replied the President, "it is comforting to know that the boys are careful." "Not so careful," said the visitor, displaying a loaded pistol. Among one reporter's thrills wa hearing him guffaw. When the gag was funny he would howl. The vaudeville comics would call it "a belly laugh." ... The reporter thinks, too. he is one of the few who ever saw him weep a happened when Lambert-so-and others were criticizing the war records of his sons. Mr Roosevelt was miserable about a letter that came (that morning) from one of them. It concluded- Pop, sometimes I really hope one of us gets killed so that maybe hey 11 stop picking on the rest of the family!" When he FDR s lower lip started to quiver and the tears came. This Republic is governed by the wiU of the people. That expressed will has been interrupted by the will Roosevei?1 PaSSinB ' PreSide" Now, President Truman, the due constitutional choice of the Amer-ican people, is entitled to the fullest toyalty and cooperation as Com mander in Chief This is not a time for slackenins "f effort. On the contrary, this new unexpected and griev, ,s cha.leng, ,fnenCan PePle is chal ienge Democracy itself New Tirst Lady' Doesn't Like the Spotlight Mary Margaret Truman, new "princess" of Washington, is tall, blonde, 21, and a junior at George Washington U. She is a popular member of Pi Beta Phi sorority, and is active in college musical Her soprano voice has been heard in summer productions of the Denver Opera company. She is majoring in voice, and hopes for a concert career. It's more than possible that Margaret may be the first White House bride since Wood-ro- Wilson's day The new First Lady, Bess Wallace Truman, has a retiring disposition, although she has been associated with her husband in public life for more than 20 years. Much of this time she has been his secretary and adviser, listening to his speeches, answering his mail, and doing other important duties. Nevertheless, she has no personal desire to make any speeches, or to take any active part In politics. When she was married 25 years ago in the Trinity Episcopal church of Independence, Mn., she "thought and hoped that she was settling down to keeping house and doing church work in her home town." The new mistress of the White House prefers to wear blue, as have several other First Ladies. It goes well with her blue eyes and gray hair. But she is not particularly In-terested in clothes. Her hobby is reading. Dickens and Scott are fa- - vorite authors. BARBS . . . by Baukhage Keep cool enough metal has been released by the WPB to make 25,000 electric fans this quarter. t The OWI releases the following figures op Japanese naval strength: Total ft .i iel: 850,000 afloat and ashore; lossew, 262,000, including 25,-00- 0 naval air forces. The Jap sailor is rated as a good fighter, and trained. Nazis have been ordered to knock out the teeth of rumor-monger-a A report from Switzerland says that an anti-Naz- i youth gang sabotaged the demolition charges ir the Remagen bridge. Heinncr, Himmler has issued a warning against thess gioups which he says are sometimes led by lorcigr adults. |