Show n I I I S MANU A NU F FA A CT S U R RESH E 4 I By Frederic J J. Haskin HEN lIEN the thc early earl statesmen of vi the United States declared it was way w useless to think of the nation ever becoming anything else but a na nation ia tion Uon of agriculturists ag the they did not take tak Into consideration n the genius of the thc American inventor That the manufactured manu manil- Plo product of the country toda today possess sach sich a a. vast v value luo Is due InC to tho the many l kinds inda of machinery ma ma- chinery ry for fOI making things evolved h by American genius The manu manufacturer i is able to take a apiece apiece piece of iron and transform it into a a. t giant boiler boller or Int Into in into In- In hair springs for to watches atcho worth thirteen thirteen thir thir- le teen times their thIr weight In gold Or 01 1 luc IK- can make the theiron theiron iron into watch screws so 0 small that JL a hundred thousand may be put Into a Into a ladys lady's thimble each screw screw possessing a I thread It is 13 in planning machinery for manufactures manufactures manufactures manu manu- that the inventor performs one of his most signal services To devise a huge huge- hydraulic forge forge- forgeable able to exert a pressure of Qt tons on the one hand and to tol O make a machine which h will cut cuta a thread with turns to tho the Inch on the other represents a wide range of Ingenuity and the inventor has been able to do both One machine will produce a giant cable while another will make a wire only tenth one-tenth the diameter of a a. womans woman's hair Another machine will weave an iron netting heavy enough h for forthe forthe forthe the front of a tigers tiger's cage while another another another an an- other will produce a steel gauze so finely spun that it has bias meshes to the square inch The Time manufacturer is able to make a cutting machine which will cut slices of material so thin that thousands thousands thousands thou thou- sands may be piled plied up in a la er an inch high and on the other hand makes huge huc steel saws which weigh 12 tons and cut a groove through steel with as much ease case as a knife cuts a slice of bread A lar large e proportion of the labor saving machinery of tho the world has been pro pro- dUC d by the American inventor Labor In this country always has received bet bet- tot leI rewards than in other countries and this has made the necessity of labor savin sav say lug ing machinery all the greater The re result result re- re sult suIt has been a great stimulation In the effort to solve the problems of mechanical cal production One of the first labor savers Invented in the United States was wasa a it machine f for r mal making nails It was the invention of Ezel Ezekiel lel Reed of Bridgewater ter Mass 1 The nail making machinery of the world has undergone many improvements im Im- Im- Im since the day of Reed and nails are produced so cheaply now that like a pin it Is cheaper to pass one by than to stoop and pick it up Carpet tacks s seem to be small things yet a single single sin sin- gle gk western factory produces pounds of them every year As the cut nail was the product of American Ingenuity in ingenuity In- In so also is the wire nail of which there then arc are approximately kegs a a year rear used In the United the United States today The modern machinery for mal making wire wife is also a product of the inventive American Amer Amer- ican itan mind Wire 1 is ili now flOW so o widely used that it requires more than twice as much to supply the demands o of the country as it requires of structural steel Wire nails are arc made from drawn wire as are also pins The first solid headed pin making machine ever used was brou brought ht out by J. J L I. r Howe of New York in 1831 It for- for m required seven men to make a single single sin sin- gb gle pin and the process was an expensive ive lye one but the modern pin making machine ma ma- rhine chine with a single operator turns them out by the millions a year yean After tho the pins arc are out and the heads hammered on by automatic hammers and the points properly ground they are then placed tn In Ina a bath made of sour beer and cream of tartar This produces the well known yellowish color They aro are then washed and tinned after which they are ready to be placed in papers by automatic machi machinery machinery ma ma- chi chinery nery The possibility of carpets carpets- for the millions mil mu- lions was as brought ht about by hy an invention of Eras Erastus t us Bigelow of Boston who in 1544 ISH brought out a power loom for the weaving wea of in ingrain carpets The Tho modern methods of felt making are aro the result of patents issued to J. J R. R Williams in 1820 Mechanical rope weavers also were given to the world by American Inventors These enable a few operators to manufacture manu mann facture more rope in a a. year than a hun bun dred ired could on one of the old time rope walks of Kentucky The Hoe Hoc printing press is only on one step forward in the application of mechanical Knowledge dg and yet a modern newspaper newspaper per press operated by five men will iII produce produce pro pro- duce more moro papers in an hour than a pressman and his assistant could turn out in a hundred days working ten hours a da day clay with an old fashioned Franklin press If 5 e the world orld obtained Its newspapers as it did a hundred years ago the dally daily pa paper paper pa- pa per of the present would have to be a quarterly provided the demand for pa papers papers pa- pa pers was as great reat The new printing press has made it possible for the smallest smallest small- small est eat sta state to in the union to produce a hundred hundred hun hun- I dred times times as many papers as were turned out in tho the whole country a bundred hundred hun bun dred years ago The modern elevator elvator which has made the thc tall buildings n s of the world possible and therefore modern city conditions o an oy DV American The first ideas in safety devices for elevators were ere in m the shape of airtight chambers at the them thet J bottom bottoni t m of f the shaft It Tt was figured fi that If the elevator should fall it would strike on a cushion of imprisoned Vf air thus rendering ren ren- derin dering the danger practically nil This idea was foll followed f for r a Ion long lono time and In the tho course pf of experiments It was deme dem- dem S that with a ProPerly constructed construe construe- ted e sh shaft ft an elevator elvator could fall feet without fracturing an electric Jj light ht bulb or r breaking an egg shell Since then the tho safety clutch safety has haH been placed placer on the elevator and the airtight nir chamber at the bottom of the shaft ft has alm almost pea red i An American first conceived the modern mod- mod ern ermi ice making and the m many n that 1 have Town grown 0 out of artificial had their b beginning i in the crude crune little plant constructed tec by bv this southern genius Recent Reent experiments In the use of the tle vacuum principle have demonstrated d ted that th in the future It will be n to ship ice cream and other perishables perishables per per- all over oer the world worl without the their r ver er comin into contact with ice Ie ice either he In pr preparation or shipment A C consign consign- B ml men of of Ice fee cream crean was shipped last year car from Washington to Sea Seattle We and then back hack to Washington by way of oC San Francisco and New Orleans and when opened it was In as good condition as all when it started rio Tho modern machinery for bottling waters and other liquids tl was perfected by American genius One can cun scarcely travel far enough away from the tIme borders of the United States to got get bey beyond nd the range rang of the influence of the the- American This is illustrated in the fact that on the banks of the river Jordan there is a 11 bottling works equipped with American bottling machinery engaged d in bottling the water of the river Jordan for pious people throughout the world The great reat demand for bottles in the United States has led inventors to perfect a machine for the blowing ot them It Jt it found that this machine is one of the tho greatest labor savers ever eyer devised and that it produces b better and more un uniform If bottles than were m d by bv th the theold old ash fash hand met method hod Even cn thermometer ter tubes are now frequently blown b by ma- ma I chinery On of the most striking cases cams of labor laborsaving laborsaving saving as applied to American Industry Is that of mechanical shoe making Under Under Un Un- der the old fashioned cobbler method it required the shoemaker two days to produce produce pro pro- duce a pair of shoes Today that same pair of shoes may be made In twenty minutes There Thera are sixty operatives and forty five machines utilized in the pro pro- cess In the shoemaking world as In Inmany Inmany Inmany many other Industries the patents have been made a temporary monopoly The machines arc are only leased and a portion of tho the cost ost of every overy shoe wo we wear is made mado up of the royalty charged by the holders of the patent rights The steam driven sawmill is the product product pro pro- duct of American genius for making the best beat use of power Without tho the modern sawmIll it would be impossible to furnish the vast supplies of manufactured d lumber lumber lum lum- ber demanded by the country The first steam sawmill was a queer little machine with a capacity of only a few thousand feet of lumber a day Now the time huge mills turning out thousands s o of feet of lumber a year find the saw sawdust alone to be worth more than the entire product of the first sa sawmills It Requires billions of boxes box's to carry the berries and fruits of the country to the urban consumer If these had to be manufactured by the old fashioned f hand process they would be so expensive as as' to as-to to tomake tomake make their use usa almost prohibitive The same Ingenuity that has made it ble for an Am American rican inventor to produce a bit which will bore a square hole holp has made it possible to evolve a machine which when fed strips of this lumber turns out completed boxes One girl and anda a box making machine will turn out 1000 berry baskets a day or grape grap baskets Every year witnesses the tho issuance of patents which so eliminate the labor cost of manufacture as to materially reduce duce the cost of the output of the factories The machinists universally agree agre that there is still much room for progress They see In the electric furnace f the greatest step forward since the Invention invention tion of the blast furnace and the converter converter converter con con- verter and believe with the late Pig Iron Kelly that it will supplant s them both and that the resultant Improvement in iron and steel and their products to together together together to- to gether with Ith 10 lowered ered cost will give ghe the American factory a new lease on world supremacy Tomorrow Tomorrow American American Invention VI VI Mining Mining and Metallurgy |