| Show REDUCES MORT MORTALiTY 25 PER CENT Modern Health Agencies Solve Many Problems o of Municipal Sanitation MILK SUPPLY AS CAUSE OF TYPHOID Unique Sewage Disposal System of Baltimore for Preservation of Oysters BY FREDERIO J. J HASKIN Although th the thi death Math rate is still stin higher i the cities of the United States than it at is in the rural districts of the cou coun coun- ry much progress has been made in he he last quarter of a century to toward rd educing the mortality in the cities every important city in the theun un v has cut cut down rn the number of in proportion to population by 3 ne one to one third one third in the last t ren live f-live five tive years ears Some have made more morO pi pid pia progress pogress than oth others rs in solving so 3 o pro problems of muni municipal health and the comparatively ly small mal mount of money that the mun jes I es have bac expended for health purposes us results have ha-e been Chicago o offers otTers an illustration 0 of f w what 1 la laa t fa a pro progressive resie rit may do in S saving VI the Jives ives of its citizens citi The building of She tle Chicago o dr drainage inage I. canal and nd other h r. r epa cps in municipal munie sanitation have fave lIac to place Chicago despite man many gerse erso conditions above abo the avera average e 5 of f Ame American municipalities in the mat mat- f r. r v f Ji alth It has been calculated ed edh h hat ht t the number of lives Ines saved sayed iii in III a 3 le decade bv by improved s sanitary con con- in the windy city ciU has represented represented rented an economic saving equivalent t to the entire cost of the great eat Chicago I amaze system I Issues Monthly Health Bulletin The health henith bureau of Chicago is pre- pre ded over bv by an official who knows how liow to p get matters before the people of f his 1 dt city He sends the Health Bulletin issued is issued is is- su sued d monthly to all the teachers i preachers and n men in in the city it This contains a great greata aJ a l of interesting matter and anti some i lost st striking charts and nd drav drawings to ht health alth conditions in in the cit city city- One ODe of the exhibits in the Chi Chicago go I pai n for health ja ia w atis dl c lIed d a sanitary trial al of th the city or I in account with th the the- preventive pre I This trial balance balan e shows an anc c v tr-v for the profit sid side of the led ledger r ro o Jives saved s from death through work in in ten years There is also a map showing th the Dum number er of new cases sacs of eu sis in Chicago report report- report report- fed during the month This map shows bow how many new cases there are on each eachl l Mock ock in tho city Milwaukee t o is is another city whose al eal h officials realize the advantages o 5 publicity in in their campaigns in b be be- half of the public health Its bull bulletin tin Hi is li published under the name annie of the and i is is filled with timely fend aid striking illustrations of what ma malie may lie be done and of what has baR been done dono in Milwaukee a healthy city Moving Picture Show Health Instructor There are those who believe e that the best est possible pos way wa of e educating the pub pub- jc lic jc to tho the necessity o of iD og ag the l laws rs of sanitation and pub- pub it 31 He nd and Personal hygiene is to instruct it t through the moving picture show A As Atries s tries ries of films might might bc be gotten up snow shoring show show- ing ng the striking things about sanitary pro ogress p ess and the tho evils of indifference Jp t 0 sanitary laws Some of the charts and pictures published in the various l health alth publications of the United States State Hire are ie of f striking interest Tho The main trouble with them is that they are not seen peen by the people who need most to Learn earn rn their lessons With a moving movin picture show traveling from theatre to t in tho the same city accompanied Iby by a competent lecturer practically the tile entire population would see the films if admission were r ro free It has bas been found that hat the moving picture men are usually Y glad Jad to give one night to such an enter enter- I in in each theatre because this altruistic work is the be best t possible ad ad- for the picture show RIt It may mw be said Baid that the great reat problems lems of municipal sanitation are The furnishing of pure water ater supply the operation of a sanitary sewerage sewerage ays- ays tem tern the maintenance nee of a a. safe Fafe milk t upp- upp Upp and th pro i provision ion of proper I housing musing conditions Wherever a e city ty bas nas chan changed ed from a polluted to a pure I water ater supply m i- i there has bas always followed i it t ig of human life Tn In I sevi sev sev- er oral l ot of the t-he cities of i l J Europe which ob i tam their w water ter from pure mountain springs S the death rate from is typhoid fe feer fe- fe er 18 only ODly one fifteenth of what it is in tho he average 8 large American cities with ot P cities which water have taken installed from river rivers filtration Those ThoM ThoMI I plants in States have a death deth rate t from typhoid f t r only one fourth as large aro as that of cities taking their r water from un unguarded rivers t Impure pure Milk Primary Cause of Typhoid Where Where-er g forded r adequate means are afforded af- af for the proper inspection k an and of the milk supply i a eat gi-eat reat d tiei tie tie- his hAs crease noted in in the number hi of cases of boid It has bas happened dozens of instances ICS that there thero Would b be rn from ton to ca eases of fiftY es f typhoid f foyer v cr r on a sin single lo street all of them i b hing tra traced ed back ck to one infected infected dairy dalry whIle the tho other dairies S i lag g on those streets would t- t not gt ba have e it a 8 single le ease caso of fever reported amon among among their customers Many meth moth 0 lods o of of insuring a good milk supply are being pursued by various arious cities but it lis fg probable that Montclair lair N. N J. J has hai come nearest to solving solvin the problem It has enacted an ordinance whereby the bacterial count of each dairy is available for examination by every in in- t citizen In this way n-ay ay no one need peed have any doubt as to the quality of if the milk left at his his' door by the milkman C Conditions Govern Health rIbo problem of housing the tho poor i is Q Continued ou on pago 4 4 1 REDUCES MORTALITY 25 PER CENT Continued from pago I 1 I. recognized by sanitarians as an important tant tact but a difficult one ODO There are arc no statistics in this country showing showier the tho effect of ot unsuitable unsuitable- housing conditions but statistical inquiry in the cit city of ot Glasgow ow Scotland d disclosed tho fact that two and one half times as many people dio annually in one and two two- room houses as die in houses bouses having five hc or more snore rooms Tho death rate in houses of three and four rooms is nearly twice as great as that in lar larger houses housell There Thero are statistics in the United States however which bear out the reports from Scotland The insurance companies find that there aro are 50 percent percent per cent more moro deaths among holders holden of in in- policies than amon among holders of rt regular ular life policies Likewise the tho inquiries in of the census bureau disclose the tho fact that there are third one more deaths amon among the laboring laborin and servant classes than amon among the business and professional classes in proportion to the number of persons The Problem of Sewage Disposal The rhe problem of sewage disposal l in inthe inthe inthe the cities clUe of or the Unit United d States has been in tho course of solution during the past twenty years With the new Dew systems of treating Rewa sewage e. e cities are a able to eliminate danger of infection and to turn the water into the tha adjacent r rivers er without polluting the stream below One of the most extensive sew sewage e projects ever undertaken is is that of tho the city of Baltimore The Maryland t le legislature slature found that the sewa sewage e of the city threatened to contaminate con coo contaminate the oYSter beds of Chesapeake bay and passel passed a law requiring Baltimore Balti Baits more morEs to establish a system which would eliminate this danger danser To accomplish this it became necessary sary for the monumental city to-i to tOJ a system of sewers sufficient to accommodate accommodate ac ac- ac- ac tho needs of three-quarters three of a million people Also it had to provide pro a method of a sewage e disposal which would eliminate all aU dan dangerous ero bacteria before the water was turned back into the bay To do this it had bad to establish separate sewage and draina drainage drainage drain drain- a age e systems since sinco the necessity of purifying puri pun the surface water after rain ram rain would have have broke the cit city eit Under tinder the new system Iltem all nil sewage is carried out to the back river Here it goes into a great reat tank through b which the water is allowed to flow slowly Most of the solid matter s settles set set- t- t tIes to the bottom The liquid sewage is then permitted to pass through h the pipes and into sprinklers which sprinkle like rain over a lar large e gravel bed eight and one half feet thick Tn trickling down through this finely crushed gravel fravel tho germs enns attach themselves inela in gelatin ela tin masses masses to the gravel and attack the tho disease germs as they pass alon along In 1st this way wa the germ enemies of mankind mankind mankind man man- kind are overpowered and destroyed and after the water has been allowed to undergo another process for the extraction ex cx- traction of its mineral contents it becomes becomes be be- comes bland and harmless and runs off into the river Burn Garbage at Profit in Europe The problem of garbage arba e disposal dis has been solved in many European cities and also in ip a few of those in the United States Some of the European cities use tho the garbage arba e as fuel for municipal municipal mu mu- heating and lighting plants and andare andare are able to make a. a profit t 1 out of the theS business Worcester Mass condu conducts 8 a aho S ho hog farm for the consumption of its aS S kitchen waste and aud finds that it is able to make a fair profit out of garbage disposal in this way Columbus 0 O. has recently erected a garbage reduction reduction reduction tion plant and tl the products by-products of garbage garbage gar gar gar- bage reduction such as as oils and fertilisers fertilizers m make ke it a profitable invest invest- ment The elimination of the horse from city life jfe promises to be one of the factors fac fac- tors tore in in the makin making of the clean cit city of S the tho twentieth century The Tho popularity S of the heavy automobile truck ruek and the theS S repeated demonstration of f the tho reduction reduction S tion in the cost of operation as con coin pared to tho the horse drawn vehicles vehicle is is lending more and 1 more to the adoption of tho the automobile and the retirement of the horse It is declared by Dr lr L L. L S 0 O. Howard of the department of agriculture agriculture agri altri S culture that in those parts of Washington Washing Washing- ton where the has bas supplanted supplanted sup sup- planted the horse horM the tho house bouse ou e fly ha has almost al al- al most disappeared It is is 15 probable that S the next quarter of a century will see se e etho tho tiso horse in the city city go o the way way of the town cow and the pI pig sty ty Monday I THE I PUBLIC HEALTH I. A W Rural Sanitation tion |
