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Show THE BULLETIN, BINGHAM CANYON, UTAH I Merchant Marine Academy HBBHH Develops Fighting Officers BSRjl Upper: Graduating regimental commander, Will. ml B. Kitchen and other cadet officers salute as taps is blown In honor of former cadet- - j midshipmen lost or missing In action. Left: Training vessel, Emery Rice, under full sail. Right: Cadet-midshipm- taking observations for longitude during training cruise. Combat Training Is Part of Extensive Cadet Requirement TpHE nation's newest service academy sends its undergradu-ates to sea as part of their normal course of training. During war, they go to sea just the same, consequent-ly, they're participants in sea war-fare. They've withstood torpedoes, bombings, strafing, coast artillery, and fire from enemy raiders. They've performed heroic acts under fire which would do credit to battle-experience- d veterans. n in the United States merchant marine cadet corps have participated in every landing and invasion operation of the war and have reflected creditably upon the cadet corps while serving aboard merchant vessels. Seven have won distinguished service medals; more than 600 have been forced to abandon ship as a result of enemy action; more than 150 have been killed in action; many have been credited with saving lives of shipmates and others have spent as many as 40 days in life- - boats. The United States merchant ma-rine cadet corps includes the U. S. merchant marine academy, Kings Point, L. I.; a basic school at San Mateo, Calif.; one at Pass Chris-tian, Miss.; and a revolving group of 2,600 to 3,000 n serving at sea at all times. Upon ad- - from easy in order to live up to the creed, "... Got to make sure that no boy's ghost will ever say, 'If your training program had only done its job.' . . ." Because of the sea duty require-ments, every cadet - midshipman at Kings Point actually is a vet-eran of sea warfare and many wear war-zon- e ribbons indicating service around the world. Among several n who participated in the invasion of France were Louie B. Wood Jr., of Atlanta, Ga., and John F. Steed-le- y Jr. of Tallahassee, Fla., who witnessed all the fire and action of American warships and planes and our vicinity. One had our number on it and struck the ship squarely in No. five hold, killing seven sol- - diers of the stevedore crew and a merchant seaman." Steedley was busy helping to man an antiaircraft gun on the bridge, and Wood was assisting to extinguish a fire on deck. When the fire was out, Wood went below to help remove the dead men from the hold. "The concussion had ripped large holes in both sides and the bottom of the ship, and she settled fast, the stern resting on the bottom in seven fathoms of water," he re-counts. The order to abandon ship was given after as much gear as pos-sible had been removed to nearby vessels. Next day, it was tnought that there might be a chance to save the ship, and an emergency volun-teer crew was sought to go aboard. Both Wood and Steedley volun- - mission io me caaet corps, a n is assigned to one of the basic schools for training of about four months, after which he goes to sea for a minimum of six months. This sometimes lasts as long as 12 months, because the ship may be in the Indian ocean when his six months is completed, and he, of course, must serve until his ship returns to the United States. Has Sea Training First. After sea duty, a n is assigned to Kings Point for advanced training during which he assimilates knowledge acquired in classrooms and laboratories with that which results from sea train-ing to qualify himself to become a deck or engine officer irj America's g merchant fleet. Upon graduation a n is licensed as third mate or third assistant engineer and is appointed an ensign in the U. S. maritime service and in the U. S. naval reserve. Many of the 5,000 graduates to date have gone into active duty with the navy. The U. S. merchant marine cadet teered, but after a few hours all hope of saving the vessel was aban-doned. The two n were returned to England and were back in New York on July 7, one month after participating in the greatest invasion in history. Their ship had been lost, but the precious cargo of soldiers, jeeps and guns had been put ashore in France. They're at Kings Point now. Dudley Example of Sea Heroes. Almost two years earlier, on the other side of the world, another n had played a dra-matic part in a landing operation. He is Robert H. Dudley of Yonkers, N. Y., who was assigned to a trans-- 1 port in the task force which took the first contingent of U. S. marines to Guadalcanal. Dudley was placed in charge of landing boats from Cadet-midshipm- laying aloft the main mast. corps, authorized by the merchant marine act of 1936, is to be a per-manent institution, serving the na-tion just as do West Point, Annapo-lis and the coast guard academy. The academy at Kings Point is situated on Long Island Sound, two miles from Great Neck, on what was previously the site of several swanky estates. There are d lew and modern buildings on the campus which also includes parade grounds, an athletic field and an obstacle course which is quite tough. At the academy's private dock, there are half a dozen vessels German and coast artillery during the first three or four days of the historic landings. "Our ships moved into the Eng-lish channel on carrying trucks, jeeps, small arms and about 400 soldiers, and we, of course, were exposed to the German bomb-ers, and coast artillery. We didn't worry about the Nazis too much, though, when we looked up and saw our own fliers in action and watched American and British ins vesbei, ana me aisemDarKing was proceeding successfully when' 23 Japanese torpedo planes at-tacked the ships. Antiaircraft gunners on merchant vessels and warships alike went, into action immediately, and skip-- , pers of the various vessels ordered maneuvers to dodge the torpedoes: from the enemy planes. The accu- -' racy of the fire from American guns excelled that of the Jap aviators, however, and every one of the 23 planes was shot down. One ship in the landing force was lost when a flaming Jap plane struck on its deck and set it afire. This was Dudley's vessel from which all marines and cargo had been disembarked. Dudley was assigned to another ship loaded with provisions bound for Tulagi, and a few days after the Guadalcanal episode, Dudley again heard the order, "Abandon ship!," as this vessel was torpedoed and sunk on August 21. Dudley and 12 members of the crew spent the ensuing 14 days in a lifeboat with the most meager supplies of food and water. "On the 14th day, we sighted land, and naturally exerted every ounce of our fast-wanin- g energy to pull ashore," Dudley reported. "We landed on a coral reef, and every man fell face forward, exhausted. The sharp edges of the coral inflict-ed severe cuts about the body of every one of us, but we just didn't seem to have the strength to move again, so we lay there on the reefs, almost unconscious, for several hours. The natives found us and brought us water." Dudley spent the next two months in army and navy hospital before returning to Kings Point, where he graduated on February 3, 1943, re-ceived his license as third mate, and went back to sea as an officer help-ing deliver the goods. Saved Shipmate's Life. An example of valor and dis-regard of his own safety was shown by n William M. Thomas Jr. of Alameda, Calif., who was awarded the Distinguished Service medal by President Roose-velt for his heroism in dramatically saving the life of a shipmate. s il MM 1 MMIIIIII IIIMISHI Man overboard rescue practice at Pass Christian, Miss. which aflord the best possible means of learning that multitude of sub-jects and details embraced in the term, "seamanship." Laboratories are equipped with actual Liberty ship engines and boilers, Diesels, radio and other signal equipment, refrigeration units, and machinery and equipment of all types en-countered aboard ship. Adminis-trative ofiicers of the cadet corps make the training thorough and far warships taking care of the coast emplacements," Wood relates. "A day or so after the initial landings, we were ordered to an-chor a quarter mile off Normandy and discharge our cargo into LSTs. This job took about 12 hours," he said, "and the ship pulled away and anchored to await formation of a convoy to return to England. "On plus four, ME 109s were dropping d bombs in I World Monetary Plans F C3R I Seen as Boon to Trade Funds Would Help Restore Production and llr W Stimulate Exchange of Goods in Postwar Era, Treasury Says. By BAUKHAGE Veics Analyst and Commentator. WNU Service, Union Trust Building Washington, D. C. I have just come from a luncheon of creamed chicken and rice, green salad and trimmings. The food was not, however, the interesting part of the affair. The "food for thought" that went with it, was. And so was the setting. We were served from a large oval table in the conference room of the United States treas-ury. The hosts were Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau and a squad of his fiscal experts. The subject of the conversation was the same one which was dis-cussed at many of the more than 200 conferences which took place around that same table and which led up to the Bretton Woods mone-tary conference last July. Today that same subject is before Con-gress In the form of pending legisla-tion which would authorize Ameri-can participation in an international bank of reconstruction and develop-ment and an international monetary fund. on how the money or credit is to be handled. Relief for U. S. Bankers' Risks One of the chief arguments as to the direct value of the program for the United States is this: it is esti-mated that in the postwar pe-riod, the United States bankers will have to do the bulk of the world lending. Estimated on the amount we did after the last war, perhaps as much as 90 per cent. Rather than have the lenders risk the loss as they did last time, it would be bet-ter to have the government and the governments of the rest of the na-tio-bear two-third- s of the risk. Thil they would do under the inter-national bank. It is pointed out by treasury officials that not only will most of the money be borrowed from private bankers in this coun-try for the next five or ten years (SlnCS we have most of the money to loan) but most of it will likewise be spent here since we have most of the thintrc fnriaicTn nnnntrifiQ nnpH Upon the passage of this legisla-tion and the creation of the bank and fund, the master-mind- s on money matters tell me, depends the success of any world security organization which may come out of the United Nations meeting at San Francisco. Aim to Stop Economic Warfare The reason for that statement, boiled down to its essence is this: you can't stop international warfare unless you stop economic war-fare. Economic warfare in this sense means international trade practices not in the common good spe-cifically some of the practices in-dulged in by nations competing for foreign trade before and after the grand smash of "29. How is this warfare to be re-strained? Quid pro quo, of course. In the vicious fight for trade after the war a large number of nations will have three strikes on them to start. They are wrecked, some physically and a great many more financial- - There are two chief reasons why such an international financial pro-gram will be to the disadvantage of the private banker although by no means all bankers oppose it. One is that the governments of nations will control the world fiscal policy and not the leading private inter-national bankers who had the con-trol before. The second is that in the long run, as sponsors of the plan admit, it will lower interest rates. Those two reasons are not stressed by the vocal opponents of the measure before members of con-gress. Many other objections, some highly technical, are set forth. The main suggestion in the report of a committee of the American Bankers association is that because of un-settled political conditions through-out the world, any action ought to be postponed until these conditions stabilize. They say that the nations should agree to certain changes in the program before it is presented to the congress. Some of the changes suggested are prompted by honest conviction, some are due, according to treasury ly, politically, economically. Those which will emerge less affected by the war scourge, like the United States, will be equally affected if they have nobody with money or credit enough to buy their goods. Therefore in exchange for an agreement to abide by certain fair practices as we might call them, and contributions in cash or its equivalent, under the Bretton Woods agreement a nation would receive membership in an international bank which would guarantee pri-vate loans make some direct for the purpose of reconstruction and development so they can build fac-tories and do other things necessary to create goods to sell and earn money to buy. These loans would be loans in which the risk is too great for a private institution to take, and which if they were made and bonds offered to the public the public wouldn't touch. But guaran-teed by the international bank over a long term, private bankers would lend the money and the public, with the word of 44 nations behind the bonds, would hardly be skittish. The monetary fund would be created for the purpose of stabiliz-ing exchange, and facilitating the growth of international trade. The members would agree to tie their exchange to the gold standard and not change it unless the governors and directors of the fund ap-prove. This would stop, among other things, what amounts to impos-ing hidden tariffs on foreign goods by changing the rates of exchange of a country's currency in terms of other nation's currency. In their mad efforts to export goods at any price and get credits abroad, the Germans had all sorts of different kinds of marks that had one value here and another there. As to the administration of the bank and fund, a very careful system has been worked out regu-lating the amount of financial responsibility each country would have. The figure would be based on the trade of a nation over a certain past period with some other modi-fications. For instance, the United States would assume roughly one-thir- d of the financial responsi-bility and have one-thir- d of the votes officials, to a misinterpretation of the program. There is a group in the United States which says that the United States will come out of the little end of the horn under the ar-rangement and that the British sold us a bill of goods. There is a group in England which says that Brit-ain will come out of the little end of the horn and that the United States sold their representatives a bill of goods. That is one thing which, quite aside from the arguments pro and con on the various disputed parts of the program, demonstrates that it must be pretty good. Some weeks ago in this column I tried to explain "why Germany came back" after its defeats in France. May I be permitted to explain why the Nazis couldn't come back for the second time? Once again we have to consider, not the military organization of Ger-many alone, but the civilian or-ganization as well. Nazi discipline, because it was built on an entirely anti-hum- an foundation, finally It was a discipline of (1) de- - ceit, (2) force. Both were bound to fail in the end because it failed to take into consideration one thing which the Nazis refuse to admit exists the human soul. Naziism with threats, brute force, and an organization which could carry out the threats and exercise the force, was effective up to a cer-tain point. Then it failed. Its strength was in "bending the twig." as I tried to point out in my earlier analysis. Youth worshipped the false god of Naziism as long as Its clay feet could be concealed. Youth knew no other god. But the moment the clay feet crumbled in the defeat of its armies (i.e. force failed) youth deserted. Even the older people, despite the numbing fear of the espionage of the gauleiter, the fear of the concen-tration camp, fear of the firing squad, began passive resistance. The Volkssturm (the military unfit drafted by Himmler) refused to fight, refused to assemble when or- - dered, hid. Regulations were evaded. Taxes went unpaid. Remember the tog, you grew last y, Of course you rem the teedi you planted frl packet; the liuriow 2 the mouth-waterin- g ivT! fresh salads; the in cans you put up for Ferry's Seeds art readyaa make your garden yield of success and enjoymJT heffer garden uith Feny On sale at your fwJ! HRY-M- 51 D.holl3l . 1 Uf an ooo mm noauci Quaint Garden for Your Bed Linens AN garden, quaint and charming, blooms in natural colors on sheet and pil-low cases. Worked mainly in lazy-dais- y stitch. You can have "story book" bed linens. Pattern 7102 has transfer of one 6 by 20'i, two 5'. 4 by motifs; edging Instruction. Due to an unusually largt demsnd and current war conditions, slightly mors time is required In filling orders for a few of the most popular pattern numbers. Send your order to: Sewing Circle Needlecraft Dept. Box 3217 San Francisco , Calif. Enclose 16 cents for Pattern No Address How Sluggish! Get Hop.-vRe- i WHEN CONSTIPATION mtkeiJ funk as the dickens, bring, nS upset, sour taste, gassy ' J take Dr. Caldwell's famous nM to quickly pull the trigger onlaB nards", and help you feel brS chipper again. DR. CALDWELL'S Is the na laxative contained in good iS Pepsin to make it so easy to tyfl MANY DOCTORS use pepsU B Hons in prescriptions to miki (3 cine more palatable and ifnstfl take. So be sure your UiisnS tained in Syrup Pepsin. V INSIST ON DR. CAIDWCUifl vorite of millions for 50 Tttrtlifl that wholesome relief from e3 tion. Even finicky .hildrulmfl CAUTION t Use only as direct DR.WM SENNA LAXATIVE J CONTAINI D IN JYRUP PBB rDcrDrDrtCnD:I VOU. a sizedhavebo!!x1 aHS attractive glass ah kr u ksH Postpaid, $1.00. T BOBBY PINS! llXM a supply while they last TttiH postpaid, $1.00. HAIR NETS! g Sj J lty; four nets, postpaid, til BABY PANTS! 5TjB mother's prayei 50o quaLIM pairs, postpaid, $1.00. H Send money order or currency; tkM $0 chck$ for nrhanff I GENERAL PRODUCTS CO. )USaj CALLING ALL I EXPERIENCED SEAIfl BACK TO SEA! I 'The Need MWk is Urgent," BJBjlp . High Command! Rl Jfcj II 43,000 experienced sea- - w'jSjj men now working in shore aWsHs --A, JssHHBBH MU1 LN0' "Ship can't saU jobs are vitally needed . . . experienced men and we just don'thlB back on Ships if OUT enough men for our expanding MerdSS fighting men are to get Marine. If you have ever i ten s MjJJB Engineer, Radio Officer "AB,hBm supplies to finish the job! country needs you now!" or V enasi' Kead What this came up from Third Mate i '''PM,-- i. Seaman says and youH I three year because of tli big ym-- get a hint of what the the Merchant Mu! Merchant Marineoffers. SffXS jL "The Future (BIT IJHBlf is Bright' BftH Industry Leadersl M MBi Government heads, large WMEMMm shipping companies and mH union leaders agree that ANK I taylod. Pre... Americas4 the postwar prospects for chant Marine Institute : ' With ""Ml the Merchant Marino every country in the world to be "TjJK exceed anything ever there ' everv reason to believo BS before known. chant Marine will move into a rt"'B of expansion after the war." wfr8s;?,oUP M"c"t Marin,, reporr to your"jH Adm,ntration Office, your mar,. 6- EmP'oyment Service, or wire collect to Merchant RECRUITMENT & MANNING0 0RGANIZATKW V.'AR SHIPPING ADMINISTRATION fc Lowly Spiders Among Swiftest of the Swift During an experiment some time ago a spider was timed to walk a hundred times its own length in a second. By compari-son a man would have to travel at 400 miles an hour to equal thisl Some birds, especially the div-ing varieties, can touch terrific speeds. The average speed a man reaches when diving from a height of about 60 feet is 40 miles an hour, whereas the loon, a diving bird, surprised by the flash of a gun, can dive before the shot reaches it. One naturalist stated that he had timed birds to dive under water before the pellets from a gun peppered the surface. O'Hara. Distinguished Service Medal Hero No name is regarded with more respect in the U. S. merchant ma-rine cadet corps than that of Edwin J. O'Hara of Lindsay. Calif., who was posthumously awarded the Dis-tinguished Service medal. One morning late in the fall of 1942. just at dawn, two enemy surface raiders appeared through the mist and started firing on O'Hara's ship. The gun crew im-mediately responded. The enemy ire was effective, however, and all the personnel manning one after gun installation were killed or wounded by one explosion. O'Hara took over this gun by himself, and managed to fire it five times, with every shell striking the enemy vessel at the water line. O'Hara was credited in the D.S.M. citation with single-handedl- y sinking this raider. The n was mor-tally wounded in the action, how-ever, and went down with his ship. B A R BS . . . by Baukhag. One reason why Stalin can't leave Russia to meet even the world's bigwigs was revealed at the Yalta conference he makes all the mili-tary decisions himself. The Japanese government has taken over all the airplane factories, giving the Jap industrialists who want peace another reminder that there isn't much profit in war. In spite of the shortage of nurses. doctors, dentists, the health of the nation, according to OWI. shows no serious decline. Probably just a case of supply and demand. General De G;:ulle says that France needs 12 million "fine babies" in the next 10 years. He may not get 12 million but they will all be "fine" ask their mothers. |