Show SECRETS OF WORLDS WORLD GREATEST I 7 1 AIRSHIP ARE R PLAINE HER J n l fo Ii 0 r r ry r y fi t ti 1 Y I r 1 f I. I i CG i tt E IN USE Pa Pac c Tc 1803 I AEROPLANE go F-go-c FILED tic trISE BR eV Ate ii 1 SS t q W t 1 i V I i fJ 1 J l w a t f tt O vt r ri r I. I t y I 0 i 1 l r. r It l' l Oiw t E k ii C h 1 I COPYRIGHT 1908 BY THE NEW V YO YORK R V HERALD n 0 CO COI All MI Reserved I Copyright 1903 1303 b by the Xe New Nea York Hora Ilor- Ilor a aM I Company Company AIl All Rights Reserved THE EVENING TELEGRAM today tollay lays bare to tho the world the hitherto well ept 1 opt secret of the mechanical construction construction lc tion th that t made possible the mc flights of Orville Olville and Wilbur Wrighta Wright Wright- bt- bt a a. Se secret lct destined perhaps to prove pro as ns potentially pot vital ital in in the history of civilization civilization civilization civili civili- as was that of Watts Watts' first steam engine en nc or pr of Fulton's Pulton's elementary steamboat steam steam- boat boaL re- re Reasons which for years have e caused a sea the thc Wright ht brothers to guard so jealously jealously jeal Jeal- the mysteries of th their i aeroplanes are are not longer loner so compelling as they on once c were Their Their ri rights due to priority of invention tion tian in so far as thc they pan can an be Ic legally guarded arc are new fairly well protected by hs letters patent issued in Franco France ant and andIn andIn In m other countries and by a caveat filed in the United States patent office before be expiration of which timo they ex ex- expect expect to be bc in a po position to take out later I patents covering co furt further er improvements It is proper to state therefore that the thc technical diagrams reproduced with this exposition are arc photographed from I Ithe the original drawings of the Wright bright brothers now on file in in the patent oUke e of f the French republic and that the technical descriptions accompanying them arc accurate translations of the material placed on file by the Wrights themselves in tho the same bureau Appl Application Application I cation for letter letters patent of which applications these documents form a part were made b by them in Franco France on November November No No- vember ember 17 and 18 IS 1907 1007 and patents numbered 4 and 5 respectively respectively th cl were issued to them on January 27 t 1 1008 OS For the benefit of the tho scientific mind for tho the engineer t the c experimenter or orthe orthe ortho the tho patent lawyer cr who may prefer toan to an any effort at simplification tho the opportunity ni y to study the actual drawings 8 as filed in France b by the Wrights together with their own technical description thereof THE EYE I EVENING G TELEGRAM here bere appends their data both written rind and drawn in detail x Following this more moro technical and in involved in in- yi description the tho reader will find it necessary to refer constantly to the figures numbered 1 I 2 3 and 4 respectively respectively th-elv th all of which form torm integral 31 parts of f the drawings drawing as filed tiled on a single le sheet in tho the French p patent tent office A According cordin to tho official description the Wright flying machine lC is is composed composed com corn posed poser of thin surfaces of aeroplanes eu- eu Purposed There Thero can an bo lc one or several of these but tho Wright machine as built at present is is made of two JJ Scientifically expressed lC the the lateral extremities of these planes ma may receive rc cical ci c at al the will of the operator changes which mo modify if the angle ancle of inci incidence under which each of them is presented to the atmosphere t Planes Are Parallel In plainer terms term while these planes remain remain always always' parallel they may be he curved by the action of tho the operator t SQ so o that the twin surfaces change e their angle anglo an an- gle glo lo to the wind The technical tiou of the drawings represented by lj Figures 1 1 2 3 and 4 Is as follows Nos Kos 1 l an and 2 arc tho the planes No 3 is r r a l structure of strong wood or metal which is covered co with wit h linen 4 01 to form w the thc planes These planes are to move mo in vv Y o the direction to the tho atmosphere Tho two arc aro separated bv lw uprights uprights' or 5 G which are arc ri rigid id from ono one 1 end cud to the other The They aro arc fastened to th the planes at their upper and lower extremities b. b by universal joints So while they 1 lu seep L. L ep p the planes parallel at atall nil all times timeR the they do da not prevent them b being be be- in ing twi twisted spirally in unison At the front of the m machine are arc reinforcing reinforcing ing ine cross wires 8 a which with the stanchions 5 hold bold tho the front part of the tho machine perfectly rigid The This front I of tho the wings is intended to be held heM unchanged unchanged un un- changed ed at all times The desired of the wings in s is confined to the rear where it is controlled by a er very in ingenious enious mechanism At At the middle of the machine are aio foro fore and antI aft wires 0 c which keep tho the I whole of the thc center of the structure I ri rigid But Iut between the tho stanchions stanchions' which separate the tile wings ings at the rear real I there are aie no stiffening wires and none extends fere and aft at the extremities of the tho wings Wines These extremities or wings are flexible at the rear and the structure is articulated at the Units limits of the ri rigid id central part The parts of tho the frames o extending beyond this tins central part therefore form forma a pliant framework and ald are held in lu any desired position b by bya a wire wiro 6 running from the upper en end I of tho the rear stanchions at the extremities of the win wings rings s t through guides or pulleys I near the center fixed in in the lower wing icing or piano plane This can be bo done by moans of small I bearings 8 S These wires wires pull in the I direction of tho the greatest len length th of the wing wine This traction can be he applied to tv I them by means of an auxiliary wire fixed by its extremities to enable 0 C G at a point Ga and Gb included ed between guides 7 7 n and redirected by a rl su suitable t gui guide e 0 U to a drum 10 moun mounted ed on onn a shaft 11 carried carried by brackets 12 on tho the lower win wing Ih Ina drum trout 10 mounted on a shaft 11 carried c by brackets 1 12 12 on tho the lower wing The drum 10 is fitted with u a handle 13 and it if can eau be he held stationary stationary station station- ar ary on the shaft 11 by m means ans of a brake brako consisting o 01 of a 0 split collar 14 fitted with a setscrew set rew 15 by the tho shaft 11 ll can be rc regulated How Cables Arc Aro F Fixed cd A single lo cable can be bo used but itis it its t is s preferable to mount auxiliary cables 16 15 alon alongside 6 at points situated near icar the guides 7 n and to fix them to the he parts of the tho lateral edges edes of the upper up up- per ier wing coi responding corresponding preferably near the he rear edges The I The length th of the auxiliary cable 16 a d the method of connection with ith tho ho cable 6 6 and with tho the upper win wing are arc such that a a. pull exerted on cable 6 13 ti is transmitted to its extremities and l I Io I to o th the auxiliary cables 16 and by all cables to the corresponding wings wings of the aeroplane thus producing the desired de- de sired deformation of the rear edges of tho ho wings and preventing pre them becoming becoming becom becom- ing lug distorted between the out outer or ity and tho the hin hinge bingo o A A second ca a blo to 17 is fixed at each cach of its ends to the wings Vin R of the lower lowr plane preferably near its rear corners It passes by guides 18 8 fixed to the upper tipper plane and is o or of such length that when it is is connected with the lower plane it remains remains taut like liko tho the cable 6 These two t cables bles 6 and 7 thus act as stiffeners to the tho framework The cable 17 17 is is preferably fitted with auxiliary cables 19 operating in a similar manner manner man man- I ner to tho the auxiliary IG of cable 6 I The The rear central part of oi the frame fiame with reinforced ed cables a and the tho rear icar part of the lateral WUl wings S from thus thui I with the stanchion 5 G the guides ides 7 and m IS 18 and the cables 6 15 10 ii 17 and 19 10 D a l funicular system rigid and at atthe atthe the same time pliable to to- toa another a other position tion which permits the rp regulation lation of the rear corners of the planes plane at tho the same time timo preserving preserving the characteristics tics of of- ofa a rj rigid id framework U When the drum 10 is turned in inor or order er to mono o cable 6 G to the left thus hut bus drawing downward the tho rear icar lateral ri right ht hand part of the upper wing ing the corresponding part of the lower plane is similar similarly I ly lowered lo cred because of the ri rigid d connection through h the stanchions 5 G The downward movement wo of this this' port of or the lower plane caused by ca en- blea bles 17 serves to raise the rear left lefthand lefthand hand part pait of the lower lou plane and lJ by 1 r ri i 2 d 11 1 ti Q ra i 1 oj t 4 11 Fi o I 1 tuua o 2 S' S 1 6 I 6 36 3 3 F 2 1 t g i i i 1 fi 31 t lJ t 1 f 3 f 9 o 2 6 HI WI v I r Ce l j t t. I t F i 3 v d 5 I I IT WO WORKING K Or OF 1 Breo RS E AS M IMPROVED NED UP wro TO LO T NU JP FILED IK IN THE TEE TRENCH FRENCH PACE CORY 1908 BY THE BYTHE NEW YORK HERALD 1 All Rights Reserved YORK HERALD CO tW BY THE TWE NEW An bl E Ir r I I FIG 5 x means of the stanchions 5 raises the I corresponding part of the upper wing i This communicates simultaneously a 3 spiral twist to tho the wings of the two planes In thus turning tho the extreme rear part of the win wings around axes ly I ly lying ing log in their primitive plane piano the t operator operator operator oper oper- ator forces them theta to present variable angles of incidence to the tho air the side sido presenting the greater angle angl of incidence inci dence dente being obliged ed to rise rise ut under er the greater pressure resulting from the he action action ac ac- ac tion of tho the air on this part whereas the side offering the smaller angle of at incidence falls faIls Worked From a Drum This action permits tho aviator by regulating the an angles les of incidence to maintain the lateral equilibrium of the machine but this action tends to make mako the machine machino turn around a vertical axis because tho the increasing nn angle lo of incidence offers to too air a n. greater eater resistance resistance re re- re to forward movement and permits per per- I mits nits the part of the aeroplane in ha having the smaller angle of incidence to more moto ahead at a greater speed than the part I bavin having tho the greater an angle le of incidence To counteract this effect a 3 vertical rudder 20 0 is is placed at nt the rear of the machine machino movable mo on a shaft haft mounted between the tho arms arns 21 I At the lower end of this shaft is a a. fixed pulley 22 2 around which passes a ax wire wiro cable 23 3 3 permitting the rudder n to exert a 3 pressure pres pres- sure sura on the side of the machine on which the win wing offers otTers the smaller an angle le leof of incidence to o tho the air A turning movement onn bo be produced only by a combination of forces acting lct u in different directions The inertia of the ma machine may mas bo one of these forces and the pressure pressure pres pres- sure on the vertical Udder rudder placed be behind behind hind the center of the machine may bethe bethe be bo bothe the other In tho the construction of the machine as here shown the inertia of the tho machine machine machine ma ma- chine is combined with ith the forces produced produced produced pro pro- by the pressure of the wind on additional vertical surfaces consisting I of a rudder placed in front of tho the con con- ter of the machine and of a fixed surface surface sur sur- face preferably situated in front of the tho center of gravity rn of the machine However However How How- ever this arrangement is ia not I able and a satisfactory couple may mav h bo be obtained either by th the combination o ni 01 two rudders or bv by a combination of the I sin single le rudder and ana a fixed surface This This construction is iR r represented Pl inthe in tho the dia diagrams an and of a second vertical rudder 24 whose l' l shaft hatt is mounted between the arms 25 at tho the front of the machine This rudder also carries at its lower extremity a pulley 26 6 aroun around which acts a wire ire which governs o erns tho the rear i udder rudder this wire boin boing bo bo- boing in ing crossed so as to turn tho the rudders rudden in in n opposite directions The fi fixed ed plane 27 7 can be he mounted on the tho arms 5 5 which hold the front rudder It nets acts with the rudders and in the case cage where on one is more effective than thau the other helps by bv resistance to the lateral movement movement move move- ment the weaker rudder n to form a D turning couple And if on one of th the rud rod rudders ders is disabled it forms with tho the other I 1 i Y Sr f 1 n. n 1 f r 1 4 y i ar v a IN AT 0 EVIL TC C 1 1 k- k r KEW YORK H. H y r a l' l ls l's s l d I Igo IS p L fUG R RL L' L F r r 9 ii iii i t 4 r t tM tN t I N R M 4 ri i v l 1 t oA F r 1 F r L rr tt rr le WRIGHT 1903 1908 8 BY T THE FIE NEW Y YORK H HERALD ERALD I k All Rights R Reserved a u turning turning- couple acting acting- in the same direction di di- as before befort These ru rudders arc aro to be worked i from a drum which operates the other I mechanism and anti drums are arc to beside beside be bo side hide by sole side and with their handles adjoining ad- ad joining so 50 that the operator nm may if ho desires wor work both Loth to together Operator Controls Rudder Th resistance of the air nir would not keep the tho rudders in in equilibrium in all positions in in w ieh tho they might be placed In maneu crin maneuvering them sometimes the true pressure of the air air will facilitate their operation for the thc aviator sometimes it will Wm make it harder It is to do away awa with this d difficulty that the friction brakes have o been introduced between the hand lovers and the rudders Tho The brakes are re regulated so 60 as to take talo up p the tho perturbing action of the wind force on en the rudders without being too stiff still for tho the operator to work A A horizontal lder is n 32 provid provided ed d a at t the front t of the machine Its shaft carries a pulley 33 around which runs a cable 34 which h passes to the drum 35 placed on the central platform within reach of tho the operators operator's I a han hand This ru rudder er is reg regulated lat f others at tho the will nill of tho the Instead of maintaining the e of the machine by the spiral tithe ti I the tho rear parts of the tho lateral t w 1 can obtain tho the same snipe result rosult by byr the front p part rt of the wings rr ii case caso the rear ed edges es of the ph pl plan 1 be made mado in deformable An Ii formed of one three or any nth planes plane can be n way way Besides the invention at tho the lateral 9 planes by spiral torson of t c cing in ing planes In a general way is the equilibrating of these Ui I by bj the combination of f faces which can be placed a aan an angles of incidence on tho the ri right sides of the machine and br by bye rudders and surfaces Tho for fo is subject to fOI wing could be raised and 1 fixed The form of construe construct lo be further varied by having having- t between the upper and lower y lit the tIle aides of the ma machine in ids tt front and behind the tho method operation to bo be the tho same name i |