Show I Spraying for Fungous Fruit Diseases WrtiUtt for the haws Probably In no other country ol the world Is I spraying fur fungous diseases of hulls practiced to the lAme extent aIn a-In the United State Seven yean ago practically nothing was known of this subject In fact the number actively engaged en-gaged in spraying their trees vine etc for inch diseases of the grape did not exceed half a hundred nil told Now n > a fair estimate probably no leas than SOooo fruit growers are engaged In thl work From the Atlantic to the 1icihc and from the great Lakes to the Gull the methods recommended by the de Bailment of agriculture are practice every yeor Canada has Also adopted many ol the lupgMtlonj nude Amt even Australia Is I actively engaged In expert meats In the treatments of apple pear al dt aJ accordance peach and other I diseases In accordance with suggestions made from the N S department VOltS IT PAY TO BfHAY This question is I In large part answered by the facts already given No work that did not carry merit with could hAve had such A phenomenal growth To give mOle direct runner however It may be stated that the season of 1891 Jlfif ru esr two hundred and filly grapeglowers indifferent in-different parts of the country made a lerles of observations with a view or obtaining some definite information as to the value In dollars and cents of the recommendations made by the department depart-ment In the treatment ol grape disease The facts reported by these men show conclusively that the actual profit to them over all 1 expenses resulting from the treatment of blackrot and downy mildew was In round numbers f J7ooo Thirteen thousand dollars ol tins rum was reported from the state ol New kr Yoik alone Other examples equally as striking could I be chen but this is l sulhclent for fl rl the purpose l Of course every one Is not successful but where failure is reported re-ported It Is usually easy to locate and I remedy the trouble FUNOICIUEI OR RlnlltDIBI calm IN rRAYINO Numerous preparations have been recommended re-commended and used lor this work For all practical purposes however there are but four which properly may be called remedies I hey are I llordeaux mixture i ammonlacal solution of copper carbonate j raw ellette and 4 gJi T le modified raw celeste The latest experiments ex-periments Indicate that the best result will follow the use of these preparations when made as allows r llodtaax mixture In n barrel that will hold fortfive gallons dissolve six pounds of copper sulphate I using light or ten gallons ol water or as much ns maybe necessary for the purpose Inn In-n tub or half barrel slack four pound ol fresh lime When i completely I slaked I add enough water to make a creamy whitewash Iour this slowly Into the barrel containing the copper sulphate solution using a coarse gunny sack stretched I over the head of the barrel lora lor-a strainer Finally fill I the barrel with llx J water stir thoroughly and the mixture Is ready lor use Prepared in this way the cost ol one gallon ot the mixture will not exceed one cent the price of copper sulphate being seven cents per pound and time twentyfive cents per bushel In all cases It Is desirable to use powdered sulphate as It ants but little more and dissolves more rapidly III Is rlii important also that fresh lime be used It will bo seen by tlioio familiar with former suggestions made by the department ol agriculture tint the strength ol this I mixture I has been diminished I onehalf it was found as the result of experiments made that a mixture ot this strength and even much weaker gave practically as good results us the old formula which required six pounds ol copper sulphate and lour pounds of lime to twentytwo gallons of water a Amtntnlcal Solution of Ciffli Caitoaate ln an ordinary water pall mix five ounces ol copper carbonate with enough water to make a thick paste Dissolve J this paste In three pints of strong aqua ammonia then dilute to forty five gallons If three pints ol ammonia are not sufficient to dissolve nil the paste add enough to bring about this result Copper carbonate occurs In the market In the form of A fine greenish powder Tho retail prices Is usually sixty cents per pound Aqua ammonia having a strength ol twent six rnu an Upon retails I at eight 1 cents per pound upon this basis one gallon of the nmmomca solution of copper carbonate will cost one cent 13 Can CrtofeDuioUe two pt ands of copper sulphate In eight gallons ol water When completely dissolved add three pints of strong ammomi and I dilute to fortyfive Ironf 1 Ions Prepared In this way the solution will cost about two thirds of a cent per gallon 4 1IJJljitd lieu CVttfDlisohe four pounds of copper sulphate In to rt coJf aJo fr 1 eighteen gallons of water and stir In five pounds of idling or sol soda then Add three pints of aqua Aumonla dilute to fortyfive gallons The cost will be l fi cents per gallon HOW AND UIIBN TO SPRAY It should always bo borne In mind that no hard and fait rules can be hid I down for work of this kind Frequently Frequent-ly j the fruit 1 I grower will 1 have ttr use his I own Judgment especially ni regards the number of sprayings I and the proper lime to discontinue them If I this I I be not done serious results may follow In the treatment of black rot of the grape wee we-e known inegrowcra to continue the application i of llordeaux mixture through a protracted drought up I to the time 01 ripening of the fruit At a result re-sult when the lime arrived to send the grapes to market they were so spotted with I the mixture I that no one would buy them Again we have found fruit growers thoroughly inbred with the Idea that the only proper way to spray was to rush through nn orchard or vine yarn t with ionic new angled complicated machines I apply the solutions In daubs nt one point I and admitting whole trees or blocks of vines at anothor Such work into be regretted and It may lie the came of much loss to those who have acted carefully and Intelligently In the matter llefore taking up the subject of treatments treat-ments proper It may be well I clto emphas ise the importance and necessity using tins right kind of machinery A snra erIn er-In be effective requires first of all a rood strong force pump Next t In Importance Im-portance OI Is u nozzle that will I throw a rust like spray I and will not clog when thick fluids ore used There are plenty IICr l I mlIII X of machines on the market t filling all these requirements For convenience they may tie divided into three classes 1 horse power automatic I machines I I IJ 1j machine drawn by horse power but operated t 1ILr belonging 1 and Wehr machines All belonging I to the first group may IN dismissed with the statement state-ment that they are unnecessarily copes save and complicated and will not even In the most careful hands do the work thoroughly and tflectively r at the machines ma-chines belonging to the second ami third groups In which the cheapest most practical I and efficient example Is found In a strong light ioubl acllng double discharge force pump mounte 1 on a barrel It may be said that while they can not do the work as rapidly as the machines of the first class they are mote effective much cheaper and far r fl less wasteful of the liquid used r To the third class belong the knapsack sprayers which are the only ones necessary to notice In this connection There Is no questions that for all moderately low growing crops the knapsack sprayer I fills every requirement Pi no other machine Is the work so absolutely at all times under control It being possible to place nearly every drop of liquid exactly ex-actly where It Is wanted Knapsack I pumps are now used In many moderate sine vineyards also In places where the liaise power apparatus owing to the nature at the uj I or the manner of cultivation can not be utilized Many firms throughout the country as will be seen by reference to the columns of any good agricultural paper are engaged en-gaged rlo the manufacture and ice of the various machines mentioned Faking up the question spraying calt Ntcaf more specifically 1 will call attention 1 fistl to the apple diseases and their treat went but time not allowing me more lor this week I will continue this In next weeks NKWH Respectfully Tau K 1 VI MI NO Assistant Secretary Utah Slate Board ol Horticulture Box 1073 Salt Lake City Utah |