| Show 11 i I I I 1 REVIVING A OREAT CANAL PROJECT I I i I I I t 0 I j I M I V i I A National I Water Highway From 6 I I I 111 i I I l The Mississippi to the Atl antice It I 1 fl r SENATOR I THURSTONS PLAN III I L i 1 I 1 r i It Is Proposed to Invest Postal Savings III I It I Bank Funds In Interest Bear I l i ing Canal Bonds It i I l i lf It Irl q OmBha Jan 4Senator John M I I ft I Thurston says he has n proposition to i a 11 make for the disposal I of the postal onto I Inv funds It a postal bank bill should I If I I c through Congress The reinvestment T ot the deposits is the mumbling I block In I the path ot the billhit suya To In vas t the money In our Interest bearing i I bonds in I at best only 11 temporar cx pedlent Mr Thornton Wants the money 1 I put Into a great system ot Internal imF t qrPI115 im-F y t t 4199 n t 2 44011 11 i m4f 1i 4 0 4 qL44 I t 1 111 4T k iN I I 1 1 I 1 J J 4 Z M7 I 0 j Ip I Uri I ri < 1 M 1 Ilt1 k I I Ilt1iU I Y F NIII zl P I ri1 1 I I 11 I 11 1 I 11 X I I SENATOR JOHN HI THUrtSTON 11 II i Ii itovementa which will give I the com I fit nerce of the west a atcrnay from i q the < Mississippi river to the Atlantic II aboard 11 I f iMr Thurston would revive the lien nepln canal project But ho would go 4 farther than the advocates of that ca I i Hal Their wanted the government to I I appropriate fill 000000 or S000000 for a ot canal from llennepln on the Illinois I m II river to some point west or northwest ot It bar the Mississippi for the widening I widen-ing of the Illinois river and for the enlarging I J en-larging of the Illinois and Michigan canal Ilf ca-nal which was constructed by the 11 1 i stale of Illinois In the first halt ot the I ti century Mr Thurstdn wants a canal I IIN from the Mississippi river deep enough t and ulde enough to aceommodate u I I J Vii I JjAKE 11 1 11 I SumMorl 4 r I 7 1 III I 11V4 01 1 IT 1 I 1 1 I 11 1 0 I 4 t I 11 1 0 I P I I I 61 4 4 6Z sit V 4 1 I e or e I 11 I 1 f t I I to c K r q I I t 4 i Ion a 4 Too I I M I I 0I I a I I II M i I T I TI i a 0 I I 1 k o il 0La I all iiii i 1 1 La II i 7 1 i Wt Z 0 A 1 = 1 X 1 1 1 1 02 = I I v I AF X 0 7 14 r < I I 11 4o 14 0 I ft tjwel a 1 4 11 I If I 1 111iil aIN 17 V J I I I I S DETROIT or Y t I 11 I t 40 1110i i V111 11 ODAILIM I 0 ff 4101 lr r l P 1 1 W X 1 r ql 0 N 0 < cr F i V 1 I i 14I I 1 ship of war Ho wants the river still I canal channels east ot I1nneln made I I I eiiually wide and del and ho wants a chip canal upencd horn Lake Krio I to the Atlantic either by tho widening ot the Hlle I canal or by the opening of a I t Canal 10 cross Lake Champl ln on tho I line surveyed a year ago by a govern anent commission TIe use of this canal would be the cheapening of > transportation rata on the farm and range products of tire west to points of consumption and exPOrt ex-POrt In tho east and on the manufactures manufac-tures and Imports of the cast to the western states There Is no doubt in my mind said the senator In conversation with me a few days ago that the government ho got to undertake some day n scheme ot Improvements > which will give work to tho unemployed Thero Is no ronsidef Ill a number ot men out of work nowthai Is ot those who want empovmentbut during the three years lit depreRlon I have no doubt there wa nn average at a nllllo moa out ot employment Labor leaders at times estimated the number at 2000 000 and at 8009dQO I believe It would have been better for the great mass o the people It the government had found employment for these men Tho com munlty had < to support them In someway some-way Every Idle man Is a tax on the man who Is working And lack of work creates discontent which stirs up 1 revolutionary feeling The scheme ot Improvements I think will toke the form of a system of waterways which will cheapen transportation trans-portation and keep the rates ot the mil roads down to a reasonable figure The canals ot New York have done a won drful 1Iorl In the regulation ot transportation portatlon rates In that state When tho llennepln canal project uns last discussed dis-cussed It was shown that on roads run nlng east from Chicago In competition with the water routes the freight rates were only onhalt the rates on road 9 running northwest which had no water competition Ot course the enormous traffic ot 1M eastpound road accounted account-ed for this in part but the lakes and canal sere responsible far much ot It The experience of the lake carriers has shown that water raton can be cheapened greatly by using the largest carriers Therefore I say that If the government undertakes the construction of a anal between the Mississippi and the great lakes It ought to make a complete com-plete job ot It by affording a channel l which will accommodate the largest ships I > o you think this an opportune time for carrying out such a plan I asked 1 In view 6t the toJItlon ot oUt I Finances perhaps not unless the postal bank lvv should He passed l But these I thl a go tire not done In a day They f r uo must Ile discussed by the I people What must bo done at first Is I to opprlat I the money for a complete survey ot tM pr6pI route ulth an estimate or the cost so that the Ieplewlll have same thing concrete to consider Do you think Such a anal could bo nlOdo profit lo I have no doubt that tt Could nut suppose that It lid not prove direCtly prontable It us spend OOQOOOOO on a alrwnysytm illicit 1111 eave the people ot the whole country onehlt 01 whBt they t are Paying for transports lion It would be n good Investment It It never paid directly a cent I suggested that onehalt the alDount paid for transportation by the people j CALL tJA 11 I A i 11 1 II gr 0 I I 0 V 4 177 1A J0 r1 IL I Iiiii I I lI CLINTON It I 11 11 004 4 C It I 11 0 I I W 11iI I t i S I 1J I M I I I I ii1l il111 11 i I 71 in 74 I ROCK I A q w an lie A 151 a 6 I 0PRINCErO I I FOWAP 5 SIV A 1f EP A 14 ALEDO Zi JrrA I I 1 11 1 I J 1 JJ 01 J I i I THE CANAL ROUTE WEST OF CHICAGO of the United States according to the Interstate commerce report was about 000000 Of course I dont mean literally one half said the senator Suppose It saved 10 per cent of the amount That would be 16 per cent on the amount Invented In-vented In the aterwas system There has not been very much said about canals ca-nals In recent ears because the railroad rail-road In competition with them have got their rates so low that they soot tho canal out Suppose that result followed the building of a great ship canal from the Mississippi by way of the great lakes to the Atlantic It the canal never carried another pound ot freight It would have accomplished Its purpose THE WATERWAY EAST OP CHICAGO II Do you think the railroads are prepared pre-pared to stand such a reduction as you suggest is possible Jot In their present condition But the Interests of the railroads have got = fire to give way before the InicrrBts of the people Where the good of all the PCO pM is I Concerned We cannot KtOpto consider con-sider how the Interests of railroad I stockholders are affected New Inven tlon are constantly making manatee turlni cheaper but we cant stop to toke Into account the man who owns the old machinery who may be ruined by the new Railroad Interests would softer tram the building ot a great ship canal but there must bn In time a reo organlznUon of railroad properties In this country Almost every railroad In the United State Is I overcapitalized I 1 The average would probably be 1 50 percent per-cent That Is the Blocks and bonds of I the railroads represent CO per cent more than i the actual cost of the road In some cases they represent a great deal I more than that This Is especially true or western roads Why Because It u as an easy way for the men who built those roado to make money The Increase In-crease was not entirely Indefensible Take the came ot a man who built a road out on the prairie following the railroad came a boom In values Real estate went up to two Unit < three times Its former price other value advanced ad-vanced proportionately It Was onlY natural that f the owner ot the railroad rail-road should Increase the estimate of the value ot his property 9n the same scale In that way In the many Nsays known to the promoters ot railroad an terprlse1 stocks were watered and Values Val-ues must bo scaled down Railroads must be prepared to earn a fair return on their value only 11 I 04 0 1 rl P I e C 01 I g I M7 11 0 jIll III I 1 r Z = t 1 i V I I ONIIA1110 II I I 11 11 bl a 111 Z1tMTLjr t ti A A 1P I laEoj liA 0 It I M T j 4 9 ITTI HAJ1ISBV Tvtt ON ATLANTIC 17 rr 4 i OCEAN PHI LPIII r I to the ockhold rs I stated somo < lime ago In ngress the belief that rail I road stockholders would be better protected 1 pro-tected if the government undertook ab solutely the regulation ot rates Sam I people sold they thought that a remarkable remark-able position to be taken by II man v ho had been for so long a time the solicitor for a great railroad But I said to them that for that very reason I knew whereof where-of I spoke The vorst enemy of the stockholders of a railroad today to l the traffic manager Even unde pooling I and trnfllc agreements he pursues tha 1 cutthroat policy which has proved SJ ruinous to railroad properties His only object Is I to get business I asked the senator 11i he did not ta3 lIeve cities like St Louis would gutter from the division ot tragIc to Chicago I think not he said It would simply make the railroads running eat from St Louis reduce their rates to a point where they could hold the business busi-ness It would be a little hard on the railroads perhaps but It would not hurt St Louis rtn teOt I I asked the senator why the water route by way ot the Mississippi and the gulf did not keep down rates on export products < Jecause the business naturally follows fol-lows the cast and uest rout and always al-ways will he said No considerable i part ot our 1 exports ever ha I gone or ever wjll go by way of tithe e gulf No ti-the natural and accustomed rom Is J to the Atlantic seaboard OWD 0 Ta Talo 1 to Gy C M 0 is I t A I up pll fl I Ot 4 M Rni i What particular route do you favor for the great canal I should say that In the east the best route for safety would be the one farthest from the Canadian line In the west I am disposed favor the route which reaches the Mississippi most directly from Chicago Do you think the system will ever extend west of the Mississippi Not In your day or mine It may tallow tal-low the course ot some ono ot the rivers if Iowa for a short distance But ont In our direction the riseIs too abrupt and the locks would have I to be too close together to-gether As to the Missouri river It Is quite Impossible for navigation Some of our people talk at times ot making It available for bursts but that In vain dream fly the way the condition ot the Mississippi alarms me sold the sons ator The Jetty system < I son-s proving nitrated failure and It Is del n-itrated very clearly that the levees are raising the bed of the river I was In New Orleans Or-leans on the day of the highest water during the last overflow They told me that the levees which protect the city of New Orleans were three times as high as they used to be but the river was brimming and I saw the water trickling In over the floor ot a house at the end of tho levee so that they had < to get sandbags and protect It from without I could not undertake to propose or approve any new scheme of Improvement for the river I but certainly I cer-tainly I the present system Is a failure Mr Thurston has eminent authority for his advocacy of the canal system John C Calhoun In 1845 presided over a waterways convention which declared that the project of connecting the Mississippi river with the lakes of the north by a canal and this with the Atlantic At-lantic ocean Is a measure worthy ot the enlightened consideration ot com grss Grant approved tire canal project proj-ect So did Arthur President Monroe In ono ot his message to congress salll 2t the general scheme ot waterways When we consider the vat extent ot territory In the United States the great amount and value at its productions the connection 01 Its ports and other circumstances on which their prosperity prosperi-ty and happiness depend we cannot fall to entertain a high sense ot the advantage ad-vantage to bo derived from the talllty which may be afforded In the Intercourse Inter-course Deevveen them by menu ot good road and canals Never did a country at such vast extent offer equal Inducements Induce-ments to Improvement of this kind nor l ever were consequences at such magnl tulle Involv1 In them The consequences at the present time Mr Thurston estimates at W 000000 to f 100 000 000 a year that is possibly twofirths ot the present cost of running the whole government The Hennepln canal project received serious consideration several time nt the hands < of congresi More than ten scars ago the state of Illinois offered to the government the 3000000 state canal between Lake Michigan and the lUlpols river on condition that It should be wldfned and connected by way ct bea Illinois river with the MI > sl > slpDl The distance from Heincpln to the Mississippi by the proposed canal I was 61 miles while by way of the mouth ot the Illlnoli I the same point on the Mississippi Mis-sissippi was 40S miles away But con gross attef having elaborate surveys and estimates made let the project goby go-by default 610 point or difference was the choice at 11 western terminus for the canal and that difference would arise again Three route were propo i ed The cheapest and most satisfactory from an engineering view point WM the Marali Osier or Meredosll rout terminating a1 Albany seven miles above Rock Island Another route terminated ter-minated at Wntcrtovvn 21 miles above Albany and the third nt Rock Wand General Newton and becretary Endicott favored tho nock Island route largely on account ot the arsenal there and the consequent Importance ot the canal In time ot war The local Interests represented repre-sented by the three termini supplicated congress for years and their failure to agree no doubt had much to do with the defeat ot tho canal I bill GEORGE ORANTHAM DAIN I I 11I I 11 N I I k J tia 14 I d I I s 171 A Z W nn > 1 11I GIII i I a 4 zw I 1 J I ll ll I OLIEJ 2 i Self Reliance Henry Ward Beecher used to tell this tory of the way In which his teacher of mathematics taught him to depend upon himself I was sent to the blackboard and went uncertain full ot whimpering That lesson must be learned said my teacher In a very quiet tone but with a terrible Intensity All explanations explana-tions and exeusei he trod underfoot with utter scornfulness 11 want that problem I dont want any reasons why you havent he would say 7 did study It two hours Thats nothing to me I want tho lesson You need not study It at all or you may study It ten hours Just to suit yourself I want the lesson It was tough for a green boj but It sensoned me In less titan a month I bad the mot Intense sense of Intellectual Intel-lectual Independence and courage to defend my recitations One day his cold calm voice fell upon mo In the midst ot a demonstration demonstra-tion No I1 I hesitated and then nent back to the beginning and on reaching the same point again No uttered In a tone of convlct n barred my progress The next And I sat down In red confusion He too was stopped with Nol but went right on finished and as he sat down was rewarded with Very well Why whimpered I 11 recited It Just as he did and you said Not Why didnt you say Yes and stick to 117 It Is not enough to know your lesson You must know that you know It You have learned nothing till you are sure If all the world nays No1 I jour business Is to say Yes and prove It |
