| Show The Army of China = = = Quoor Fnctfl mill TlKtircH About tho StrnngrHl Mill tnry Organization on the Tnco of tho Globe = = = = = = = Thi CM tll Cntnnml Ktltit frtm AH to rtfv Hi Official Clint till SolJitrl Thrte HunJreJ TituMnd Mtan fir an Pffitt lUal lAt Vittroyt Art DoingSeinilMng fW Clian CAr 11 Hunt dnnfi Khallhot tit liar mil uhf KMroodiA Lttk al LI Hunt Cungt Cut and lxtJtr llorli CMnltt llvumin and a Ifltl to a Clime Kir rothHow Ilit Glints SolJiirl 1rt Ijxttidlllttk Hog PIuS arid Tiger Bonn In Intfwt Cauiaft IfKtot Ormwlnrt fn > 055 ICor7T1hl hr Snot II Carpseiter ltel Ejllli wr between be-tween China land Jpan is I has only lie gun The ja tiqv panese could If necessary r Ai throw something 1fS some-thing like s thrte liund ted Ibous y omit trained I toldlcri I Into rsfie3 I to the field Tlielr army It thoroughly organized And It has been drilled after the best methods Europe I When I vlilted Jipan sis years ago I 1 found German officer In charge of nil In branches and my Interview wild the minister of war was carried on In the German language lie UI a Japanese who had been educated In Germany and who could not speak English The Japanese area nation of fighters They r have all the quickness and bravery or the French married by yurt of training to the discipline of the Germans I hate seen their cavalry and Infantry In it review again and again during the present pres-ent summer Their troops are splat dilly equipped and they have arienali and navy yards of the must modern methods about which I will write In the future Today want to tell you something about the army of China It Is almost Impossible for one who has not been on the ground to appreciate Its condition iris I a mixture of the old and new of the weak and the strong I have made some study alit In half a clones different differ-ent slates and have some Inside Inform atlon which I gathered at Peking regarding re-garding 1t It Is the most wonderful military jumble I on the face of the globe t okn tl lol and you have to know something uf the Chinese government to understand It and the present situation ROTTEN non litHe ID CORK The Chinese government Is rotten from skin to core The people ot China I are one of the strongest In the world j I They can do anything and I beleve In the future they will revolutlonlie the world They are hound down today with at bad A government as ever pretended pre-tended lo rule The olhdals of China are almost universally corrupt and stealing Is I considered n pall of their legitimate pay Tina Is true of the officers offi-cers ol the army as well as of those uf civil rank They systematically cheat the soldiers under them and present false accounts tci the emperor and ministers min-isters of war At Shanghai I saw a barracks bar-racks which was supposed to contain five hundred troopn The officer In charge of It drew rations and pay for thin I number but there were really only four hundred soldier In the garrison and he was pocketing the balance His salary was something like a thousand or fifteen hundred dollars a year but he spent twenty thousand and I was told that seventy IUh his understrappers and retainers sat down every day at his table lie received I 4 per month for the pay of each man pocketed just JGou A month for the hundred men who nod no eilslence but were represented by fictitious names on the pay rolls As lo the four hundred soldiers remaining I was told that he paid them only fj per month each and In this way lie made J400 per month more In addl lion lo this he squeezed on their rations lie blinded the eyes ol the government by bribing the censors who are sent out Inspectors or he could hire an cslra hundred men to fill up his quota nt the time that the Inspectors arrive This man squeezes his under officers but Iheyprutecl him became he allows sirens totakeaperctnlageof the pay of the men b ioe Ihem and the result Is I that the privates get little more than will keep them alive Instead of having five hundred well satitftet and for China wellpaid men he has four hundred hun-dred who are dlscontended and hall starved This sort ol thing Is going on all i over China and oll of the I greatest t dangers lo the country comes of the discontent dis-content of the soldier jooooo ron AN orriCK The government Itsell expects the officers to squeeze and extort It pays 1 low salaries and the officers are u petted lo entertain hkJ princes Take the tautoi of Shanghai Ihs I salary Is I not more than that ol one ol our government govern-ment clerks but he paid JIMUUO this summer to one ol the chins eunuchs of he palace fur his Influence with the empress dowager In getting him a pod Ion 1 with I hKe Undemanding 3 Hut I he should have It 1 for three yean at least There U no doubt In my mind but that I the old dowager herself got a slice o the money Thin off eli worth about 1 Jayrcna a year In nieues and steal ings and as the tautui will rcceue something like fmopo during hit term he can afford m give fv > 0 roofer the job The name of the eunuch who got the money was 1i il Tae beau 11 Tie combs the empress dow ncirs hair and H I her confidential servant and adviser I At the Kiagnin arsenal I learned something some-thing ol how orders for guns and ships are made and how these Chinese officials i offi-cials are making money out ot the ro te present war Trey order the ship through foreign agents at Shanghai and I Insist that they shall have Irom 5 lo 19 percent of the t amount of each order int ol these orders run Into t Wr millions I mil-lions and you will see that their profits are Urge I They are very particular J m to the foreigners making any money out I of II the busmcM and Insist that their profit shall not be more than 5 per cent on the list price of the articles On this i basis the foreigner I would not make I anything for I his 1 work as l oJ has lo pay Jh rr least 3 per cent to the cffirlal who give him Ihe order There usually acolluilon between the foreigner ami the manufacturer by which the loreipner gets a big percentage and the China mill pays an extra price for the article Q EEIIMl IVimiMltKK This ii ntueeilng goes on everywhere both in China and Corea The officers ol the Chinese navy expect to make money out ol their salmrs The officials In charge or the railroads squeeze the men under them and every Chinese servant ser-vant squeezes his master One of the greatest of the official squeezes Is I In salt This Is a government monopol and Its sale 1 Is I fanned out to the highest hithesl bidders The sale of the sail for a district worth hundreds 01 thousands thou-sands of dollars l and foreigners are not permitted lo handle It There are salt nations at which supplies are stored and the native customs officers get their I percentage on the salt as It passes from I one dMnct to the other In the collection collec-tion of taxes for the government lime I I olhcers lake out something from every collection for IhemteUcsand I II a China I man bas a large 1 amount ol money blackmail sure lo be levied upon him I In some way or other by Ihe officials Still China with all this has about the lowest taxes In the world and tI It only l I because the taxes are low thai the government gov-ernment can retain Its hold upon Ihe people If they I should be greatly increased co L r lIr YJm iII i created by this war rebellions will spring II up In many ol the states and the f inn I Chinese emperor Is In fact In more danger from the people within the empire em-pire than from the Japanese outside of II CHINESE XICtHOtXAMI T1IRIR AIMICS China Is a strange combination of a despotic I monarchy and n government of the people It Is as much a confederation i confede-ration ol states sail Its nation and the eighteen provinces Into Inch It Is I divided di-vided each hat Us governor whu Is appointed by i1I emperorT bul wh6m the people can get rid of If they will 1 ll Is Ihtume itFC other officials I The Chinese are tong tolerant but when an c Ificlal lcu eze too much they will shim s-him Irom his office and Instances have been known of their stoning him out of time country The government i < very much afraid of the puipe and It will ibl dare to overtax ihtml during the present dlreJrlc Is hard 18 understand r iow these different proymcn are governed gov-erned WHAT TDK MLIKOVI Awn DolNO I Each province has a governor and In I bme of the biggest I Ir > u lek y ernor is vkeroy wcll in of f as we olh v aces the governor Is i > + e lid lo the viceroy and a viceroy may rule to ° J sod ihree provinces The viceroys governors have cabmen of Iheirovtn they made the power 01 11r and death over their subjects They name as many tlerks 1 and subordinates almost as you will find In our government and III Is quite as difficult to nil one ol these positions posi-tions as It Is to be 1reldent I of the United States Each ol these vceroyt I and governors has an army Of his tic n IlllungChanKaforcts number I about Jjouo men These have tie en camps within the province of Chill They are armed with foreign guns and are well drilled and will form use chief support of Ihe government the present war Ll Hung Chang has also lever camps of men In the province of Lbantongand he Is I as far as this war is concerned practically commander in chief of the whole At t kldr I humid a viceroy who had aSooo men under him lie controlled the big gun factory of Mag < nan and 1 I visited fn nand school on the outskirts ol his capital and found several hundred bovs studying ntvlga lion under two Jniilnh professors Some distance belo ilunghal there ll I another great governor who has an Immense military esUbluliment This lathe governor ol oochow HM troops according lo the 1eking records number num-ber more than Gtmri men and Ibis I number Include both his land and marine forces He is in charge of the navy yard l at Toochow and he has some thousands of men there building battleships battle-ships CIMNO CIIITUN TIIK IRKAT Another remirkahlr governor Is his of excellency Vu Chang Chan Vu Chitung Chang is the a viceroy city of nearly a million prop e and Chang Chitung govern Ins lens of millions He has long been a great man In China and II you ask Chinamen who Ihe two arealest men in China are they will my 11 1 Hung Chang and Chang Chllung sI I Is 1 In cth said tube very jealous of Chang and J 1 suppose Chang lt2 the same toward 11 I Chang Chllung lilies foreigners He Is I building railroads because he wants take able to defend China against the forelgers and now that this war has broken out his work w III I goon more rapidly than ever He U importing ttecllngols by the hundreds and Coke by this thousands ol bushel from England and llelglum hum his aleel works al Han Yang seven hundred miles from the seacoast and he t has spent already In the neighborhood of J10000000 upon Ins shroud expert mtnt It was his gun factory that was burned down only a hew days ago and ll may be that his Immense blast furnaces fur-naces will now be turned llo the making of weapons of war Time furnaces I are one hundred feet high and they are of line latest Kuropen make He has connected them with shops which cover from forty to filly acres and here arc twenty live acres of machinery under un-der one roof China today Im no good means if moving troops A railroad has been planned J front Hanknw to TIcnTsInand also from llanko to Canton These Immense ear worts could be put to he making of materials for this raid and as there are coal andiron I and-Iron In their near vicinity the building of the line would < he comparatively easy About arty flejgium engineers are now In the employ of this viceroy TI efrlol cfl I hinakln These men know all about the makng ol railroads and the working ft I steel soil II the government will furnish the money tins the greatest of all trunk lines of the world could be built It would go go for ison miles through the most thickly populated put of the Chinese empire and would connect a half dozen odd cities ranging from half million lo a million people In site i Ll IUNC1 CIIANOS 01 N UORKS I llltnnft Chang has gun works and an arsenal the shops of which are i he lb nearly a mile square ndo In which all kinds of modem guns are made It Is I much similar to the Shanghai I I arsenal which I described In the letter which 1 published < some months ago when I told how the Chinese were preparing for war No one can go through these works without wondering al the marvelous marvel-ous skill of the Chinese In both of them they turn out big guns and the Klagnan arsenal turning out twelve Inch guns which weighs over 100000 pounds and fire single shots which weigh over TUI pounds Three of such shots would be a load for a two horse team and one of these guns standing upon Its end would reach as high as the toof of a threestory house and at Its breech It Is as big round as n Hour barren Some of the other guns that I have seen In these arsenals will fire shot at the rate ol ten to the minute and each shot weighs too pounds 1 SAW fifty Chinamen pouring metal Into the molds for the making of projectile each of rcllI rt1cr a rt thousand pounds They were turning out thirty of these shot a stay and the ships are IrJ m now being supplied with them I was taken Into one of these warehouses and was shown the different kinds of shot thai he arsenals were making There were more than two hundred different varlllM of shot and shrapnel and In addition to this there were specimens < j r all sons of powder which Is used lor the crlng of these big guns This conies in the shape of nuts just like those by which a big troll I H fastened and lakes something like 1 1 four bushels of these powder nuts to fire oil one of the twehc inch guns Still the Chliese are making this powder and they have lately sent for n German chemist to leach them how 10 make Imokleu powder they are making pebble powder pow-der but from five to eight incls guns and they make nil sorts of other powders from that of the title to that of the largest I guns They have been ordering new crullers during the rut year ami they recently siit an order to Arm strongs the biggest ship maken of KhiEland for two new vessels which are lo cost ft150000 Ihcy have a number num-ber of trained men In these arsenals Ll Hung I Chang has several thousand I The viceroy at tlVi has a son and there are thousands at work at Hankow Canton and oochow The hours of Ihcw men will be doubled Irom now on lam I told hues Chinese learn very rapidly and there will be little difficulty In increasing bite force The making of small mms Is to be pushed and Qul Lee rifles to be turned out as ran us possible These are a sort of Renting lonwhlch the Chinese consider the best gun hi existence and the old matchlocks and lances will be done with as soon as possible OOVVS AND LAN U TILL VIED With all this you would think that he Chinese would hive given up their bows and Arrows and the weapons winch have come down from the middle ages They have not done so by any means Some i fhOII rrI uf the Interior troops I Hill carry bows Ifimlnrrowi and archery Is n rrgunr > arlof every military examination these military examinations are II IIt allover i all-over the empire and the candidates have to shoot with bows both on foot and In the saddle I saw jut outside of Peking an archery match ol this kind There were perhaps lo ooo Chinamen looking on and the soldiers rode on ins gallop by one target altor soother shooting arrows as they t The targets were about the size of hundred man illIi lIi and 1 did not note one of the n whom Iuw I shooting who missed In a single Instance They also shoot at balls III I trig I on the ground as they TO by on a gallop and they prxtlte Ir I years before be-fore coming to Peking Tlie candidates arc weeded out ngain and again before I they get lo the capital There Is first an examination held by the prefect J of the district In which they live The men who piss I this shoot again before the I literary l chancellor I and their next examination ex-amination Is before the governor ol the province Such examinations comprise great tournaments and out of the thousands thou-sands who are examined only forty or filly may pass Those wino stand highest I at Peking always get official positions and nearly eery officer ol Iho Chinese army could drop a bird on the lly with his arrow Toe exercise of the soldiers consists largely of gymnastics and these Iudents are examined In the wielding ol swords and In the lifting uf weights which nro graduated to test their muscle They have to be good lancers and 1 while visiting one of this Interior I titles I saw some ol these lance txeiclses I had been warned that I must not go Into the barracks and tint I mutt keep away from the forts but In passing one I heird music and told l my guide that I anted to enter He replied thai It w J snot s-not allowed and that It I might be dangerous danger-ous lIrh1 caught a glimpse however of the exercise as I went by and 1 determined de-termined to try I walked boldly through the gate No one attempted to slop me and a moment later 1 was In the presence pres-ence of a acne which you would expect to hnd In no camp outside ol the middle aOI At the back of a large Incloiurc sit a band pounding on drums and shaking cymbals and making a most horrible din Near these stood a number of high Chinese 1 officials and on the other Vf r sine of the yard were several companies soldiers lletween these stood a man diessed In the uniform of a Chinese private He had a ipear about fifteen feel long I In his hand and he was dancing danc-ing about and poking this 1 Into the air In l every direction how lie would l Jab It into an Invisible enemy at the right now he would hop up four eel from the ground and turn clear mound before he again lit lo drive ll Into another Invisible enemy at the Iclt He poked II In front of him and twisted himself Into n half knot In trying to deslrop his enemies In the rear Ho contorted his lace I In the most horrible manner to Inspire fear In his airy combatants and he yelled now and then as he thrust Such an exhibition exhi-bition would hate put him Into a lunatic asylum In the United Males I looked for perhaps ten minutes belure anylhin 3 an het happened and during this time a secon man came out and began logo through the same performance then sent my boy for a canura but befoie I could use It an official came up and objected I npologlrcd and left find huts Ihe best rule in fortlgn travel Go where you please and do what you please but always be ready to apologize If you ink you wgnt get It undo civil lungue will carry you further than a shotgun TIIK AKMV Or CHINA Hut let llO cre 1 you tome facts about Ihe army lids letter ll so long thai I cannot enlarge upon them Ilrsl there is I the Light Manner Corps which includes in-cludes the Manchus and Mongols and which Is I supposed to hate something like jooooo men Of this army the r8 ore In Peking 31390 soldier and eon < < nected with them bout llioo I surer numerates In Mccgola there std gush Manchui and 3 J8I supernurher anus I There are kept about the mm mer palace ol the klig ju st about SIJIJU of such troops Just otiuldtif I Peking la I time imperil l hunlln g park Tour thousand thous-and soldiers are kept there In addl to these In Peking there nre artillery and musketry to the number uf Booj infantry 3JO and othe troops lo Ilia nunUcr 016000 making a Irad total ol I Manchus surrounding unit nbout Peking ol too ono troops flies troops arc supported I entirely I by the government PITIo Yor ment Their officers are of high rank and about yes nf them have high position posi-tion as guards Inside the furbldden Cllrh where the emperor lives I have written already uf U Hung Changs army It Is the best drilled and Ihe best equipped uf coy In the empire In addition to their there are the three greit armies I known as the army of Manchuria the army nI center and blue army of 1 urklstan The Minchuriau army contains i a ooo men mill us head nuirlera are In MinchmU above blue I Chinese wall ll has good cannon and first class modern lilies these how cverare confined only lo a limited num ber ot the regiments and there are more matchlocks than Winchesters The army of the center I Is also I north uf the Ifmft Is supposed to Inrlu It jouoo men It non n-on Inc borders uf Jl jngil I i and theso Manchurian and MuiijolUn troops could be mo veil down Into Corea If there was any good way of cirr > lrg their provisions J and supplies time army ul Turkman Is I in tae welter part of the empire and too far oil for use at the prevent time AK1IIII UP till OVtKNORS In addition to this there are the armies ol the governois which are scattered 1 throughoiii I the 1 eighteen prov inces ol China dl which Include all i the large centers In Shantung there are 20000 1 men In bhansl ascoo Iond In Coochow jojso Ihe governor of Honan one nl toe most anilforeign provinces of Ihe empire has Ijooo soldiers The governor of Nanking nas jSooo ne I governor of Koocnuw OUJ5 The governor ol Cheklang jSooo and those of Hupe and Hannaii 1 lhDj jsoou men In bhentl Kenstih and air 1 there ale 97910 men and in biueneunl there are 33097 K ontung has 68 ooo l tl Kwangsi bus 19000 Anhui yaw and r Yunnan and Kvitlchow 4 > uu making a grand total with one or 10 smaller provinces added ol 701317 Just how many ol these troops can be relied upon In use of war I donl know There ports are those uf the Chinese government govern-ment and many of them may be overestimated over-estimated There I Is I no doubt however how-ever but that there are hundreds of thousands of soldiers In I China and that I they have many who glifi light II they are properi led Chinese Gordon who handled them during the lal Pine rebellion I said I that they made splendid soldiers that they were cool and calm and that they could do a great deal un small rations They are lull ol superstition super-stition and will carry priests and sooth UI crs vviih them They may eat black duga llesh lo nuke them brave and their surgeons wil I give them ground l tiger bones lo ins irrn courage In fight fd j this wl I be bloodthirsty and cruel und If tint war is carried Into the Interior It will bo accompanied wutn horru which will shoes time western world CF I |
