Salt Lake Telegram | 1935-11-27 | Page 7 | New Pressure Machine Develops Record 'Squeeze'

I New Pressure Machine Develops Record Squeeze Copyright 1935 The rhe Associated Press CAMBRIDGE Mass Nov 27 Announcement 27 of new apparatus apparatus apparatus ap ap- ap- ap which imposes pressure of pounds per square inch makes ice hotter than boiling water and causes graphite to scratch steel was made today at Harvard university The pressures are the highest ever reached by man duplicating duplicating dup- dup the depths of the earth They reveal matter in new forms u Pressures previously available In laboratories have been about half hat as great as these Pressures at the center of ot the earth are estimated at fifty million pounds Harvard's new mUll pound million pound on-pound pressures are believed equal to those a few hundred miles down They were produced In the laboratory labora- labora tory ory of ot Dr P. P W. W Bridgman In the research laboratory of ot physics They were accomplished with two new types of ot apparatus One Is a pressure chamber made of at f steel shaped cone backed up by bya a form fitting steel block which makes possible pressures nearly twice tho the limit that formerly made steel bulge like lead The other is a a. new tool which squeezes thin discs of matter between be- be tween two rotating steel pistons The ne pistons reach pressures of ot 7 O- O pounds Their rotation set seti up shearing hearing strains revealing new facts fact about high stresses of or the earths earth's Interior The boiling hot ice ice iee ice which melts into water above the boiling point point point-Is la one of ot two ne new kinds of ot ice lee made in the pressure cone The Theother Theother other is a new kind of at cold Ice lee Five kinds of ot Ice were known previously one hot though not boiling The differences are arc are due to changes change J in crystal structure of at the ice The original hot Ice lee also a discovery discovery discovery dis dis- dis- dis covery of Dr Bridgman was too warm to be touched It was made by heating beating Ice under pressure pressure of at about pounds The new ice squeezed at nt about pounds can be heated above the boiling point of water and still sun Is Ice Even hotter holter ice may be had by higher pressures The stress or shearing pistons made permanent changes In many organic substances Rubber loses i its elasticity and becomes a translucent translucent trans trans- lucent horny material Paper is the same Red phosphorus turns permanently into black phosphorus Soft graphite ordinarily a n lubricant lubricant cant at 1 pounds becomes hard enough to embed itself like Jike a diamond in hard glass steel But there is no permanent change Dr Brid Bridgman's report states state of or graphite although a a. change to diamond might have been looked for because diamond is b a adenso dense denso form torm of ot graphite On re release release release re- re lease the graphite resumed its J normal normal normal nor nor- mal soft slippery state Dr Bridgman has tried substances substances sub sub- stances between the pistons Nearly half haJt of them change their forms entering a state classified as poly poly- These polymorphs the report slates states must lay an Important part partin in the tho constitution of the tho earth It Itis Itis Itis is found Cound that the force torce required to shear practically all aU substances Under under under un un- der high pressure is very much greater than would have been expected expected ex ex- from Cram previous ideas