Show I arlla Lal aw Ordered r ere as Duce uee Quits I I The Old CId and the fhe New Field Marshal Pietro Badoglio left took over the Italian government when his old enemy Benito Senito Mussolini right resigned as his empire staggered under relentless blows of the allies This picture was made maden in n prouder days of the fascist regime t First Axis Break i Hints Possible Prelude to Peace Reports Indicate Ex Dictator Arrested While Trying to Flee to Germany Conservative Badoglio New Premier LONDON July 26 UP Martial UP-Martial Martial law was proclaimed throughout through through- out harassed Italy Monday in swift s succession to a government up shake-up which eliminated Benito Mussolini and his fascist cabinet cabinet cabi cabi- net and installed the conservative Marshal Pietro Badoglio as premier King Vittorio Emanuele made the change in the war leadership the first major break on the axis front and a possible prelude to an Italian bid for peace There was no axis announcement announcement announcement announce announce- ment of what had become of Mussolini Mussolini Mus Mus- us- us but unconfirmed reports from Stockholm said he had been arrested while trying to flee to Germany Roundabout Stockholm reports also told of For tor other stories on Mussolini I see set pages 2 and 3 J in northern Italy with thousands thousands thou thou- sands of Italians sho shouting Down with Hitler Out with the Germans Germans Ger Gezo mans and We Ve want peace Badoglio ordered the army anny to take over the preservation of public public pub pub- lic lie order throughout the nation forbade gatherings of more than three persons directed the people to remain at their work and empowered empowered em em- powered the troops to fire on anyOne any- any Ou One who violated d the ins instructions ructions Hour by hour developments In Inthe inthe the situation which may hasten the exu end to the struggle into which Mussolini plunged Italy with the attack as Germanys Germany's ally upon France June Juno 10 1940 were broadcast broadcast broad brod- cast by the Rome radio and re recorded recorded re re- corded by listening posts hout h out the world Dispatches from both land and Sweden said sald Mussolini had been arrested These were without foundation from axis quarA A Reuters report from Stockholm Stockholm Stock Stock- holm said officers seized the dictator dictator dic die while he was trying to es escape escape es es- cape from Italy to Germany A A. ABern ABern Bern dispatch said that he and his ministers were taken Into cur cus tody Confronted by some of the gravest problems that the commander commander com corn mander of a beaten and dispirited army ever faced with the bulk of ot Sicily overrun o by allied armies annies with German troops and German police pollee on Italian soil and with mainland cities beset by bombings which threaten ever increasing force Badoglio said the war con con- Unties In addition to his Instructions to his people the new premier issued a special order of the day stating that the voluntary fascist militia II is js an integral part of the armed forces of the nation and with them I as always cooperates in the common common cornmon com corn mon work and intentions for the defense of the fatherland The black shirts once shirts once Mussolini's private army army are are the Continued on PK ru Three Column Three Italy Put Under Martial Law LawAs LawAs As Duce Dute Resigns Continued from Page Pace One best equipped group among Italy's military forces of about men The broadcast did not bring out why Badoglio considered such sucha a special order necessary but it may have been a tacit warning to the militiamen that they would remain under his control to the end despite the withdrawal of Mussolini and the fascist min min- inters The Berlin radio said Badoglio had appointed Baron Raffaele Guariglia 54 Italian ambassador to Turkey for the last six months month as foreign minister in Italy's ne new government The foreign minister minister minis minis- ter was among the portfolios formerly formerly formerly for for- merly held by Mussolini With 30 years' years experience in di diplomacy diplomacy diplomacy di- di Baron Guariglia could have been a go-between go in any negotiations for a separate peace during his residence in neutral Ankara In a royal proclamation broadcast broadcast broad broad- cast to Italians last night the king Icing announced that he had accepted accepted accepted ac ac- ac- ac Mussolini's resignation and had installed year old Marshal Marshal Mar Mar- Pietro Badoglio bitter Badoglio-bitter bitter foe of ofil 11 il duce and fascism fascism fascism-as as h head ad of a military government to stand against those who have wounded the sacred soil of Italy The war continues the aged marshal told the people in a proclamation proclamation proc proc- announcing that he had assumed supreme command of all Italian armies and calling on Italians Italians Ital Ital- ians to rally around the king But the conviction grew that Italy Italy her her cities shattered her empire empire em em- pire vanished internal unrest and violence growing and a mighty al allied allied al al- lied army pounding at her threshold thres thres- hold hold had had shaken the guilty hierarchy of fascism and had taken a necessary step toward eventual peace Effect Questionable The immediate effect on Germany Germany Ger Ger- many and Italy of the end to Mussolini's Mussolini's Mus Mus- year 21 reign as dictator and international bully could not be estimated immediately Five hours after the Rome radio radio ra ra- ra dio stunned allied nations with the announcement the Berlin radio announced only in an overseas overseas over over- seas announcement that Mussolini's Musso Musso- linis lini's resignation had been accepted accept accept- ed and added It is believed in Rome that the change in government government government govern govern- ment was due to the health condition condition condition con con- of il II duce who fell ill re re re- There was little doubt however that the fall of the man whose political views and ruthless military mili mili- military tary policy eventually divided the world into totalitarian and democratic democratic democratic demo demo- cratic cratic camps was the most staggering staggering stag stag- gering blow yet axis pres pres- tige Uge V v I End Fascism The Italian kings king's choice of Marshal Marshal Marshal Mar Mar- Badoglio to take over instead of some fanatical fascist like Carlo Scorza who Scorza-who who had lately led the frantic attempts to bolster Italian morale strengthened morale strengthened the conviction conviction tion ion that the monarch was determined determined deter deter- mined to end fascism as a peace necessity Hitler's army however remained remained re reo re- re an unknown factor in determining determining de de- de the kings king's next movement movement move move- ment as German forces have virtually vir vir- Lually dominated Italy since their arrival at il dl duces duce's call for rein rein- Hitler was now faced with the choice of taking over Italy completely completely com com- to keep her in hand or withdrawing to the Brenner pass and tightening the boundaries of his tiis European fortress Previous estimates of Hitler's strength in Italy pointed up the latter as his most probable choice Doubt has been expressed that German forces presently in Italy are strong enough to defend the country without Italian support and railway lines linking Germany with Italy have been so shattered by allied air attacks that immediate immediate immediate imme imme- diate heavy reinforcements reinforcement were considered hardly possible London newspapers took the view that Mussolini's fate should not alter the immediate plans and that Italy should be hit hard regularly regularly regularly reg reg- until she accepts the only terms President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill have said would be settled on on lonal surrender Badoglio says The war continues continues con con- said the London Telegraph Tele Tele- graph So be it He will find that the Italians will not fight more readily for the king and himself than they did for Mussolini because because be be- cause in both cases they will be fighting for Germany alone and they know it Only one newspaper writer expressed expressed ex ex- pressed suspicion at il 11 duces duce's s ouster G. G Giglio former Rome correspondent correspondent corres corres- of the Daily Herald warned that Mussolini may have resigned at the suggestion of Hitler Hitler Hit Hit- ler to stop the disintegration of Italian armed forces which no longer were obeying their orders Swiss dispatches to London which expressed the belief that Italy would be out of the war within a few weeks noted the similarity similarity sim sim- In tone between en the Italian proclamations and those issued by Marshal Petain shortly before the fall of France Allied broadcasts kept drumming drumming drumming drum drum- ming home to the Italians Monday that they must rid the country of more than Mussolini and the Algiers Al Algiers Al- Al giers radio w warned that it It is necessary that all traces of the fascist regime disappear from Italy A change of ot names Is not enough In order to bring Italy back to life and the world back to peace something more than a palace maneuver or a coup is necessary A real revolution is necessary |